@media all and (min-width:768px) and (min-device-width:768px),(max-device-width:800px) and (min-width:768px) and (orientation:landscape){.row--cta{text-align:left}.zone-ad-top-wrapper{display:block}.menu--aha-publisher>li>a,.citation--list-featured .highwire-cite-metadata-doi{display:inline}.block--ads-flexible .panel-pane{float:left;margin:0 1%;width:48%}.messages{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}h1,.heading--alpha,#page-title,.node--content-hero__title{font-size:2.8rem}h2,.heading--beta,.block-title,.pane-title,.archive-title,.highwire-list-title,.fieldset-legend,.fig-data-group-title,.highwire-markup .sub-article>h1,.opportunity-challenge-login h3,#highwire_folders_list_description h3,.article-save-folder,.highwire-advanced-search-form .form-item-txtsimple>label,.citation--cta .highwire-cite-title{font-size:2.4rem}h3,.heading--gamma{font-size:2.6rem}h4,.heading--delta,.citation--list .highwire-cite-title,.citation--list .highwire-cite-linked-title,.toc-meeting-citation .title,.highwire-article-nav,.highwire-toc-sections-nav,.node--content-feature__title,.list--article-tools a{font-size:1.8rem}.issue-list-month,.issue-toc-section .issue-toc-section .toc-heading,.highwire-markup .article .section h3,.page-aha-admin h3,.node-type-advanced-page .region-content .panel-region-content h3,.node--featured .node--content-feature__title{font-size:2rem}h5,.heading--epsilon,h6,.panels-ajax-tab,.citation--cta__content,.highwire-comments-anchor-list .citation--list .highwire-cite-title,.highwire-comments-anchor-list .citation--list .highwire-cite-linked-title{font-size:1.6rem}.site-name{font-size:5.8rem;margin-bottom:-10px;margin-top:0}.site-name .title-break{display:none}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name .title-break{display:inline}.aha-site-name-serif .site-name{margin-bottom:-10px}.aha-site-name-long .site-name{font-size:4.5vw;margin-bottom:-.6vw}.hw-default-jcode-circcvoq .site-name{font-size:4.2vw}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name{text-align:center;font-size:4vw;margin-bottom:-.5vw}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name .big-title-center{font-size:8rem;margin-bottom:-1rem}.aha-site-name-descenders .site-name,.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-serif .site-name{margin-bottom:2px}.row--superheader{border-top-width:1px;border-top-style:solid}.region-superheader-first>.block-menu{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.panels-ajax-tab-container{padding:30px}.row--footer .five-layout .panel-region-second .pane-snippet{margin-top:0}.zone-footer-second .block-title,.zone-footer-second .block>.content{display:inline-block}.pane-aha-social-media,.zone-footer-second .block-title,.zone-footer-second .block>.content{margin-bottom:0}.content-sidebar-layout .panel-region-content{padding-bottom:0}.footer--aha-logo,.footer--aha-contact{float:none}.footer--aha-logo{margin-right:0;margin-bottom:15px}.row--footer-info,.menu--aha-footer-logo{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.block-menu--social-media .block-title,.menu--aha-footer-logo>li{margin-right:15px}.list--featured-content{margin-left:-7.5px;margin-right:-7.5px;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.list--featured-content>li{padding:0 7.5px 15px;width:50%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.view-aha-featured-issues .view-content,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal .view-content{margin-left:-7.5px;margin-right:-7.5px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.view-aha-featured-issues .view-content>div,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal .view-content>div{padding:0 7.5px 15px;width:50%;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.view-aha-featured-issues .views-field-field-highwire-issue-cover img,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal .views-field-field-highwire-issue-cover img{border-bottom:3px solid #c5161d}.view-aha-featured-issues .views-field-title,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal .views-field-field-highwire-a-journal{padding-bottom:7.5px}
.highwire-list-expand{padding-left:0}.highwire-list-expand .highwire-list-expand{padding-left:30px}.panels-ajax-tab,.panels-ajax-tab li a{-wekit-box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow:inset 0 -2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.panels-ajax-tab,.panels-ajax-tab li,.panels-ajax-tab a{display:inline-block}.item-list .panels-ajax-tab li{margin:0 7.5px 0 0}.item-list .panels-ajax-tab li.last{margin-right:0}.panels-ajax-tab li.active a{-wekit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.panels-ajax-tab li a{margin-bottom:0}.panel-region-sidebar-right .panels-ajax-tab li a{padding:10px}.panels-ajax-tab{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end}.panels-ajax-tab>li{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}.tabs--article .item-list .panels-ajax-tab{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:2px}.tabs--article .panels-ajax-tab,.tabs--article .panels-ajax-tab li,.tabs--article .panels-ajax-tab li a{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none}.tabs--article .item-list .panels-ajax-tab li a{padding-bottom:15px}.tabs-container--article .panels-ajax-tab-container{padding-top:30px}.aha-bx-controls-direction a{top:50%}.aha-bx-controls-direction .bx-prev{left:30px}.aha-bx-controls-direction .bx-next{right:30px}.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__image .node--content-hero__icon{position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-left:7.5px;padding-right:7.5px;display:block;text-align:center;position:absolute;bottom:15px;top:auto;height:auto;z-index:2}.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__icon>a,.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__icon>div{padding-right:30px}.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__icon img{width:100%}.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__image+.node--content-hero__content{position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%}.node--content-hero__content{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.75)}.carousel--inline .bxslider>li{width:325px !important}.modernizr-flexbox .carousel--inline .bx-viewport{height:auto !important}.citation--cta,.list--featured-content,.list--featured-content>li,.js.modernizr-flexbox .carousel--inline .bx-wrapper .bxslider{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.modernizr-flexbox .carousel--inline .bxslider,.modernizr-flexbox .carousel--inline .bxslider li{height:auto}.menu--cta-menu li{float:left;margin:0 1%;width:48%}.citation--cta{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-grid-row-align:center;align-items:center}.citation--cta>.citation--cta__content{margin-right:30px;-webkit-box-flex:2;-ms-flex:2 1 auto;flex:2 1 auto}.citation--cta>.citation--cta__cta{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto}.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>span+span:before,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>a+span:before,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>span+a:before,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>a+a:before{content:none}.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>span+span,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>a+span,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>span+a,.citation--list .highwire-cite-extras>a+a{margin-left:15px}.citation--title .highwire-cite-authors{color:#7b7b7b}.citation--title .highwire-cite-authors{font-size:1.4rem;line-height:1.6}.citation--title .highwire-cite-title,.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle+div,.citation--title .highwire-cite-title+div{margin-top:15px}.drupal-login,.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle+.citation--title__extras,.citation--title .highwire-cite-title+.citation--title__extras,.citation--title .citation--title__extras{margin-top:30px}.citation--title .highwire-cite-extras{float:left;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:0}.highwire-nav-float-wrapper{margin-left:-7.5px;max-height:100%;overflow:auto}.highwire-markup ul.kwd-group{margin:30px 0}.highwire-markup .section+.sub-article{margin-top:30px;padding-top:30px}ul.highwire-figure-links.inline li{display:inline-block;padding-right:15px}ul.highwire-figure-links.inline li.last{padding-right:0}.highwire-markup .fig:before,.highwire-markup .table:before,.highwire-markup .fig:after,.highwire-markup .table:after{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}.hw-search-extra .form-item,.hw-comments-filter-wrapper .form-item{display:inline-block;margin-right:30px;white-space:nowrap}.field-container--inline{margin-bottom:30px}.field-container--inline>label,.field-container--inline>div{display:inline-block;max-width:64%}tr .form-item.field-container--inline>label,tr .form-item.field-container--inline>div{width:63%}.field-container--inline>label,tr .form-item.field-container--inline>label{width:35%}.field-container--inline>.description{display:block;margin-left:35%;padding-left:5px}.field-container--inline>label,.field-container--inline>.chosen-container-single,.field-container--inline>.input-wrapper>.chosen-container-single{vertical-align:middle}.field-container--inline>label{margin-bottom:0;max-width:100%;padding-right:15px;text-align:right;width:35%}.form-type-radios.field-container--inline>label,.form-type-checkboxes.field-container--inline>label,.form-type-select-multiple.field-container--inline>label,.form-type-radios.field-container--inline>div,.form-type-checkboxes.field-container--inline>div,.form-type-select-multiple.field-container--inline>div{vertical-align:top}.form-type-radios.field-container--inline>.form-radios>.form-item,.form-type-checkboxes.field-container--inline>.form-checkboxes>.form-item{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}.field-container--inline.form-type-select-multiple>label,.form-type-radios.field-container--inline>.form-radios>.form-item+.form-item,.form-type-checkboxes.field-container--inline>.form-checkboxes>.form-item+.form-item{margin-top:15px}.highwire-advanced-search-form [id^="edit-citation"] .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item{width:25%}
.highwire-advanced-search-form [id^="edit-citation"] .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-doi{width:50%}.citation--title .highwire-cite-access{margin-left:-22.5px;margin-top:20px}.citation--title .highwire-cite-access~.highwire-cite-title,.citation--title .highwire-cite-access~.highwire-cite-subtitle{margin-left:0}.view-aha-featured-issues,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal{padding:1rem}.hw-citation-links.inline li,.view-aha-featured-issues>.view-content>div,.view-aha-journal-issues-portal>.view-content>div{width:32%}.nav-parent .issue-browser li,.nav-children .issue-browser li{width:10%}.hw-default-jcode-circcvg .pane-menu-menu-homepage-cta-links a.button{font-size:1.4rem}}@media all and (min-width:768px) and (min-device-width:768px),(max-device-width:800px) and (min-width:768px) and (orientation:landscape) and (min-width:768px){.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__image .node--content-hero__icon{float:left;width:25%}}@media all and (min-width:768px) and (min-device-width:768px),(max-device-width:800px) and (min-width:768px) and (orientation:landscape) and (min-width:768px){.node--content-hero .node--content-hero__image .node--content-hero__icon{margin-left:8.33333333%}}@media all and (min-width:1155px){.grid-wide-eqh,.grid-wide-eqh>div{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.row--featured .panel-region-content,.row--featured .panel-region-sidebar-right{background-color:#fff}.row--superheader{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid}.block--ads-flexible .panel-pane{float:none;margin:0;width:auto}.menu--aha-publisher>li>.wrapper--inline-search>a,.menu--aha-publisher>li>.wrapper--inline-search .form-item{display:block}.menu--aha-publisher>li>.wrapper--inline-search button{visibility:visible}body{font-size:1.6em}h1,.heading--alpha,#page-title,.node--content-hero__title{font-size:3.6rem}.row--alt #page-title,.highwire-citation-type-highwire-article h1,.highwire-citation-type-highwire-article #page-title{font-size:3.2rem}h2,.heading--beta,.archive-title,.highwire-list-title,.row--prefooter .block-title,.row--prefooter .pane-title,.fig-data-group-title,.highwire-markup .sub-article>h1,.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay [class^="aha-icon"]{font-size:2.8rem}#page-subtitle,.subtitle,.citation--title .highwire-cite-subtitle{font-size:2rem}h3,.heading--gamma{font-size:3.6rem}dl dd,.highwire-markup ol.cit-list>li{font-size:1.4rem}.panels-ajax-tab,.citation--cta__content,.pane-aha-social-media .aha-conversation-overlay{font-size:1.8rem}.highwire-markup .disp-formula-label,.highwire-markup .MathJax_Display,.highwire-corrections h3,.row--prefooter .pane-menu .pane-title,.tabs--article .panels-ajax-tab,.panel-region-sidebar-right .panels-ajax-tab{font-size:1.6rem}.block-title,.pane-title,.fieldset-legend,.highwire-advanced-search-form .form-item-txtsimple>label,.citation--cta .highwire-cite-title{font-size:2.4rem}.section-header>.container-fluid>.row--header{padding-top:15px}.site-name{font-size:8.3rem;margin-bottom:0}.aha-site-name-long .site-name,.aha-site-name-serif .site-name,.aha-site-name-descenders .site-name,.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-long .site-name,.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-serif .site-name,.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-serif.aha-site-name-long .site-name{margin-bottom:0}.aha-site-name-long .site-name,.hw-default-jcode-circhf .site-name{font-size:5.4rem}.hw-default-jcode-strokeaha .site-name{font-size:10rem}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name{font-size:4rem;margin-bottom:0}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-name .big-title-center{font-size:10rem;margin-top:0}.hw-default-jcode-circae .site-name{max-width:600px}.region-branding{min-height:80px}.aha-site-name-long .region-branding{min-height:108px}.site-info{position:absolute;bottom:-11px;z-index:2}.aha-site-name-serif .site-info{bottom:-14px}.aha-site-name-long .site-info,.hw-default-jcode-circhf .site-info{bottom:-8px}.aha-site-name-long.aha-site-name-serif .site-info{bottom:-9px}.aha-site-name-descenders .site-info{bottom:5px}.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-long .site-info,.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-serif .site-info{bottom:3px}
.aha-site-name-descenders.aha-site-name-serif.aha-site-name-long .site-info{bottom:2px}.hw-default-jcode-strokeaha .site-info{bottom:-17px}.hw-default-jcode-ahaoa .site-info{bottom:-6px}.section-content>.container:first-child>.row:first-child,.section-content>.container-fluid:first-child>.row:first-child{border-top-width:0}.highwire-nav-float-wrapper{max-width:337px}.list--featured-content>li{width:32%}.highwire-list-expand>li>.expand-children{margin-top:.2rem}.carousel--inline .bxslider>li{width:251px !important}.citation--cta>.citation--cta__cta{text-align:center;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 30%;flex:0 0 30%}.citation--title .highwire-cite-extras+.highwire-cite-metadata{line-height:1.2}#front-page-container .row--featured .panel-region-content,#front-page-container .row--featured .panel-region-sidebar-right{margin-top:48px}#front-page-container .row--featured .panel-region-content>.inside>.pane-highwire-panel-tabs:first-child,#front-page-container .row--featured .panel-region-content>.inside>.pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs:first-child{margin-top:-48px}.tabs--article .item-list .panels-ajax-tab li{margin-right:30px}.tabs--article .item-list .panels-ajax-tab a{padding:7.5px 0}.highwire-markup ul.kwd-group{margin:30px 15px}.item-list>.fig-data-list,.highwire-markup .article .fig,.highwire-markup .article .table{margin-left:15px;margin-right:15px}.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-abstract-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-text-abstract-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-text-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-references,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-references-flags,.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-title-container"]>.form-item,.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-title-abstract-container"]>.form-item,.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-anywhere-container"]>.form-item{float:left;width:65%}.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-abstract-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-text-abstract-title,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-text-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-references,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-references-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form [id^="edit-keywords"] .form-options-inline>.form-item{margin-top:15px}.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-title-container"]>.form-type-radios,.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-title-abstract-container"]>.form-type-radios,.pane-search-alert-create-form [id^="edit-anywhere-container"]>.form-type-radios,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-text-abstract-title-flags,.highwire-advanced-search-form .fieldset-wrapper>.form-item-references-flags{width:35%}.site-name .title-break{display:inline}.hw-default-jcode-circae .site-name .title-break,.hw-default-jcode-circcvoq .site-name .title-break,.hw-default-jcode-circhf .site-name .title-break{display:none}}button.button-link,input[type="submit"].button-link,input[type="button"].button-link,input[type="reset"].button-link{background:none;border:0;display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;outline:0;outline-offset:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline}
button.button-link::-moz-focus-inner,input[type="submit"].button-link::-moz-focus-inner,input[type="button"].button-link::-moz-focus-inner,input[type="reset"].button-link::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}button.button-link:active,input[type="submit"].button-link:active,input[type="button"].button-link:active,input[type="reset"].button-link:active{box-shadow:none}button.button-link:focus,input[type="submit"].button-link:focus,input[type="button"].button-link:focus,input[type="reset"].button-link:focus{outline:black dotted 1px;box-shadow:0 0 1px 2px white}.recaptchatable #recaptcha_response_field{height:1.5em !important}.webform-container-inline>label,.form-items-inline>.form-item{display:inline-block;*display:inline;*zoom:1;}.webform-component-radios>.form-radios,.webform-component-checkboxes>.form-checkboxes{margin-left:2em}.form-items-inline>.form-item{margin-right:1em}.form-items-inline>.form-item:last-child{margin-right:0}.webform-container-inline>label{width:25%;margin-right:0;max-width:150px;padding-right:1em;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.webform-container-inline>input[type],.webform-container-inline>select,.webform-container-inline>textarea,.webform-container-inline>div{max-width:75%}.node-webform .submitted,.node-webform .forward_link{display:none}[id^="edit-hw-citation-text-elements"] .fieldset-content>.form-type-select{border-top:1px solid #dddcd7;margin-top:20px;padding-top:15px}[id^="edit-hw-citation-text-elements"] .fieldset-content>.form-type-select:first-child,[id^="edit-hw-citation-text-elements"] .fieldset-content>.description:first-child+.form-type-select{border-top:0;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}