Diabetes mellitus impairs poststroke neovascularization in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. A, Representative brain section depicting the region of interest in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere shown in red and yellow squares. B, Representative images contrasting ipsilateral and contralateral zones across the groups. C, Plot depicting vascular volume across groups and treatment arm aP<0.05 vs sham control or ipsilateral control and diabetes mellitus, bP<0.05 vs control or diabetes mellitus plus metformin. D, Plot depicting vascular surface area across groups, aP<0.05 vs sham control, bP<0.05 vs ipsilateral diabetes mellitus, cP<0.05 vs control or diabetes mellitus plus metformin, and dP=0.0018 vs sham. Data were analyzed with a 2×2 design for disease (control vs diabetes mellitus) and intervention (sham vs stroke) in the ipsilateral or contralateral hemispheres. There was significant interaction indicating important differences in vascularization at baseline and after stroke in the diabetes mellitus group. To determine the impact of glycemic control on poststroke vascularization, 1-way ANOVA was used (control, diabetes mellitus, and diabetes mellitus plus metformin) and P values are shown on the graphs and post hoc analyses are marked by letters. Mean±SEM; n=6 to 9.
