Covariates-adjusted mean values of adult LVMI by childhood and adulthood BMI and SBP status. Covariates included adult age, race, and sex. BMI indicates body mass index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; and SBP, systolic blood pressure. *P<0.01 vs low-low group.
Mediation effect of adult BMI and SBP on the childhood BMI–Adult LVMI association. A, Mediation effect of adult BMI. B, Mediation effect of adult SBP. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01. aTotal and net mediation effect of adult BMI and SBP after additional adjustment for childhood SBP. bNet mediation effect of adult BMI after adjustment for adult SBP. cNet mediation effect of adult SBP after adjustment for adult BMI. β indicates standardized regression coefficient; β1, indirect effect 1; β2, indirect effect 2; βDir, direct effect; βInd, total indirect effect; βTot, total effect; AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Mediation effect of long-term burden of SBP on the association between long-term burden of BMI and adult LVMI. A, Mediation effect of total SBP AUC. B, Mediation effect of incremental SBP AUC. β indicates standardized regression coefficient; β1, indirect effect 1; β2, indirect effect 2; βDir, direct effect; βInd, total indirect effect; βTot, total effect; AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; and SBP, systolic blood pressure. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
Cross-lagged path analysis of childhood body mass index (BMI) and insulin (n=990), adjusted for age, race, sex, and follow-up years. β1 and β2 are cross-lagged path coefficients; r1 is synchronous correlations; r2 and r3 are tracking correlations; R2 is variance explained. Goodness-of-fit: root mean square residual=0.063 and comparative fit index=0.93. Coefficients different from 0: *P<0.01, †P<0.001 for difference between β1 and β2.
