The formula of blood pressure (BP) index. The figure shows 1 example of individual follow-up data of BP across 8 visits (Y0–Y25). The absolute differences of BP between successive BP measurements are shown as Δ1−Δ7. For example, Δ1 represents the difference in systolic BP (SBP) between Y0 and Y2 values. Average real variability is calculated as (Δ1+Δ2+Δ3+Δ4+Δ5+Δ6+Δ7)/7. The mean BP between successive BP measurements is shown as M1−M7. Cumulative exposure to BP was calculated as (M1×2 years+M2×3 years+M3×2 years+M4×3 years+M5×5 years+M6×5 years+M7×5 years) and is shown by the dotted area, representing in mm Hg×years. Maximum and minimum BP difference was calculated as maximum BP minus minimum BP for the entire follow-up. Average BP and SD were calculated from all 8 BP values from Y0 to Y25 for each individual, and coefficient of variation was calculated as SD/average BP.
Scores of cognitive function test in deciles of SDBP (A) and ARVBP (B). Bars represent means (95% confidence intervals) with adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and study site. P values were calculated by ANCOVA. ARV indicates average real variability; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; and RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
Unadjusted and Multivariable-Adjusted Linear Regression Models to Examine the Associations of Long-Term BPV Throughout Young Adulthood With Cognitive...Show More
Unadjusted and Multivariable-Adjusted Linear Regression Models to Examine the Associations of Long-Term BPV Throughout Young Adulthood With Cognitive Function in Midlife (n=2326)Show Less
The formula of blood pressure (BP) index. The figure shows 1 example of individual follow-up data of BP across 8 visits (Y0–Y25). The absolute differences of BP between successive BP measurements are shown as Δ1−Δ7. For example, Δ1 represents the difference in systolic BP (SBP) between Y0 and Y2 values. Average real variability is calculated as (Δ1+Δ2+Δ3+Δ4+Δ5+Δ6+Δ7)/7. The mean BP between successive BP measurements is shown as M1−M7. Cumulative exposure to BP was calculated as (M1×2 years+M2×3 years+M3×2 years+M4×3 years+M5×5 years+M6×5 years+M7×5 years) and is shown by the dotted area, representing in mm Hg×years. Maximum and minimum BP difference was calculated as maximum BP minus minimum BP for the entire follow-up. Average BP and SD were calculated from all 8 BP values from Y0 to Y25 for each individual, and coefficient of variation was calculated as SD/average BP.
Scores of cognitive function test in deciles of SDBP (A) and ARVBP (B). Bars represent means (95% confidence intervals) with adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and study site. P values were calculated by ANCOVA. ARV indicates average real variability; DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; and RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test.
Unadjusted and Multivariable-Adjusted Linear Regression Models to Examine the Associations of Long-Term BPV Throughout Young Adulthood With Cognitive...Show More
Unadjusted and Multivariable-Adjusted Linear Regression Models to Examine the Associations of Long-Term BPV Throughout Young Adulthood With Cognitive Function in Midlife (n=2326)Show Less
