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AHA Science Advisory

Resistance Exercise in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease

Benefits, Rationale, Safety, and Prescription An Advisory From the Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention, Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association

Michael L. Pollock, Barry A. Franklin, Gary J. Balady, Bernard L. Chaitman, Jerome L. Fleg, Barbara Fletcher, Marian Limacher, Ileana L. Piña, Richard A. Stein, Mark Williams and Terry Bazzarre
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.7.828
Circulation. 2000;101:828-833
Originally published February 22, 2000
Michael L. Pollock
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Barry A. Franklin
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Gary J. Balady
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Bernard L. Chaitman
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Jerome L. Fleg
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Barbara Fletcher
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Marian Limacher
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Ileana L. Piña
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Richard A. Stein
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Mark Williams
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Terry Bazzarre
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    • Health and Fitness Benefits of Resistance Training
    • Rationale for Resistance Training
    • Complementary Role of Stretching
    • Physiological Considerations
    • Safety of Resistance Training
    • Participation Criteria and Preliminary Instruction
    • Exercise Prescription for Resistance Training
    • Prescription for Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease
    • Prescription for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
    • Summary of Key Points
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Position paper endorsed by the American College of Sports Medicine

Although exercise programs have traditionally emphasized dynamic lower-extremity exercise, research increasingly suggests that complementary resistance training, when appropriately prescribed and supervised, has favorable effects on muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular function, metabolism, coronary risk factors, and psychosocial well-being. This advisory reviews the role of resistance training in persons with and without cardiovascular disease, with specific reference to health and fitness benefits, rationale, the complementary role of stretching, relevant physiological considerations, and safety. Participation criteria and prescriptive guidelines are also provided.

Health and Fitness Benefits of Resistance Training

Although resistance training has long been accepted as a means for developing and maintaining muscular strength, endurance, power, and muscle mass (hypertrophy),1 2 its beneficial relationship to health factors and chronic disease has been recognized only recently.3 4 5 Prior to 1990, resistance training was not a part of the recommended guidelines for exercise training and rehabilitation for either the American Heart Association or the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). In 1990, the ACSM first recognized resistance training as a significant component of a comprehensive fitness program for healthy adults of all ages.6

Both aerobic endurance exercise and resistance training can promote substantial benefits in physical fitness and health-related factors.3 5 Table 1⇓ summarizes these benefits and attempts to weigh them according to the current literature.3 Although both training modalities elicit benefits in most of the variables listed, the estimated weightings (ie, in terms of physiological benefits) are often substantially different. Aerobic endurance training weighs higher in the development of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and associated cardiopulmonary variables, and it more effectively modifies cardiovascular risk factors associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Resistance training offers greater development of muscular strength, endurance, and mass. It also assists in the …

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Circulation
February 22, 2000, Volume 101, Issue 7
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    • Health and Fitness Benefits of Resistance Training
    • Rationale for Resistance Training
    • Complementary Role of Stretching
    • Physiological Considerations
    • Safety of Resistance Training
    • Participation Criteria and Preliminary Instruction
    • Exercise Prescription for Resistance Training
    • Prescription for Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease
    • Prescription for Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
    • Summary of Key Points
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Tables
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    Resistance Exercise in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease
    Michael L. Pollock, Barry A. Franklin, Gary J. Balady, Bernard L. Chaitman, Jerome L. Fleg, Barbara Fletcher, Marian Limacher, Ileana L. Piña, Richard A. Stein, Mark Williams and Terry Bazzarre
    Circulation. 2000;101:828-833, originally published February 22, 2000
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.7.828

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    Resistance Exercise in Individuals With and Without Cardiovascular Disease
    Michael L. Pollock, Barry A. Franklin, Gary J. Balady, Bernard L. Chaitman, Jerome L. Fleg, Barbara Fletcher, Marian Limacher, Ileana L. Piña, Richard A. Stein, Mark Williams and Terry Bazzarre
    Circulation. 2000;101:828-833, originally published February 22, 2000
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.101.7.828
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