Published Online
on June 30, 2008

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 8, 2008

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Submitted on December 5, 2007
Accepted on April 25, 2008

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is Central to Cardioprotection. A New Paradigm for Ischemic Preconditioning

Tobias Eckle MD, PhD, David Köhler PhD, Rainer Lehmann MD, PhD, Karim C. El Kasmi MD, PhD, and Holger K. Eltzschig MD, PhD^*

From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (T.E., D.K., H.K.E.), and Department of Internal Medicine 4, Division of Clinical Chemistry (R.L.), University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany; and Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver (T.E., K.C.E.K., H.K.E.).

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: holger.eltzschig{at}uchsc.edu.

Background—Ischemic preconditioning provides strong cardioprotection from ischemia, but its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Convincing evidence confirms a central role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in mammalian oxygen homeostasis. Thus, we pursued HIF-1 as a central component of cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning.

Methods and Results—Murine studies of in situ preconditioning revealed a robust activation of cardiac HIF-1. Moreover, in vivo small interfering RNA repression of cardiac HIF-1 resulted in abolished cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. In contrast, pretreatment with the HIF activator dimethyloxalylglycine was associated with cardioprotection similar to that of ischemic preconditioning itself. Finally, selective small interfering RNA repression of prolylhydroxylase 2 resulted in significant activation of HIF-1 and attenuated myocardial infarct sizes (0.44±0.09-fold). As an end point of HIF-dependent cardioprotection, we defined the role of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) signaling. Although the cardiac A2BAR was induced with HIF activation, HIF-dependent cardioprotection was abolished in A2BAR^-/- mice.

Conclusion—Taken together, these studies provide evidence for a critical role of HIF-1 in ischemic preconditioning via enhancing purinergic signaling pathways.

Key words: adenosine • hypoxia-inducible factor 1 • ischemia • ischemic preconditioning • myocardial infarction

Related Article:

Clinical Summaries
Circulation 2008 118: 105-106. [Extract] [Full Text]

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