on July 2, 2007
Published online before print July 2, 2007, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.687947
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Submitted on January 2, 2007
From the University of Würzburg, University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, Würzburg, Germany (T.T., P.G., C.W., J.F, G.E., J.B.); University of Würzburg, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Junior Research Group Cardiac Wounding and Healing, Würzburg, Germany (T.T., J.F.); University of Würzburg, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, Microarray Core Facility, Würzburg, Germany (S.K.); Hubrecht Laboratory and the Heart Lung Institute, University of Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.W.v.L., P.A.D., C.L.M.); Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany (J.B.); Medical School Hannover, Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Hannover, Germany (A.H.); and University of Würzburg, Rudolf-Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Würzburg, Germany (C.G., S.E.). * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Thum_T{at}klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de.
Background--Chronic heart failure is characterized by left ventricular remodeling and reactivation of a fetal gene program; the underlying mechanisms are only partly understood. Here we provide evidence that cardiac microRNAs, recently discovered key regulators of gene expression, contribute to the transcriptional changes observed in heart failure. Methods and Results--Cardiac transcriptome analyses revealed striking similarities between fetal and failing human heart tissue. Using microRNA arrays, we discovered profound alterations of microRNA expression in failing hearts. These changes closely mimicked the microRNA expression pattern observed in fetal cardiac tissue. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated a striking concordance between regulated messenger RNA expression in heart failure and the presence of microRNA binding sites in the respective 3′ untranslated regions. Messenger RNAs upregulated in the failing heart contained preferentially binding sites for downregulated microRNAs and vice versa. Mechanistically, transfection of cardiomyocytes with a set of fetal microRNAs induced cellular hypertrophy as well as changes in gene expression comparable to the failing heart. Conclusions--Our data support a novel mode of regulation for the transcriptional changes in cardiac failure. Reactivation of a fetal microRNA program substantially contributes to alterations of gene expression in the failing human heart.
Accepted on May 11, 2007
MicroRNAs in the Human Heart. A Clue to Fetal Gene Reprogramming in Heart Failure
Thomas Thum MD*,
Key words: cardiomyopathy • heart failure • fetal heart • microRNAs
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