Published Online
on September 4, 2006

A more recent version of this article appeared on September 12, 2006

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Submitted on January 12, 2006
Revised on June 29, 2006
Accepted on July 6, 2006

Altered Creatine Kinase Adenosine Triphosphate Kinetics in Failing Hypertrophied Human Myocardium

Craig S. Smith MD, Paul A. Bottomley PhD, Steven P. Schulman MD, Gary Gerstenblith MD, and Robert G. Weiss MD^*

From the Department of Medicine (C.S.S., S.P.S., G.G., R.G.W.), Cardiology Division, and Department of Radiology (P.A.B.), Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Md.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rweiss{at}jhmi.edu.

Background--The progression of pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to chronic heart failure (CHF) may involve a relative deficit in energy supply and/or delivery.

Methods and Results--We measured myocardial creatine kinase (CK) metabolite concentrations and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through CK, the primary energy reserve of the heart, to test the hypothesis that ATP flux through CK is impaired in patients with LVH and CHF. Myocardial ATP levels were normal, but creatine phosphate levels were 35% lower in LVH patients (n=10) than in normal subjects (n=14, P<0.006). Left ventricular mass and CK metabolite levels in LVH were not different from those in patients with LVH and heart failure (LVH+CHF, n=10); however, the myocardial CK pseudo first-order rate constant was normal in LVH (0.36±0.04 s^-1 in LVH versus 0.32±0.06 s^-1 in normal subjects) but halved in LVH+CHF (0.17±0.06 s^-1, P<0.001). The net ATP flux through CK was significantly reduced by 30% in LVH (2.2±0.7 µmol · g^-1 · s^-1, P=0.011) and by a dramatic 65% in LVH+CHF (1.1±0.4 µmol · g^-1 · s^-1, P<0.001) compared with normal subjects (3.1±0.8 µmol · g^-1 · s^-1).

Conclusions--These first observations in human LVH demonstrate that it is not the relative or absolute CK metabolite pool sizes but rather the kinetics of ATP turnover through CK that distinguish failing from nonfailing hypertrophic hearts. Moreover, the deficit in ATP kinetics is similar in systolic and nonsystolic heart failure and is not related to the severity of hypertrophy but to the presence of CHF. Because CK temporally buffers ATP, these observations support the hypothesis that a deficit in myofibrillar energy delivery contributes to CHF pathophysiology in human LVH.

Key words: hypertrophy • adenosine triphosphate • heart failure • creatine kinase • magnetic resonance spectroscopy • metabolism

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