on December 27, 2005
Circulation. 2005
Published online before print December 27, 2005, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016
Published online before print December 27, 2005, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.171016
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Submitted on ,
Abstract--Obesity is becoming a global epidemic in both children and adults. It is associated with numerous comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers, and sleep apnea/sleep-disordered breathing. In fact, obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD, and CVD risks have also been documented in obese children. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality as well as reduced life expectancy. Health service use and medical costs associated with obesity and related diseases have risen dramatically and are expected to continue to rise. Besides an altered metabolic profile, a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure and function occur in the individual as adipose tissue accumulates in excess amounts, even in the absence of comorbidities. Hence, obesity may affect the heart through its influence on known risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, inflammatory markers, obstructive sleep apnea/hypoventilation, and the prothrombotic state, in addition to as-yet-unrecognized mechanisms. On the whole, overweight and obesity predispose to or are associated with numerous cardiac complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and sudden death because of their impact on the cardiovascular system. The pathophysiology of these entities that are linked to obesity will be discussed. However, the cardiovascular clinical evaluation of obese patients may be limited because of the morphology of the individual. In this statement, we review the available evidence of the impact of obesity on CVD with emphasis on the evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese patients and the effect of weight loss on the cardiovascular system.
Accepted on ,
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Effect of Weight Loss. An Update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease From the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism
Paul Poirier MD, PhD, FCRPC,
Key words: AHA Scientific Statements • obesity • cardiovascular diseases • heart diseases • diagnosis
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P. Barter, Y. R. McPherson, K. Song, Y. A. Kesaniemi, R. Mahley, G. Waeber, T. Bersot, V. Mooser, D. Waterworth, and S. M. Grundy Serum Insulin and Inflammatory Markers in Overweight Individuals with and without Dyslipidemia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2041 - 2045. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. J. Balady, M. A. Williams, P. A. Ades, V. Bittner, P. Comoss, J. M. Foody, B. Franklin, B. Sanderson, and D. Southard Core Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation/Secondary Prevention Programs: 2007 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee, the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Councils on Cardiovascular Nursing, Epidemiology and Prevention, and Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; and the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Circulation, May 22, 2007; 115(20): 2675 - 2682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. G. Smith, P. A. Sheridan, J. B. Harp, and M. A. Beck Diet-Induced Obese Mice Have Increased Mortality and Altered Immune Responses When Infected with Influenza Virus J. Nutr., May 1, 2007; 137(5): 1236 - 1243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. D Stein, H. S Kahn, A. Rundle, P. A Zybert, K. van der Pal de Bruin, and L. Lumey Anthropometric measures in middle age after exposure to famine during gestation: evidence from the Dutch famine Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2007; 85(3): 869 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Bjursell, A. Ahnmark, M. Bohlooly-Y, L. William-Olsson, M. Rhedin, X.-R. Peng, K. Ploj, A.-K. Gerdin, G. Arnerup, A. Elmgren, et al. Opposing Effects of Adiponectin Receptors 1 and 2 on Energy Metabolism Diabetes, March 1, 2007; 56(3): 583 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Wu, S. Ghosh, X. D. Perrard, L. Feng, G. E. Garcia, J. L. Perrard, J. F. Sweeney, L. E. Peterson, L. Chan, C. W. Smith, et al. T-Cell Accumulation and Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted Upregulation in Adipose Tissue in Obesity Circulation, February 27, 2007; 115(8): 1029 - 1038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Huybrechts, D. De Bacquer, I. Van Trimpont, G. De Backer, and S. De Henauw Validity of Parentally Reported Weight and Height for Preschool-Aged Children in Belgium and Its Impact on Classification Into Body Mass Index Categories Pediatrics, November 1, 2006; 118(5): 2109 - 2118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. H. Eckel, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and R. A. Rizza Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A call to action from the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association Diabetes Care, July 1, 2006; 29(7): 1697 - 1699. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. H. Eckel, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and R. A. Rizza Preventing Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Call to Action From the American Diabetes Association and the American Heart Association Circulation, June 27, 2006; 113(25): 2943 - 2946. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Poirier Recurrent cardiovascular events in contemporary cardiology: obesity patients should not rest in PEACE Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2006; 27(12): 1390 - 1391. [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Poirier, T. D. Giles, G. A. Bray, Y. Hong, J. S. Stern, F. X. Pi-Sunyer, and R. H. Eckel Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2006; 26(5): 968 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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