From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.Z., K.B.M.), Surgery (V.J.),
and Physiology (S.R.H.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia,
Pa.
Correspondence to Kenneth B. Margulies, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Room 318, OMS Building, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140. E-mail margul{at}astro.ocis.temple.edu
Background—Although multiple studies
have shown that the left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
improves distorted cardiac geometry, the pathological mechanisms of the
"reverse remodeling" of the heart are unknown. Our goal was to
determine the effects of LVAD support on cardiac myocyte size and
shape.
Methods and Results—Isolated myocytes were obtained at cardiac
transplantation from 30 failing hearts (12 ischemic, 18
nonischemic) without LVAD support, 10 failing hearts that
received LVAD support for 75±15 days, and 6 nonfailing hearts. Cardiac
myocyte volume, length, width, and thickness were determined by use of
previously validated techniques. Isolated myocytes from myopathic
hearts exhibited increased volume, length, width, and
length-to-thickness ratio compared with normal myocytes
(P<0.05). However, there were no differences in any
parameter between myocytes from ischemic and
nonischemic cardiomyopathic hearts.
Long-term LVAD support resulted in a 28% reduction in myocyte
volume, 20% reduction in cell length, 20% reduction in cell width,
and 32% reduction in cell length-to-thickness ratio
(P<0.05). In contrast, LVAD support was associated with
no change in cell thickness. These cellular changes were associated
with reductions in left ventricular dilation and left
ventricular mass measured
echocardiographically in 6 of 10 LVAD-supported
patients.
Conclusions—These studies suggest that the regression of cellular
hypertrophy is a major contributor to the "reverse
remodeling" of the heart after LVAD implantation. The favorable
alterations in geometry that occur in parallel fashion at both the
organ and cellular levels may contribute to reduced wall stress and
improved mechanical performance after LVAD support.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports
Regression of Cellular Hypertrophy After Left Ventricular Assist Device Support
Key Words: heart-assist device • myocytes • cardiomyopathy • hypertrophy
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. R. McGaffin, C. S. Moravec, and C. F. McTiernan Leptin Signaling in the Failing and Mechanically Unloaded Human Heart Circ Heart Fail, November 1, 2009; 2(6): 676 - 683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sengupta, J. D. Molkentin, and K. E. Yutzey FoxO Transcription Factors Promote Autophagy in Cardiomyocytes J. Biol. Chem., October 9, 2009; 284(41): 28319 - 28331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Willis, M. Rojas, L. Li, C. H. Selzman, R.-H. Tang, W. E. Stansfield, J. E. Rodriguez, D. J. Glass, and C. Patterson Muscle ring finger 1 mediates cardiac atrophy in vivo Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2009; 296(4): H997 - H1006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Matkovich, D. J. Van Booven, K. A. Youker, G. Torre-Amione, A. Diwan, W. H. Eschenbacher, L. E. Dorn, M. A. Watson, K. B. Margulies, and G. W. Dorn II Reciprocal Regulation of Myocardial microRNAs and Messenger RNA in Human Cardiomyopathy and Reversal of the microRNA Signature by Biomechanical Support Circulation, March 10, 2009; 119(9): 1263 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Brinks, H. Tevaearai, C. Muhlfeld, D. Bertschi, B. Gahl, T. Carrel, and M.-N. Giraud Contractile function is preserved in unloaded hearts despite atrophic remodeling. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2009; 137(3): 742 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Qanud, M. Mamdani, M. Pepe, R. J. Khairallah, J. Gravel, B. Lei, S. A. Gupte, V. G. Sharov, H. N. Sabbah, W. C. Stanley, et al. Reverse changes in cardiac substrate oxidation in dogs recovering from heart failure Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2008; 295(5): H2098 - H2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. A. Bullard, T. L. Protack, F. Aguilar, S. Bagwe, H. T. Massey, and B. C. Blaxall Identification of Nogo as a novel indicator of heart failure Physiol Genomics, January 17, 2008; 32(2): 182 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. George and M. C. Oz Myocardial Revascularization after Acute Myocardial Infarction Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 669 - 696. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. K. Yang, B. Y. Choi, Y.-H. Lee, Y.-G. Kim, M.-C. Cho, S.-E. Hong, D. H. Kim, R. J. Hajjar, and W. J. Park Gene profiling during regression of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy Physiol Genomics, June 19, 2007; 30(1): 1 - 7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Maybaum, D. Mancini, S. Xydas, R. C. Starling, K. Aaronson, F. D. Pagani, L. W. Miller, K. Margulies, S. McRee, O.H. Frazier, et al. Cardiac Improvement During Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Prospective Multicenter Study of the LVAD Working Group Circulation, May 15, 2007; 115(19): 2497 - 2505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Travis, G. A. Giridharan, G. M. Pantalos, R. D. Dowling, S. D. Prabhu, M. S. Slaughter, M. Sobieski, A. Undar, D. J. Farrar, and S. C. Koenig Vascular pulsatility in patients with a pulsatile- or continuous-flow ventricular assist device J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2007; 133(2): 517 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wohlschlaeger, K. J. Schmitz, J. Palatty, A. Takeda, N. Takeda, C. Vahlhaus, B. Levkau, J. Stypmann, C. Schmid, K. W. Schmid, et al. Roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphorylated Akt ( T hr308) in cardiac hypertrophy regression mediated by left-ventricular unloading J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., January 1, 2007; 133(1): 37 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. J. Birks, P. D. Tansley, J. Hardy, R. S. George, C. T. Bowles, M. Burke, N. R. Banner, A. Khaghani, and M. H. Yacoub Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy for the Reversal of Heart Failure N. Engl. J. Med., November 2, 2006; 355(18): 1873 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-P. Jiang, L. M. Ballou, Z. Lu, Li Wan, D. J. Kelly, I. S. Cohen, and R. Z. Lin Reversible Heart Failure in G{alpha}q Transgenic Mice J. Biol. Chem., October 6, 2006; 281(40): 29988 - 29992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Jung, H. Kubo, R. Wilson, S. R. Houser, and K. B. Margulies Modulation of contractility by myocyte-derived arginase in normal and hypertrophied feline myocardium Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): H1756 - H1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Fan, Y.-P. Jiang, Z. Lu, D. W. Martin, D. J. Kelly, J. M. Zuckerman, L. M. Ballou, I. S. Cohen, and R. Z. Lin A Transgenic Mouse Model of Heart Failure Using Inducible G{alpha}q J. Biol. Chem., December 2, 2005; 280(48): 40337 - 40346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Wohlschlaeger, K. J. Schmitz, C. Schmid, K. W. Schmid, P. Keul, A. Takeda, S. Weis, B. Levkau, and H. A. Baba Reverse remodeling following insertion of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD): A review of the morphological and molecular changes Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2005; 68(3): 376 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-D. Tang, J. A. Kuzman, S. Said, B. E. Anderson, X. Wang, and A. M. Gerdes Low Thyroid Function Leads to Cardiac Atrophy With Chamber Dilatation, Impaired Myocardial Blood Flow, Loss of Arterioles, and Severe Systolic Dysfunction Circulation, November 15, 2005; 112(20): 3122 - 3130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Simon, R. L. Kormos, S. Murali, P. Nair, M. Heffernan, J. Gorcsan, S. Winowich, and D. M. McNamara Myocardial Recovery Using Ventricular Assist Devices: Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9_suppl): I-32 - I-36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Klotz, R. F. Foronjy, M. L. Dickstein, A. Gu, I. M. Garrelds, A.H. Jan Danser, M. C. Oz, J. D'Armiento, and D. Burkhoff Mechanical Unloading During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Increases Left Ventricular Collagen Cross-Linking and Myocardial Stiffness Circulation, July 19, 2005; 112(3): 364 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Skurk, Y. Izumiya, H. Maatz, P. Razeghi, I. Shiojima, M. Sandri, K. Sato, L. Zeng, S. Schiekofer, D. Pimentel, et al. The FOXO3a Transcription Factor Regulates Cardiac Myocyte Size Downstream of AKT Signaling J. Biol. Chem., May 27, 2005; 280(21): 20814 - 20823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. B. Margulies, S. Matiwala, C. Cornejo, H. Olsen, W. A. Craven, and D. Bednarik Mixed Messages: Transcription Patterns in Failing and Recovering Human Myocardium Circ. Res., March 18, 2005; 96(5): 592 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. R. Soppa, R. T. Smolenski, N. Latif, A. H. Y. Yuen, A. Malik, J. Karbowska, Z. Kochan, C. M. N. Terracciano, and M. H. Yacoub Effects of chronic administration of clenbuterol on function and metabolism of adult rat cardiac muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2005; 288(3): H1468 - H1476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. T. Gan, V. Rajapurohitam, J. V. Haist, P. Chidiac, M. A. Cook, and M. Karmazyn Inhibition of Phenylephrine-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Activation of Multiple Adenosine Receptor Subtypes J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2005; 312(1): 27 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Lisy, M. M. Redfield, J. A. Schirger, and J. C. Burnett Jr. Atrial BNP endocrine function during chronic unloading of the normal canine heart Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): R158 - R162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W. Chaudhary, E. I. Rossman, V. Piacentino III, A. Kenessey, C. Weber, J. P. Gaughan, K. Ojamaa, I. Klein, D. M. Bers, S. R. Houser, et al. Altered myocardial Ca2+ cycling after left ventricular assist device support in the failing human heart J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 18, 2004; 44(4): 837 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Pieske Reverse remodeling in heart failure - fact or fiction? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., August 1, 2004; 6(suppl_D): D66 - D78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Elsherif, L. Wang, J. T. Saari, and Y. J. Kang Regression of Dietary Copper Restriction-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Copper Repletion in Mice J. Nutr., April 1, 2004; 134(4): 855 - 860. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Margulies Blocking Stretch-Induced Myocardial Remodeling Circ. Res., November 28, 2003; 93(11): 1020 - 1022. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Chen, S. Park, Y. Li, E. Missov, M. Hou, X. Han, J. L. Hall, L. W. Miller, and R. J. Bache Alterations of gene expression in failing myocardium following left ventricular assist device support Physiol Genomics, August 15, 2003; 14(3): 251 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. A. Baba, J. Stypmann, F. Grabellus, P. Kirchhof, A. Sokoll, M. Schafers, A. Takeda, M. J. Wilhelm, H. H. Scheld, N. Takeda, et al. Dynamic regulation of MEK/Erks and Akt/GSK-3{beta} in human end-stage heart failure after left ventricular mechanical support: myocardial mechanotransduction-sensitivity as a possible molecular mechanism Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2003; 59(2): 390 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-l. He, J. Shimizu, G.-h. Yi, A. Gu, M. A. Kashem, D. L. Crabbe, S. Popilskis, E. X. Wu, W. P. Santamore, D. Melvin, et al. Left ventricular systolic performance in failing heart improved acutely by left ventricular reshaping J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 2003; 126(1): 56 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. F. Hon and M. H. Yacoub Bridge to recovery with the use of left ventricular assist device and clenbuterol Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2003; 75(90060): S36 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. S. McGowan, C. B. Scott, A. Mu, R. J. McCormick, D. P. Thomas, and K. B. Margulies Unloading-induced remodeling in the normal and hypertrophic left ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): H2061 - H2068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Piacentino III, C. R. Weber, X. Chen, J. Weisser-Thomas, K. B. Margulies, D. M. Bers, and S. R. Houser Cellular Basis of Abnormal Calcium Transients of Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes Circ. Res., April 4, 2003; 92(6): 651 - 658. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Blaxall, B. M. Tschannen-Moran, C. A. Milano, and W. J. Koch Differential gene expression and genomic patient stratification following left ventricular assist device support J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 2, 2003; 41(7): 1096 - 1106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Bristow Microarray measurements of gene expression before and after left ventricular assist device placement J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 2, 2003; 41(7): 1107 - 1108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Crabbe, K. Dipla, S. Ambati, A. Zafeiridis, J. P. Gaughan, S. R. Houser, and K. B. Margulies Gender differences in post-infarction hypertrophy in end-stage failing hearts J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2003; 41(2): 300 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Kukuy, M. C. Oz, and Y. Naka Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2003; 2(2003): 1491 - 1506. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. T. Tevaearai, G. B. Walton, A. D. Eckhart, J. R. Keys, and W. J. Koch Heterotopic transplantation as a model to study functional recovery of unloaded failing hearts J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., December 1, 2002; 124(6): 1149 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.E. Bowles The molecular biology of dilated cardiomyopathy Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2002; 4(suppl_I): I2 - I7. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Chironi, A. Simon, N. Denarie, B. Vedie, V. Sene, J.-l. Megnien, and J. Levenson Determinants of Progression of Coronary Artery Calcifications in Asymptomatic Men at High Cardiovascular Risk Angiology, November 1, 2002; 53(6): 677 - 683. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Delgado, V. Rao, H. J. Ross, S. Verma, and N. G. Smedira Mechanical Circulatory Assistance: State of Art Circulation, October 15, 2002; 106(16): 2046 - 2050. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. THUM and J. BORLAK Testosterone, cytochrome P450, and cardiac hypertrophy FASEB J, October 1, 2002; 16(12): 1537 - 1549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Chen, V. Piacentino III, S. Furukawa, B. Goldman, K. B. Margulies, and S. R. Houser L-Type Ca2+ Channel Density and Regulation Are Altered in Failing Human Ventricular Myocytes and Recover After Support With Mechanical Assist Devices Circ. Res., September 20, 2002; 91(6): 517 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. F. Saavedra, R. S. Tunin, N. Paolocci, T. Mishima, G. Suzuki, C. W. Emala, P. A. Chaudhry, P. Anagnostopoulos, R. C. Gupta, H. N. Sabbah, et al. Reverse remodeling and enhancedadrenergic reserve from passive externalsupport in experimental dilated heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 19, 2002; 39(12): 2069 - 2076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. de Jonge, D. F. van Wichen, M. E. I. Schipper, J. R. Lahpor, F. H. J. Gmelig-Meyling, E. O. Robles de Medina, and R. A. de Weger Left ventricular assist device in end-stage heart failure: persistence of structural myocyte damage after unloading: An immunohistochemical analysis of the contractile myofilaments J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2002; 39(6): 963 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Grabellus, B. Levkau, A. Sokoll, H. Welp, C. Schmid, M. C Deng, A. Takeda, G. Breithardt, and H. A Baba Reversible activation of nuclear factor-{kappa}B in human end-stage heart failure after left ventricular mechanical support Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2002; 53(1): 124 - 130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sodian, M. Loebe, C. Schmitt, E. V. Potapov, H. Siniawski, J. Muller, H. Hausmann, H. R. Zurbruegg, Y. Weng, and R. Hetzer Decreased plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide as a potential indicator of cardiac recovery in patients supported by mechanical circulatory assist systems J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 1942 - 1949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Harding, V. Piacentino III, J. P. Gaughan, S. R. Houser, and K. B. Margulies Electrophysiological Alterations After Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients With Advanced Cardiac Failure Circulation, September 11, 2001; 104(11): 1241 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Mann and H. Taegtmeyer Dynamic Regulation of the Extracellular Matrix After Mechanical Unloading of the Failing Human Heart: Recovering the Missing Link in Left Ventricular Remodeling Circulation, September 4, 2001; 104(10): 1089 - 1091. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Y. Li, Y. Feng, C. F. McTiernan, W. Pei, C. S. Moravec, P. Wang, W. Rosenblum, R. L. Kormos, and A. M. Feldman Downregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Reduction in Collagen Damage in the Failing Human Heart After Support With Left Ventricular Assist Devices Circulation, September 4, 2001; 104(10): 1147 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. Welsh, K. Dipla, P. H. McNulty, A. Mu, K. M. Ojamaa, I. Klein, S. R. Houser, and K. B. Margulies Preserved contractile function despite atrophic remodeling in unloaded rat hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): H1131 - H1136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Ogletree-Hughes, L. B. Stull, W. E. Sweet, N. G. Smedira, P. M. McCarthy, and C. S. Moravec Mechanical Unloading Restores {beta}-Adrenergic Responsiveness and Reverses Receptor Downregulation in the Failing Human Heart Circulation, August 21, 2001; 104(8): 881 - 886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Madigan, A. Barbone, A. F. Choudhri, D. L. S. Morales, B. Cai, M. C. Oz, and D. Burkhoff Time course of reverse remodeling of the left ventricle during support with a left ventricular assist device J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., May 1, 2001; 121(5): 902 - 908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. S. Kumpati, P. M. McCarthy, and K. J. Hoercher Left ventricular assist device bridge to recovery: a review of the current status Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2001; 71 (2007): S103 - S108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Heerdt, J. W. Holmes, B. Cai, A. Barbone, J. D. Madigan, S. Reiken, D. L. Lee, M. C. Oz, A. R. Marks, and D. Burkhoff Chronic Unloading by Left Ventricular Assist Device Reverses Contractile Dysfunction and Alters Gene Expression in End-Stage Heart Failure Circulation, November 28, 2000; 102(22): 2713 - 2719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Feldman and D. McNamara Myocarditis N. Engl. J. Med., November 9, 2000; 343(19): 1388 - 1398. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tamura, S. Said, J. Harris, W. Lu, and A. M. Gerdes Reverse Remodeling of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy in Hypertension and Failure by Targeting of the Renin-Angiotensin System Circulation, July 11, 2000; 102(2): 253 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Takeishi, T. Jalili, B. D. Hoit, D. L. Kirkpatrick, L. E. Wagoner, W. T. Abraham, and R. A. Walsh Alterations in Ca2+ cycling proteins and G{alpha}q signaling after left ventricular assist device support in failing human hearts Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2000; 45(4): 883 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Shah, R. E. Lilly, A. P. Kypson, O. Tai, J. A. Hata, A. Pippen, S. C. Silvestry, R. J. Lefkowitz, D. D. Glower, and W. J. Koch Intracoronary Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery and Overexpression of the {beta}2-Adrenergic Receptor in the Heart : Prospects for Molecular Ventricular Assistance Circulation, February 1, 2000; 101(4): 408 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Jalili, Y. Takeishi, and R. A Walsh Signal transduction during cardiac hypertrophy: the role of G{alpha}q, PLC {beta}I, and PKC Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 1999; 44(1): 5 - 9. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Torre-Amione, S. J. Stetson, K. A. Youker, J.-B. Durand, B. Radovancevic, R. M. Delgado, O. H. Frazier, M. L. Entman, and G. P. Noon Decreased Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} in Failing Human Myocardium After Mechanical Circulatory Support : A Potential Mechanism for Cardiac Recovery Circulation, September 14, 1999; 100(11): 1189 - 1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Deng, T. D.T. Tjan, B. Asfour, and H. H. Scheld Left ventricular assist devices -- reasons to be enthusiastic Eur J Heart Fail, August 31, 1999; 1(3): 289 - 291. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Katz Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy : New Hope for Dying Hearts Circulation, August 18, 1998; 98(7): 623 - 624. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|