From the Departments of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Medicine, College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY.
Correspondence to Michael R. Rosen, MD, Gustavus A. Pfeiffer Professor of Pharmacology, Professor of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Department of Pharmacology, 630 W 168 St, PH 7West-321, New York, NY 10032. E-mail franeye{at}cudept.cis.columbia.edu
Background—Cardiac memory (CM)
refers to T-wave changes induced by ventricular pacing or
arrhythmia that accumulate in magnitude and duration with
repeated episodes of abnormal activation. We report herein the kinetics
of long-term CM and its association with the ventricular
action potential.
Methods and Results—Dogs were paced from the ventricles at rates
of 110 to 120 bpm for
Conclusions—CM is a dynamic process for which the final T vector
is predicted by the paced QRS vector and which is associated with
significant changes in epicardial and endocardial but not midmyocardial
cell action potential duration, such that the transmural gradient of
repolarization is altered. It is unaccompanied by evidence of altered
hemodynamics or flow, requires a change in pathway of
activation, and appears to require new protein synthesis.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports
Evolution and Resolution of Long-term Cardiac Memory
3 weeks. CM characterized by gradual sinus
rhythm T vector rotation toward the paced QRS vector evolved in all
dogs regardless of pacing site (left ventricular [LV]
anterior apex or base, posterior LV, or right ventricular
free wall). Cardiac hemodynamics and myocardial flow
(microsphere studies) were unaltered by the pacing. Recovery
time for the memory T wave to return to control increased with duration
of the previous pacing. The protein synthesis inhibitor
cycloheximide markedly (P<.05) and reproducibly
attenuated evolution of CM. When pacing was performed from the atrium,
CM did not occur. Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study
action potential from the LV free wall of control and CM dogs. CM was
associated with increased action potential duration in epicardial and
endocardial but not midmyocardial cells, significantly altering the
transmyocardial gradient for repolarization.
Key Words: action potentials • electrocardiography • electrophysiology • T-waves • pacing
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D. Jeyaraj, L. D. Wilson, J. Zhong, C. Flask, J. E. Saffitz, I. Deschenes, X. Yu, and D. S. Rosenbaum Mechanoelectrical Feedback as Novel Mechanism of Cardiac Electrical Remodeling Circulation, June 26, 2007; 115(25): 3145 - 3155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Coronel, T. Opthof, A. N. Plotnikov, F. J.G. Wilms-Schopman, I. N. Shlapakova, P. Danilo Jr., E. A. Sosunov, E. P. Anyukhovsky, M. J. Janse, and M. R. Rosen Long-term cardiac memory in canine heart is associated with the evolution of a transmural repolarization gradient Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2007; 74(3): 416 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-k. Wei, A. M. Ruknudin, M. Shou, J. M. McCurley, S. U. Hanlon, E. Elgin, D. H. Schulze, and M. C.P. Haigney Muscarinic Modulation of the Sodium-Calcium Exchanger in Heart Failure Circulation, March 13, 2007; 115(10): 1225 - 1233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. N. Obreztchikova, K. W. Patberg, A. N. Plotnikov, N. Ozgen, I. N. Shlapakova, A. V. Rybin, E. A. Sosunov, P. Danilo Jr., E. P. Anyukhovsky, R. B. Robinson, et al. IKr contributes to the altered ventricular repolarization that determines long-term cardiac memory Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2006; 71(1): 88 - 96. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Rosen and I. S. Cohen Cardiac memory ... new insights into molecular mechanisms J. Physiol., January 15, 2006; 570(2): 209 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Patberg, M. N. Obreztchikova, S. F. Giardina, A. J. Symes, A. N. Plotnikov, J. Qu, P. Chandra, D. McKinnon, S. R. Liou, A. V. Rybin, et al. The cAMP response element binding protein modulates expression of the transient outward current: Implications for cardiac memory Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2005; 68(2): 259 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Janse, E. A. Sosunov, R. Coronel, T. Opthof, E. P. Anyukhovsky, J. M.T. de Bakker, A. N. Plotnikov, I. N. Shlapakova, P. Danilo Jr, J. G.P. Tijssen, et al. Repolarization Gradients in the Canine Left Ventricle Before and After Induction of Short-Term Cardiac Memory Circulation, September 20, 2005; 112(12): 1711 - 1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Madias, A. Shvilkin, K. K.L. Ho, M. E. Josephson, and M. R. Rosen Letter Regarding Article by Shvilkin et al, "T-Vector Direction Differentiates Postpacing From Ischemic T Wave Inversion in Precordial Leads" * Response Circulation, July 19, 2005; 112(3): e52 - e52. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Spragg, F. G. Akar, R. H. Helm, R. S. Tunin, G. F. Tomaselli, and D. A. Kass Abnormal conduction and repolarization in late-activated myocardium of dyssynchronously contracting hearts Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2005; 67(1): 77 - 86. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shvilkin, K. K.L. Ho, M. R. Rosen, and M. E. Josephson T-Vector Direction Differentiates Postpacing From Ischemic T-Wave Inversion in Precordial Leads Circulation, March 1, 2005; 111(8): 969 - 974. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nahlawi, M. Waligora, S. M. Spies, R. O. Bonow, A. H. Kadish, and J. J. Goldberger Left ventricular function during and after right ventricular pacing J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 2, 2004; 44(9): 1883 - 1888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Plotnikov, E. A. Sosunov, K. W. Patberg, E. P. Anyukhovsky, R. Z. Gainullin, I. N. Shlapakova, G. Krishnamurthy, P. Danilo Jr, and M. R. Rosen Cardiac Memory Evolves With Age in Association With Development of the Transient Outward Current Circulation, August 3, 2004; 110(5): 489 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Libbus, X. Wan, and D. S. Rosenbaum Electrotonic load triggers remodeling of repolarizing current Ito in ventricle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): H1901 - H1909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zoghi and S. Nalbantgil Electrical stunning and hibernation: suggestion of new terms for short- and long-term cardiac memory Europace, January 1, 2004; 6(5): 418 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Chandra, T. S Rosen, B. Herweg, P. Danilo Jr., and M. R Rosen Left atrial pacing induces memory and is associated with atrial tachyarrhythmias Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2003; 60(2): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Rosen, O. Binah, and S. Marom Cardiac Memory and Cortical Memory: Do Learning Patterns in Neural Networks Impact on Cardiac Arrhythmias? Circulation, October 14, 2003; 108(15): 1784 - 1789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W. Patberg, A. N. Plotnikov, A. Quamina, R. Z. Gainullin, A. Rybin, P. Danilo Jr, L. S. Sun, and M. R. Rosen Cardiac Memory Is Associated With Decreased Levels of the Transcriptional Factor CREB Modulated by Angiotensin II and Calcium Circ. Res., September 5, 2003; 93(5): 472 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Plotnikov, H. Yu, J. C. Geller, R. Z. Gainullin, P. Chandra, K. W. Patberg, S. Friezema, P. Danilo Jr, I. S. Cohen, S. J. Feinmark, et al. Role of L-Type Calcium Channels in Pacing-Induced Short-Term and Long-Term Cardiac Memory in Canine Heart Circulation, June 10, 2003; 107(22): 2844 - 2849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Rosen The Electrocardiogram 100 Years Later: Electrical Insights Into Molecular Messages Circulation, October 22, 2002; 106(17): 2173 - 2179. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members of the Sicilian Gambit New Approaches to Antiarrhythmic Therapy, Part I: Emerging Therapeutic Applications of the Cell Biology of Cardiac Arrhythmias Circulation, December 4, 2001; 104(23): 2865 - 2873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Members of the Sicilian Gambit New approaches to antiarrhythmic therapy; emerging therapeutic applications of the cell biology of cardiac arrhythmias Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2001; 22(23): 2148 - 2163. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Members of the Sicilian Gambit New approaches to antiarrhythmic therapy: emerging therapeutic applications of the cell biology of cardiac arrhythmias Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2001; 52(3): 345 - 360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N Plotnikov, A. Shvilkin, W. Xiong, J. R de Groot, L. Rosenshtraukh, S. Feinmark, R. Gainullin, P. Danilo Jr., and M. R Rosen Interactions between antiarrhythmic drugs and cardiac memory Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2001; 50(2): 335 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bode, M. Kilborn, P. Karasik, and M. R. Franz The repolarization-excitability relationship in the human right atrium is unaffected by cycle length, recording site and prior arrhythmias J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 2001; 37(3): 920 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Herweg, F. Chang, P. Chandra, P. Danilo Jr, and M. R. Rosen Cardiac Memory in Canine Atrium : Identification and Implications Circulation, January 23, 2001; 103(3): 455 - 461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.J. Camm, M.J. Janse, D.M. Roden, M.R. Rosen, J. Cinca, and S.M. Cobbe Congenital and acquired long QT syndrome Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2000; 21(15): 1232 - 1237. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Nielsen, M. Bottcher, T. Toftegaard Nielsen, A. K. Pedersen, and H. R. Andersen Regional myocardial blood flow in patients with sick sinus syndrome randomized to long-term single chamber atrial or dual chamber pacing--effect of pacing mode and rate J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2000; 35(6): 1453 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Littmann Large T wave inversion and QT prolongation associated with pulmonary edema: A report of nine cases J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1106 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yu, D. McKinnon, J. E. Dixon, J. Gao, R. Wymore, I. S. Cohen, P. Danilo Jr, A. Shvilkin, E. P. Anyukhovsky, E. A. Sosunov, et al. Transient Outward Current, Ito1, Is Altered in Cardiac Memory Circulation, April 13, 1999; 99(14): 1898 - 1905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Rosen, I. S. Cohen, P. Danilo Jr., and S. F. Steinberg The heart remembers Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1998; 40(3): 469 - 482. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|