| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 1997;96:1755-1760.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Active Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Inversely Correlated With Coronary Calcification
From the Division of Cardiology (K.E.W., M.L.A., L.L.M., L.L.D.), Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine; Molecular Disease Branch (J.M.H.), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; and Division of Cardiology (T.D., R.D.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center.
Correspondence to Karol E. Watson, MD, 47-123 Center for Health Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail kwatson{at}medicine.medsch.ucla.edu
Background Arterial calcification is a common feature of atherosclerosis, occurring in >90% of angiographically significant lesions. Recent evidence from this and other studies suggests that development of atherosclerotic calcification is similar to osteogenesis; thus, we undertook the current investigation on the potential role of osteoregulatory factors in arterial calcification.
Methods and Results We studied two human populations (173
subjects) at high and moderate risk for coronary heart disease
and assessed them for associations between vascular calcification and
serum levels of the osteoregulatory molecules osteocalcin, parathyroid
hormone, and 1
,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-vitamin D).
Our results revealed that 1,25-vitamin D levels are inversely
correlated with the extent of vascular calcification in both groups. No
correlations were found between extent of calcification and levels of
osteocalcin or parathyroid hormone.
Conclusions These data suggest a possible role for vitamin D in the development of vascular calcification. Vitamin D is also known to be important in bone mineralization; thus, 1,25-vitamin D may be one factor to explain the long observed association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification.
Key Words: calcium • coronary disease • hypercholesterolemia
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  C J Ferro, C D Chue, R P Steeds, and J N Townend Is lowering phosphate exposure the key to preventing arterial stiffening with age? Heart, November 1, 2009; 95(21): 1770 - 1772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Kilkkinen, P. Knekt, A. Aro, H. Rissanen, J. Marniemi, M. Heliovaara, O. Impivaara, and A. Reunanen Vitamin D Status and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Death Am. J. Epidemiol., October 15, 2009; 170(8): 1032 - 1039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Tarcin, D. G. Yavuz, B. Ozben, A. Telli, A. V. Ogunc, M. Yuksel, A. Toprak, D. Yazici, S. Sancak, O. Deyneli, et al. Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency and Replacement on Endothelial Function in Asymptomatic Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2009; 94(10): 4023 - 4030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Johal and A. Levin Vitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone in General Populations: Understandings in 2009 and Applications to Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2009; 4(9): 1508 - 1514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. H. de Boer, B. Kestenbaum, A. B. Shoben, E. D. Michos, M. J. Sarnak, and D. S. Siscovick 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Inversely Associate with Risk for Developing Coronary Artery Calcification J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2009; 20(8): 1805 - 1812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Melamed and R. Thadhani Low Calcidiol Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: True, True, and Related? J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2009; 20(8): 1663 - 1665. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mizobuchi, D. Towler, and E. Slatopolsky Vascular Calcification: The Killer of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2009; 20(7): 1453 - 1464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Covic, P. Kothawala, M. Bernal, S. Robbins, A. Chalian, and D. Goldsmith Systematic review of the evidence underlying the association between mineral metabolism disturbances and risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., May 1, 2009; 24(5): 1506 - 1523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Lee, J. H. O'Keefe, D. Bell, D. D. Hensrud, and M. F. Holick Vitamin D Deficiency: An Important, Common, and Easily Treatable Cardiovascular Risk Factor? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 9, 2008; 52(24): 1949 - 1956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Atkinson Age-related medial elastocalcinosis in arteries: mechanisms, animal models, and physiological consequences J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2008; 105(5): 1643 - 1651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Bouillon, G. Carmeliet, L. Verlinden, E. van Etten, A. Verstuyf, H. F. Luderer, L. Lieben, C. Mathieu, and M. Demay Vitamin D and Human Health: Lessons from Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2008; 29(6): 726 - 776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Pilz, W. Marz, B. Wellnitz, U. Seelhorst, A. Fahrleitner-Pammer, H. P. Dimai, B. O. Boehm, and H. Dobnig Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Heart Failure and Sudden Cardiac Death in a Large Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Referred for Coronary Angiography J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2008; 93(10): 3927 - 3935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Hsu, Y. Tintut, and L. L. Demer Vitamin D and Osteogenic Differentiation in the Artery Wall Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2008; 3(5): 1542 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Mehrotra, D. Kermah, M. Budoff, I. B. Salusky, S. S. Mao, Y. L. Gao, J. Takasu, S. Adler, and K. Norris Hypovitaminosis D in Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., July 1, 2008; 3(4): 1144 - 1151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Dobnig, S. Pilz, H. Scharnagl, W. Renner, U. Seelhorst, B. Wellnitz, J. Kinkeldei, B. O. Boehm, G. Weihrauch, and W. Maerz Independent Association of Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Levels With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Arch Intern Med, June 23, 2008; 168(12): 1340 - 1349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Giovannucci, Y. Liu, B. W. Hollis, and E. B. Rimm 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men: A Prospective Study Arch Intern Med, June 9, 2008; 168(11): 1174 - 1180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. P. How, D. L. Mason, and A. H. Lau Current Approaches in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease Mineral and Bone Disorder Journal of Pharmacy Practice, June 1, 2008; 21(3): 196 - 213. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. Kovesdy, S. Ahmadzadeh, J. E. Anderson, and K. Kalantar-Zadeh Association of Activated Vitamin D Treatment and Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Arch Intern Med, February 25, 2008; 168(4): 397 - 403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Wang, M. J. Pencina, S. L. Booth, P. F. Jacques, E. Ingelsson, K. Lanier, E. J. Benjamin, R. B. D'Agostino, M. Wolf, and R. S. Vasan Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Circulation, January 29, 2008; 117(4): 503 - 511. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Martins, M. Wolf, D. Pan, A. Zadshir, N. Tareen, R. Thadhani, A. Felsenfeld, B. Levine, R. Mehrotra, and K. Norris Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Serum Levels of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the United States: Data From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Arch Intern Med, June 11, 2007; 167(11): 1159 - 1165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Dhingra, L. M. Sullivan, C. S. Fox, T. J. Wang, R. B. D'Agostino Sr, J. M. Gaziano, and R. S. Vasan Relations of Serum Phosphorus and Calcium Levels to the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the Community Arch Intern Med, May 14, 2007; 167(9): 879 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. D. Michos and R. S. Blumenthal Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Circulation, February 20, 2007; 115(7): 827 - 828. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Cannata-Andia, M. Rodriguez-Garcia, N. Carrillo-Lopez, M. Naves-Diaz, and B. Diaz-Lopez Vascular Calcifications: Pathogenesis, Management, and Impact on Clinical Outcomes J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2006; 17(12_suppl_3): S267 - S273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. C. Johnson, J. A. Leopold, and J. Loscalzo Vascular Calcification: Pathobiological Mechanisms and Clinical Implications Circ. Res., November 10, 2006; 99(10): 1044 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. I. Freedman, D. W. Bowden, M. M. Sale, C. D. Langefeld, and S. S. Rich Genetic Susceptibility Contributes to Renal and Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension, July 1, 2006; 48(1): 8 - 13. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Cigolini, M. P. Iagulli, V. Miconi, M. Galiotto, S. Lombardi, and G. Targher Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 concentrations and prevalence of cardiovascular disease among type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, March 1, 2006; 29(3): 722 - 724. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Higgins, S. A. Marvel, and J. D. Morrisett Quantification of Calcification in Atherosclerotic Lesions Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 2005; 25(8): 1567 - 1576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Somjen, Y. Weisman, F. Kohen, B. Gayer, R. Limor, O. Sharon, N. Jaccard, E. Knoll, and N. Stern 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1{alpha}-Hydroxylase Is Expressed in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Is Upregulated by Parathyroid Hormone and Estrogenic Compounds Circulation, April 5, 2005; 111(13): 1666 - 1671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Teng, M. Wolf, M. N. Ofsthun, J. M. Lazarus, M. A. Hernan, C. A. Camargo Jr, and R. Thadhani Activated Injectable Vitamin D and Hemodialysis Survival: A Historical Cohort Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2005; 16(4): 1115 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Kestenbaum, J. N. Sampson, K. D. Rudser, D. J. Patterson, S. L. Seliger, B. Young, D. J. Sherrard, and D. L. Andress Serum Phosphate Levels and Mortality Risk among People with Chronic Kidney Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2005; 16(2): 520 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.E. Norman and J.T. Powell Vitamin D, Shedding Light on the Development of Disease in Peripheral Arteries Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2005; 25(1): 39 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Doherty, L. A. Fitzpatrick, D. Inoue, J.-H. Qiao, M. C. Fishbein, R. C. Detrano, P. K. Shah, and T. B. Rajavashisth Molecular, Endocrine, and Genetic Mechanisms of Arterial Calcification Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2004; 25(4): 629 - 672. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Stanford, T. L. Burns, B. H. Thompson, J. D. Witt, R. M. Lauer, and L. T. Mahoney Influence of Body Size and Section Level on Calcium Phantom Measurements at Coronary Artery Calcium CT Scanning Radiology, January 1, 2004; 230(1): 198 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. W. Good, T. George, and B. A. Watts III Aldosterone potentiates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 action in renal thick ascending limb via a nongenomic, ERK-dependent pathway Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): C1122 - C1130. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. M. London, A. P. Guerin, S. J. Marchais, F. Metivier, B. Pannier, and H. Adda Arterial media calcification in end-stage renal disease: impact on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2003; 18(9): 1731 - 1740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Burke, R. Virmani, Z. Galis, C. C. Haudenschild, and J. E. Muller Task force #2--what is the pathologic basis for new atherosclerosis imaging techniques? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 1874 - 1886. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. C. Lee, P. G. O'Malley, I. Feuerstein, and A. J. Taylor The prevalence and severity of coronaryartery calcification on coronary arterycomputed tomography in black and white subjects J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2003; 41(1): 39 - 44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Querfeld Is atherosclerosis accelerated in young patients with end-stage renal disease? The contribution of paediatric nephrology Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., May 1, 2002; 17(5): 719 - 722. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zehnder, R. Bland, R. S. Chana, D. C. Wheeler, A. J. Howie, M. C. Williams, P. M. Stewart, and M. Hewison Synthesis of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 by Human Endothelial Cells Is Regulated by Inflammatory Cytokines: A Novel Autocrine Determinant of Vascular Cell Adhesion J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2002; 13(3): 621 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Tintut, J. Patel, F. Parhami, and L. L. Demer Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Promotes In Vitro Calcification of Vascular Cells via the cAMP Pathway Circulation, November 21, 2000; 102(21): 2636 - 2642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Salusky and W. G. Goodman Managing phosphate retention: is a change necessary? Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2000; 15(11): 1738 - 1742. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. ROSTAND Coronary Heart Disease in Chronic Renal Insufficiency: Some Management Considerations J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2000; 11(10): 1948 - 1956. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. G. Goodman, J. Goldin, B. D. Kuizon, C. Yoon, B. Gales, D. Sider, Y. Wang, J. Chung, A. Emerick, L. Greaser, et al. Coronary-Artery Calcification in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease Who Are Undergoing Dialysis N. Engl. J. Med., May 18, 2000; 342(20): 1478 - 1483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Doherty, W. Tang, and R. C. Detrano Racial differences in the significance of coronary calcium in asymptomatic black and white subjects with coronary risk factors J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 1999; 34(3): 787 - 794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Pahor, M. B. Elam, R. J. Garrison, S. B. Kritchevsky, and W. B. Applegate Emerging Noninvasive Biochemical Measures to Predict Cardiovascular Risk Arch Intern Med, February 8, 1999; 159(3): 237 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Jono, Y. Nishizawa, A. Shioi, and H. Morii 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Increases In Vitro Vascular Calcification by Modulating Secretion of Endogenous Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide Circulation, September 29, 1998; 98(13): 1302 - 1306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|