(Circulation. 1997;96:3294-3299.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Cardiovascular Death and Left Ventricular Remodeling Two Years After Myocardial Infarction
Baseline Predictors and Impact of Long-term Use of Captopril: Information From the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Trial
From the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, and University of Pennsylvania Medical Center (Philadelphia).
Correspondence to M. St. John Sutton, FRCP, Division of Cardiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Background We quantified cardiovascular death and/or left ventricular (LV) dilatation in patients from the SAVE trial to determine whether dilatation continued beyond 1 year, whether ACE inhibitor therapy attenuated late LV dilatation, and whether any baseline descriptors predicted late dilatation.
Methods and Results Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in 512 patients at 11±3 days and 1 and 2 years postinfarction to assess LV size, percentage of the LV that was akinetic/dyskinetic (%AD), and LV shape index. LV function was assessed by radionuclide ejection fraction. Two hundred sixty-three patients (51.4%) sustained cardiovascular death and/or LV diastolic dilatation; 279 (54.5%) had cardiovascular death and/or systolic dilatation. In 373 patients with serial echocardiograms, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic sizes increased progressively from baseline to 2 years (both P<.01). More patients with LV dilatation had a decrease in ejection fraction: 24.8% versus 6.8% (P<.001) (diastole) and 25.7% versus 5.3% (P<.001) (systole). Captopril attenuated diastolic LV dilatation at 2 years (P=.048), but this effect was carried over from the first year of therapy because changes in LV size with captopril beyond 1 year were similar to those with placebo. Predictors of cardiovascular death and/or dilatation were age (P=.023), prior infarction (P<.001), lower ejection fraction (P<.001), angina (P=.007), heart failure (P=.002), LV size (P<.001), and infarct size (%AD) (P<.001).
Conclusions Cardiovascular death and/or LV dilatation occurred in >50% of patients by 2 years. LV dilatation is progressive, associated with chamber distortion and deteriorating function that is unaffected by captopril beyond 1 year.
Key Words: remodeling • myocardial infarction • trials
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 J. G F Cleland, J. John, J. Dhawan, and A. Clark What is the optimal medical management of ischaemic heart failure? Br. Med. Bull., October 1, 2001; 59(1): 135 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. L. Thomson, A.-J. Basmadjian, A. J. Rainbird, M. Razavi, J.-F. Avierinos, P. A. Pellikka, K. R. Bailey, J. F. Breen, and M. Enriquez-Sarano Contrast echocardiography improves the accuracy and reproducibility of left ventricular remodeling measurements: A prospective, randomly assigned, blinded study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2001; 38(3): 867 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J.G.F. Cleland, K. Thygesen, B.F. Uretsky, P. Armstrong, J.D. Horowitz, B. Massie, M. Packer, P.A. Poole-Wilson, L. Ryden, and on behalf of the ATLAS investigators Cardiovascular critical event pathways for the progression of heart failure; a report from the ATLAS study Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2001; 22(17): 1601 - 1612. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A.U Khand, I Gemmell, A.C Rankin, and J.G.F Cleland Clinical events leading to the progression of heart failure: insights from a national database of hospital discharges Eur. Heart J., January 2, 2001; 22(2): 153 - 164. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 K. T Weber and Yao Sun Recruitable ACE and tissue repair in the infarcted heart Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2000; 1(4): 295 - 303. [PDF]
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H. Takano, X.-L. Tang, E. Kodani, and R. Bolli Late preconditioning enhances recovery of myocardial function after infarction in conscious rabbits Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2000; 279(5): H2372 - H2381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Morishima, T. Sone, K. Okumura, H. Tsuboi, J. Kondo, H. Mukawa, H. Matsui, Y. Toki, T. Ito, and T. Hayakawa Angiographic no-reflow phenomenon as a predictor of adverse long-term outcome in patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for first acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2000; 36(4): 1202 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. E WIEGERS and M. S. J. SUTTON When should ACE inhibitors or warfarin be discontinued after myocardial infarction? Heart, October 1, 2000; 84(4): 361 - 362. [Full Text]
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N.G Bellenger, M.I Burgess, S.G Ray, A Lahiri, A.J.S Coats, J.G.F Cleland, and D.J Pennell Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes in heart failure by echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Are they interchangeable? Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2000; 21(16): 1387 - 1396. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. V. Cohen, X.-M. Yang, T. Neumann, G. Heusch, and J. M. Downey Favorable Remodeling Enhances Recovery of Regional Myocardial Function in the Weeks After Infarction in Ischemically Preconditioned Hearts Circulation, August 1, 2000; 102(5): 579 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Li, H. Simon, T. M.A. Bocan, and J.T. Peterson MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2000; 46(2): 298 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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U. P. Jorde, P. V. Ennezat, J. Lisker, V. Suryadevara, J. Infeld, S. Cukon, A. Hammer, E. H. Sonnenblick, and T. H. Le Jemtel Maximally Recommended Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Do Not Completely Prevent ACE-Mediated Formation of Angiotensin II in Chronic Heart Failure Circulation, February 29, 2000; 101(8): 844 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E Roig, F Perez-Villa, M Morales, W Jimenez, J Orus, M Heras, and G Sanz Clinical implications of increased plasma angiotensin II despite ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failure Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2000; 21(1): 53 - 57. [Abstract] [PDF]
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 S. D. Kim Measurement of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Heart Failure Biol Res Nurs, January 1, 2000; 1(3): 210 - 226. [Abstract] [PDF]
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L. Gullestad, P.a. Aukrust, T. Ueland, T. Espevik, G. Yee, R. Vagelos, S. S. Froland, and M. Fowler Effect of high- versus low-dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1999; 34(7): 2061 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C.H. Davies and Y. Bashir Beta-blockers for heart failure-time to think the unthinkable? QJM, November 1, 1999; 92(11): 673 - 678. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Hamroff, S. D. Katz, D. Mancini, I. Blaufarb, R. Bijou, R. Patel, G. Jondeau, M.-T. Olivari, S. Thomas, and T. H. Le Jemtel Addition of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade to Maximal Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Improves Exercise Capacity in Patients With Severe Congestive Heart Failure Circulation, March 2, 1999; 99(8): 990 - 992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. T. Kelley, R. Malekan, J. H. Gorman III, B. M. Jackson, R. C. Gorman, Y. Suzuki, T. Plappert, D. K. Bogen, M. G. St. J. Sutton, and L. H. Edmunds Jr Restraining Infarct Expansion Preserves Left Ventricular Geometry and Function After Acute Anteroapical Infarction Circulation, January 12, 1999; 99(1): 135 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Kalra, N. Sivasubramanian, and D. L. Mann Angiotensin II Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Biosynthesis in the Adult Mammalian Heart Through a Protein Kinase C-Dependent Pathway Circulation, May 7, 2002; 105(18): 2198 - 2205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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