(Circulation. 1997;96:56-60.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
D Allele of the Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Is a Major Risk Factor for Restenosis After Coronary Stenting
From INSERM CJF 95-05, Institut Pasteur de Lille (C.A., F.R., N.H., P.A.); University and CHRU de Lille (C.B., J.-C.B., J.-M.L., M.H., F.R., E.P.M., P.A., M.E.B.); University and CHRU de Caen (G.G.); and University and CHRU de Nancy (N.D.), France.
Correspondence to M.E. Bertrand, MD, Service de Cardiologie B, Hôpital Cardiologique, Blvd du Professeur J Leclercq, 59037 Lille Cedex, France.
Background Although intracoronary stent implantation significantly reduces restenosis compared with balloon angioplasty, a minority of patients still develop restenosis predominantly due to neointimal hyperplasia. Experimental studies suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. In humans, the plasma and cellular levels of ACE are associated with an I/D genetic polymorphism in the ACE gene, DD patients having higher levels.
Methods and Results We investigated a possible relation between the ACE I/D polymorphism and restenosis in 146 patients who underwent successful implantation of a Palmaz-Schatz stent and had 6-month follow-up angiography. The minimal lumen diameter (MLD) before and after the procedure did not differ significantly among the three groups of genotypes (DD, ID, and II). At follow-up, MLD had a significant inverse relationship to the number of D alleles present (DD, 1.65±0.71 mm; ID, 1.84±0.60 mm; II, 2.05±0.61 mm; P<.007). Late luminal loss during the follow-up period was significantly related to the number of D alleles (DD, 0.89±0.61 mm; ID, 0.60±0.52 mm; II, 0.40±0.53 mm; P<.0001). The relative risk of restenosis (defined as a >50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) approximated by the adjusted odds ratio was 2.00 per number of D alleles (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 3.88, P<.04).
Conclusions The ACE I/D polymorphism influences the level of late luminal loss after coronary stent implantation. These results suggest that the renin-angiotensin system may be implicated in the pathogenesis of restenosis after coronary stenting.
Key Words: angiotensin • coronary disease • genetics
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