(Circulation. 1997;96:355-357.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
How to Implement Physical Activity in Primary and Secondary Prevention
A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Task Force on Risk Reduction, American Heart Association
Key Words: AHA Medical/Scientific Statements • exercise • prevention
 |
Introduction |
|---|
Substantial data exist on the benefits of physical activity in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. These data are well documented in American Heart Association position statements,1 2 the current Surgeon General's report,3 and population studies.4 5 6 7 8
The purpose of this "how-to" statement is to delineate the fundamentals of implementation of physical activity in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The recommendations and rationale of earlier scientific statements1 2 on exercise have been translated into practical suggestions that can be implemented in the physician's office.
|
Primary Prevention |
|---|
Physical activity in primary prevention should begin in the early school years and continue throughout an individual's lifetime. Schools must specifically designate physical education programs with aerobic activities for children at early ages. Programs should include recreational sports such as running, dancing, swimming, and selected types of resistance exercises using free weights and/or specific equipment. There also should be support for an active lifestyle for children at home.
In the patient-visit setting, physicians and their staff should discuss physical activity and provide exercise prescriptions for patients and their families. In some instances, suggestions could be made about implementing physical activity recommendations at the worksite.
Intensity, duration, and frequency as well as mode and progression
should be considered in all types of physical activity programs. As
children and adolescents become adults and discontinue the athletic
endeavors of school and college, primary prevention must include a plan
for a lifetime of appropriate physical activity. Ideally this activity
should be done for at least 30 to 60
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  R. P. Sloan, P. A. Shapiro, R. E. DeMeersman, E. Bagiella, E. N. Brondolo, P. S. McKinley, I. Slavov, Y. Fang, and M. M. Myers The Effect of Aerobic Training and Cardiac Autonomic Regulation in Young Adults Am J Public Health, May 1, 2009; 99(5): 921 - 928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Terre Exercise for Primary Care American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, July 1, 2008; 2(4): 290 - 292. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Blumenthal, C. N. Bairey Merz, V. Bittner, and T. J. Gluckman Task Force 10: Training in Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 22, 2008; 51(3): 393 - 398. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Terre Behavioral Medicine Review: Strategic Management of Diabetes Risk American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, October 1, 2007; 1(5): 351 - 355. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. H. Morrato, J. O. Hill, H. R. Wyatt, V. Ghushchyan, and P. W. Sullivan Are health care professionals advising patients with diabetes or at risk for developing diabetes to exercise more? Diabetes Care, March 1, 2006; 29(3): 543 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Gluckman, M. Sachdev, S. P. Schulman, and R. S. Blumenthal A Simplified Approach to the Management of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes JAMA, January 19, 2005; 293(3): 349 - 357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. A Varady, N. Ebine, C. A Vanstone, W. E Parsons, and P. J. Jones Plant sterols and endurance training combine to favorably alter plasma lipid profiles in previously sedentary hypercholesterolemic adults after 8 wk Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1159 - 1166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and and the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committe Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Stroke, August 1, 2004; 35(8): 1999 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J. Gluckman, B. Baranowski, M. D. Ashen, C. A. Henrikson, M. McAllister, J. B. Braunstein, and R. S. Blumenthal A Practical and Evidence-Based Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction Arch Intern Med, July 26, 2004; 164(14): 1490 - 1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, and the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committe, N. G. Clark, C. Doyle, T. Gansler, T. Glynn, Y. Hong, R. A. Smith, et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association CA Cancer J Clin, July 1, 2004; 54(4): 190 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Eyre, R. Kahn, and R. M. Robertson Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A common agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Diabetes Care, July 1, 2004; 27(7): 1812 - 1824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Eyre, R. Kahn, R. M. Robertson, the ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee, ACS/ADA/AHA Collaborative Writing Committee Member, N. G. Clark, C. Doyle, Y. Hong, T. Gansler, T. Glynn, et al. Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association Circulation, June 29, 2004; 109(25): 3244 - 3255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care To Promote Physical Activity: Recommendation and Rationale Ann Intern Med, August 6, 2002; 137(3): 205 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Atwal, J. Porter, and P. MacDonald Cardiovascular effects of strenuous exercise in adult recreational hockey: the Hockey Heart Study Can. Med. Assoc. J., February 1, 2002; 166(3): 303 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Maron, C. G. S. Araujo, P. D. Thompson, G. F. Fletcher, A. B. de Luna, J. L. Fleg, A. Pelliccia, G. J. Balady, F. Furlanello, S. P. Van Camp, et al. Recommendations for Preparticipation Screening and the Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease in Masters Athletes : An Advisory for Healthcare Professionals From the Working Groups of the World Heart Federation, the International Federation of Sports Medicine, and the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Circulation, January 16, 2001; 103(2): 327 - 334. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Tanaka, K. D. Monahan, and D. R. Seals Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2001; 37(1): 153 - 156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, T. Bazzarre, J. Cleeman, R. B. D’Agostino Sr, M. Hill, N. Houston-Miller, W. B. Kannel, R. Krauss, H. M. Krumholz, R. M. Lauer, et al. Prevention Conference V : Beyond Secondary Prevention : Identifying the High-Risk Patient for Primary Prevention : Medical Office Assessment : Writing Group I Circulation, January 4, 2000; 101 (1): e3 - e11. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, R. Pasternak, P. Greenland, S. Smith Jr, and V. Fuster Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1348 - 1359. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grundy, R. Pasternak, P. Greenland, S. Smith Jr, and V. Fuster Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations : A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Circulation, September 28, 1999; 100(13): 1481 - 1492. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. Balady, B. Chaitman, D. Driscoll, C. Foster, E. Froelicher, N. Gordon, R. Pate, J. Rippe, and T. Bazzarre Recommendations for Cardiovascular Screening, Staffing, and Emergency Policies at Health/Fitness Facilities Circulation, June 9, 1998; 97(22): 2283 - 2293. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|