(Circulation. 1997;95:2053-2059.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Prognostic Influence of Elevated Values of Cardiac Troponin I in Patients With Unstable Angina
the Fondazione Cardiologica "Myriam Zito Sacco," Forlì (M.G., F.O., D.F., F.R.), Divisione di Cardiologia, Forlì (M.G., D.F., F.R.), Divisione di Cardiologia, Ravenna (F.O.), Divisione di Cardiologia, Rimini (A.D.), and Divisione di Cardiologia, Riccione (D.B.), Italy, and Washington University, St Louis, Mo (J.H.L., A.S.J.). Dr Jaffe is now at SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse, NY.
Correspondence to Dr Marcello Galvani, Fondazione Cardiologica Myriam Zito Sacco, P.zza F.lli Ruffini, 6, 47100 Forlì, Italy. E-mail sacco{at}mbox.queen.it
Background Elevations of the MB isoform of creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac troponin T seem to confer an adverse prognosis in unstable angina. We examined whether this prognostic influence is also present for cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a new and even more specific marker of myocardial injury.
Methods and Results We studied 106 patients with the clinical diagnosis of unstable angina showing chest discomfort at rest within 48 hours of admission, ECG evidence of myocardial ischemia, and normal values of total CK over the initial 16 hours of observation. The primary end point was death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) at 30 days; the secondary end point was the incidence of cardiac events at 1 year. Blood was drawn every 8 hours for 3 days. Thirteen patients were excluded because of increased CK-MB mass concentrations within 16 hours of admission (non–Q-wave MI) and 2 because of inadequate blood sampling. Of the remaining 91 patients, 22 had cTnI elevations on admission (n=7) or after 8 hours (n=15). At 30 days, no deaths (0%) and 4 MIs (5.8%) occurred in the 69 patients with normal cTnI compared with 2 deaths (9.1%) and 4 MIs (18.2%) in the 22 patients with elevated cTnI. The combined incidence of death and nonfatal MI was 5.8% and 27.3%, respectively (P=.02). At 1 year, only 68% of patients with elevated cTnI were free of cardiac events, compared with 90% of those without elevations (P=.01).
Conclusions These data indicate that cTnI is an important prognostic variable in patients with unstable angina. Elevations of cTnI predict an adverse short- and long-term prognosis.
Key Words: prognosis • angina • myocardial infarction
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  T. Richardson, J. Baker, P.W. Thomas, C. Meckes, A. Rozkovec, and D. Kerr Randomized control trial investigating the influence of coffee on heart rate variability in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction QJM, August 1, 2009; 102(8): 555 - 561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. J. Hong, G. S. Mintz, S. W. Kim, S. Y. Lee, T. Okabe, A. D. Pichard, L. F. Satler, R. Waksman, K. M. Kent, W. O. Suddath, et al. Impact of Plaque Composition on Cardiac Troponin Elevation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Ultrasound Analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., April 1, 2009; 2(4): 458 - 468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Anderson, C. D. Adams, E. M. Antman, C. R. Bridges, R. M. Califf, D. E. Casey Jr, W. E. Chavey II, F. M. Fesmire, J. S. Hochman, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 14, 2007; 50(7): e1 - e157. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Anderson, C. D. Adams, E. M. Antman, C. R. Bridges, R. M. Califf, D. E. Casey Jr, W. E. Chavey II, F. M. Fesmire, J. S. Hochman, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 14, 2007; 50(7): 652 - 726. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Bottio, V. Vida, M. Padalino, G. Gerosa, and G. Stellin Early and long-term prognostic value of Troponin-I after cardiac surgery in newborns and children. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2006; 30(2): 250 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Jaffe, L. Babuin, and F. S. Apple Biomarkers in Acute Cardiac Disease: The Present and the Future J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Heeschen Biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes and their role in diabetic patients Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 122 - 127. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Nageh, R A Sherwood, B M Harris, and M R Thomas Prognostic role of cardiac troponin I after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable coronary disease Heart, September 1, 2005; 91(9): 1181 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.E. Burness, D. Beacock, and K.S. Channer Pitfalls and problems of relying on serum troponin QJM, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 365 - 371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. V. Luepker, F. S. Apple, R. H. Christenson, R. S. Crow, S. P. Fortmann, D. Goff, R. J. Goldberg, M. M. Hand, A. S. Jaffe, D. G. Julian, et al. Case Definitions for Acute Coronary Heart Disease in Epidemiology and Clinical Research Studies: A Statement From the AHA Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; AHA Statistics Committee; World Heart Federation Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Epidemiology and Prevention; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Circulation, November 18, 2003; 108(20): 2543 - 2549. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Manfrini, C. Pizzi, D. Trere, F. Fontana, and R. Bugiardini Parasympathetic failure and risk of subsequent coronary events in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2003; 24(17): 1560 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. Sandri, D. Cardinale, L. Zorzino, R. Passerini, P. Lentati, A. Martinoni, G. Martinelli, and C. M. Cipolla Minor Increases in Plasma Troponin I Predict Decreased Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction after High-Dose Chemotherapy Clin. Chem., February 1, 2003; 49(2): 248 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Bertrand, M. L. Simoons, K. A.A. Fox, L. C. Wallentin, C. W. Hamm, E. McFadden, P. J. De Feyter, G. Specchia, and W. Ruzyllo Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2002; 23(23): 1809 - 1840. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Kim, E. A. Martinez, N. Faraday, T. Dorman, L. A. Fleisher, B. A. Perler, G. M. Williams, D. Chan, and P. J. Pronovost Cardiac Troponin I Predicts Short-Term Mortality in Vascular Surgery Patients Circulation, October 29, 2002; 106(18): 2366 - 2371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J L Ferguson, G J Beckett, M Stoddart, S W Walker, and K A A Fox Myocardial infarction redefined: the new ACC/ESC definition, based on cardiac troponin, increases the apparent incidence of infarction Heart, October 1, 2002; 88(4): 343 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. van der Laarse Hypothesis: troponin degradation is one of the factors responsible for deterioration of left ventricular function in heart failure Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2002; 56(1): 8 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Konstantinides, A. Geibel, M. Olschewski, W. Kasper, N. Hruska, S. Jackle, and L. Binder Importance of Cardiac Troponins I and T in Risk Stratification of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism Circulation, September 3, 2002; 106(10): 1263 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Meier, W. H. Al-Badr, J. V. Cooper, E. M. Kline-Rogers, D. E. Smith, K. A. Eagle, and R. H. Mehta The New Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Arch Intern Med, July 22, 2002; 162(14): 1585 - 1589. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Cardinale, M. T. Sandri, A. Martinoni, E. Borghini, M. Civelli, G. Lamantia, S. Cinieri, G. Martinelli, C. Fiorentini, and C. M. Cipolla Myocardial injury revealed by plasma troponin I in breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy Ann. Onc., May 1, 2002; 13(5): 710 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Savonitto, C. B. Granger, D. Ardissino, L. Gardner, C. Cavallini, M. Galvani, F. Ottani, H. D. White, P. W. Armstrong, E. M. Ohman, et al. The prognostic value of creatine kinase elevations extends across the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 2, 2002; 39(1): 22 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-A Kotlyar, Z Vered, I Goldberg, P Chouraqui, D Nas, E Fridman, Z Chen-Levy, S Fytlovich, G Sangiorgi, L G Spagnoli, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I and II preserve myocardial structure in postinfarct swine Heart, December 1, 2001; 86(6): 693 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Solomon, P. H. Stone, R. J. Glynn, D. A. Ganz, C. M. Gibson, R. Tracy, and J. Avorn Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 969 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Khan, N. Wattanasuwan, N. J. Mehta, A. Tun, N. Singh, H. K. Singh, B. C. Vasavada, and T. J. Sacchi Prognostic value of serum cardiac troponin I in ambulatory patients with chronic renal failure undergoing long-term hemodialysis: A two-year outcome analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 991 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Heidenreich, T. Alloggiamento, K. Melsop, K. M. McDonald, A. S. Go, and M. A. Hlatky The prognostic value of troponin in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2001; 38(2): 478 - 485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Vermes, M. Mesguich, R. Houel, C. Soustelle, P. Le Besnerais, M.-L. Hillion, and D. Loisance Cardiac troponin I release after open heart surgery: a marker of myocardial protection? Ann. Thorac. Surg., December 1, 2000; 70(6): 2087 - 2090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Morrow, E. M. Antman, M. Tanasijevic, N. Rifai, J. A. de Lemos, C. H. McCabe, C. P. Cannon, and E. Braunwald Cardiac troponin I for stratification of early outcomes and the efficacy of enoxaparin in unstable angina: a TIMI-11B substudy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1812 - 1817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Kontos, F. P. Anderson, R. Alimard, J. P. Ornato, J. L. Tatum, and R. L. Jesse Ability of troponin I to predict cardiac events in patients admitted from the emergency department J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1818 - 1823. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. de Winter Risk stratification with cardiac troponin I in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1824 - 1826. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Dixit, M. Castle, R. P. Velu, L. Swisher, C. Hodge, and A. S. Jaffe Cardiac Involvement in Patients With Acute Neurologic Disease: Confirmation With Cardiac Troponin I Arch Intern Med, November 13, 2000; 160(20): 3153 - 3158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. B. Gibler, J. W. Hoekstra, W. D. Weaver, M. W. Krucoff, A. P. Hallstrom, R. E. Jackson, M. R. Sayre, J. Christenson, G. L. Higgins, G. Innes, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of early cardiac serum marker availability on reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: The serial markers, acute myocardial infarction and rapid treatment trial (SMARTT) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2000; 36(5): 1500 - 1506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Meyer, L. Binder, N. Hruska, H. Luthe, and A. B. Buchwald Cardiac troponin I elevation in acute pulmonary embolism is associated with right ventricular dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2000; 36(5): 1632 - 1636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Matetzky, T. Sharir, M. Domingo, M. Noc, K.-Y. Chyu, S. Kaul, N. Eigler, P. K. Shah, and B. Cercek Elevated Troponin I Level on Admission Is Associated With Adverse Outcome of Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, October 3, 2000; 102(14): 1611 - 1616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Jaffe, J. Ravkilde, R. Roberts, U. Naslund, F. S. Apple, M. Galvani, and H. Katus It's Time for a Change to a Troponin Standard Circulation, September 12, 2000; 102(11): 1216 - 1220. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald, E. M. Antman, J. W. Beasley, R. M. Califf, M. D. Cheitlin, J. S. Hochman, R. H. Jones, D. Kereiakes, J. Kupersmith, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the american college of cardiology/ american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 970 - 1062. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ambrosio and S. Mandorla Chest pain and a non-diagnostic ECG: trying not to be frustrated Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2000; 21(17): 1403 - 1405. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.E Bertrand, M.L Simoons, K.A.A Fox, L.C Wallentin, C.W Hamm, E McFadden, P.J de Feyter, G Specchia, and W Ruzyllo Management of acute coronary syndromes: acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST segment elevation. Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology: Recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2000; 21(17): 1406 - 1432. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Hamm and E. Braunwald A Classification of Unstable Angina Revisited Circulation, July 4, 2000; 102(1): 118 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Altinier, M. Mion, A. Cappelletti, M. Zaninotto, and M. Plebani Rapid Measurement of Cardiac Markers on Stratus CS Clin. Chem., July 1, 2000; 46(7): 991 - 993. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. ver Elst, H. D. Spapen, D. N. Nguyen, C. Garbar, L. P. Huyghens, and F. K. Gorus Cardiac Troponins I and T Are Biological Markers of Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Septic Shock Clin. Chem., May 1, 2000; 46(5): 650 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Morrow, N. Rifai, M. J. Tanasijevic, D. R. Wybenga, J. A. de Lemos, and E. M. Antman Clinical Efficacy of Three Assays for Cardiac Troponin I for Risk Stratification in Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11B Substudy Clin. Chem., April 1, 2000; 46(4): 453 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Ewy and J. P. Ornato Emergency cardiac care: introduction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 2000; 35(4): 825 - 880. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Ooi, P. A. Isotalo, and J. P. Veinot Correlation of Antemortem Serum Creatine Kinase, Creatine Kinase-MB, Troponin I, and Troponin T with Cardiac Pathology Clin. Chem., March 1, 2000; 46(3): 338 - 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Carrier, M. Pellerin, L. P. Perrault, B. C. Solymoss, and L. C. Pelletier Troponin levels in patients with myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., February 1, 2000; 69(2): 435 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Chiu, W.-K. Chan, S.-H. Cheng, C.-K. Leung, and C.-H. Choi Troponin-I, myoglobin, and mass concentration of creatine kinase-MB in acute myocardial infarction QJM, December 1, 1999; 92(12): 711 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ricchiuti and F. S. Apple RNA Expression of Cardiac Troponin T Isoforms in Diseased Human Skeletal Muscle Clin. Chem., December 1, 1999; 45(12): 2129 - 2135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Fuchs, R. Kornowski, R. Mehran, L. F. Satler, A. D. Pichard, K. M. Kent, M. K. Hong, S. Slack, G. W. Stone, and M. B. Leon Cardiac troponin I levels and clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes: The potential role of early percutaneous revascularization J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 1999; 34(6): 1704 - 1710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. B Sacks Acute coronary ischemia: troponin I and T Vascular Medicine, November 1, 1999; 4(4): 253 - 256. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G S Hillis, N Zhao, P Taggart, W C Dalsey, and A Mangione Utility of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MBmass, myosin light chain 1, and myoglobin in the early in-hospital triage of "high risk" patients with chest pain Heart, November 1, 1999; 82(5): 614 - 620. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M. Hurst, M. Hinrichs, C. Breidenbach, N. Katz, and B. Waldecker Detection of myocardial injury during transvenous implantation of automatic cardioverter-defibrillators J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1999; 34(2): 402 - 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. P. Roppolo, R. Fitzgerald, J. Dillow, T. Ziegler, M. Rice, and A. Maisel A comparison of troponin T and troponin I as predictors of cardiac events in patients undergoing chronic dialysis at a Veteran's Hospital: a pilot study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 1999; 34(2): 448 - 454. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Holvoet, D. Collen, and F. Van de Werf Malondialdehyde-Modified LDL as a Marker of Acute Coronary Syndromes JAMA, May 12, 1999; 281(18): 1718 - 1721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. F. Immer, F. Stocker, A. M. Seiler, J.-P. Pfammatter, D. Bachmann, G. Printzen, and T. Carrel Troponin-I for prediction of early postoperative course after pediatric cardiac surgery J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 1999; 33(6): 1719 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Scanlon, D. P. Faxon, A.-M. Audet, B. Carabello, G. J. Dehmer, K. A. Eagle, R. D. Legako, D. F. Leon, J. A. Murray, S. E. Nissen, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography) developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 1999; 33(6): 1756 - 1824. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Kontos, R. L. Jesse, F. P. Anderson, K. L. Schmidt, J. P. Ornato, and J. L. Tatum Comparison of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Cardiac Troponin I in Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain Circulation, April 27, 1999; 99(16): 2073 - 2078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J de Winter, R. Bholasingh, J. G Lijmer, R. W Koster, J. P.M.C Gorgels, Y. Schouten, F. J Hoek, and G. T Sanders Independent prognostic value of C-reactive protein and troponin I in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 1999; 42(1): 240 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. C. Kloehn and R. A. O'Rourke Perioperative Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: Kloehn, GC and O'Rourke, RA Perioperative Risk Stratification in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery J Intensive Care Med 1999,14 95-108 J Intensive Care Med, March 1, 1999; 14(2): 95 - 108. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. S. Apple, R. H. Christenson, R. Valdes Jr., A. J. Andriak, A. Berg, S.-H. Duh, Y.-J. Feng, S. A. Jortani, N. A. Johnson, B. Koplen, et al. Simultaneous Rapid Measurement of Whole Blood Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase MB, and Cardiac Troponin I by the Triage Cardiac Panel for Detection of Myocardial Infarction Clin. Chem., February 1, 1999; 45(2): 199 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. S. Apple, A. J. Maturen, R. E. Mullins, P. C. Painter, M. S. Pessin-Minsley, R. A. Webster, J. Spray Flores, R. DeCresce, D. J. Fink, P. M. Buckley, et al. Multicenter Clinical and Analytical Evaluation of the AxSYM Troponin-I Immunoassay to Assist in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction Clin. Chem., February 1, 1999; 45(2): 206 - 212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Zaacks, P. R. Liebson, J. E. Calvin, J. E. Parrillo, and L. W. Klein Unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction: does the clinical diagnosis have therapeutic implications? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 107 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. S. Apple Clinical and Analytical Standardization Issues Confronting Cardiac Troponin I Clin. Chem., January 1, 1999; 45(1): 18 - 20. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Holmvang, M. S. Luscher, P. Clemmensen, K. Thygesen, and P. Grande Very Early Risk Stratification Using Combined ECG and Biochemical Assessment in Patients With Unstable Coronary Artery Disease (A Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia [TRIM] Substudy) Circulation, November 10, 1998; 98(19): 2004 - 2009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ricchiuti, E. M. Voss, A. Ney, M. Odland, P. A. W. Anderson, and F. S. Apple Cardiac troponin T isoforms expressed in renal diseased skeletal muscle will not cause false-positive results by the second generation cardiac troponin T assay by Boehringer Mannheim Clin. Chem., September 1, 1998; 44(9): 1919 - 1924. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Bluestein, G. Parsons, and K. Foster Increased Concentrations of Cardiac Troponin I Are Equivalent to Increased Cardiac Troponin T in Identifying Chest Pain Patients at Short-Term Risk of Myocardial Infarction Clin. Chem., August 1, 1998; 44(8): 1785 - 1786. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Polanczyk, T. H. Lee, E. F. Cook, R. Walls, D. Wybenga, G. Printy-Klein, L. Ludwig, G. Guldbrandsen, and P. A. Johnson Cardiac troponin I as a predictor of major cardiac events in emergency department patients with acute chest pain J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 1998; 32(1): 8 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Hetland and K. Dickstein Cardiac troponins I and T in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: a comparative study in a routine setting Clin. Chem., July 1, 1998; 44(7): 1430 - 1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Luscher, K. Thygesen, J. Ravkilde, and L. Heickendorff Applicability of Cardiac Troponin T and I for Early Risk Stratification in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, October 21, 1997; 96(8): 2578 - 2585. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|