This Article Full Text Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Marmur, J. D. Articles by Taubman, M. B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Marmur, J. D. Articles by Taubman, M. B.

(Circulation. 1996;94:1226-1232.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Identification of Active Tissue Factor in Human Coronary Atheroma

Jonathan D. Marmur, MD; Singanallore V. Thiruvikraman, PhD; Billie S. Fyfe, MD; Arabinda Guha, PhD; Samin K. Sharma, MD; John A. Ambrose, MD; John T. Fallon, MD, PhD; Yale Nemerson, MD; Mark B. Taubman, MD

the Cardiovascular Institute (J.D.M., S.K.S., J.A.A., J.T.F., M.B.T.); the Departments of Medicine (J.D.M., S.K.S., J.A.A., J.T.F., M.B.T.), Pathology (B.S.F., J.T.F.), and Biochemistry (S.V.T., A.G., Y.N.); and the Brookdale Center for Molecular Biology (M.B.T.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY.

Correspondence to Jonathan D. Marmur, MD, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Box 1030, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574. E-mail jmarmur@smtplink.mssm.edu.

Background Recent observations suggest that thrombosis in vivo is initiated via the tissue factor (TF) pathway. The TF activity of human coronary atheroma has not been reported.

Methods and Results Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) specimens from 63 lesions were analyzed with the use of a quantitative TF-specific activity assay. The median content of TF was 10 ng/g plaque (95% CI, 6 to 13 ng/g; range, 0 to 47 ng/g). After homogenization of the specimens, TF activity was detected in 28 of 31 lesions (90%). With a polyclonal anti-human TF antibody, the use of immunohistochemistry detected TF antigen in 43 of 50 lesions (86%); TF antigen was expressed in cellular and acellular areas of the plaque. Histologically defined thrombus was present in 19 of the 43 lesions with detectable TF antigen and in none of the 7 lesions without detectable TF antigen (19 of 43 versus 0 of 7; P<.02). TF antigen was undetectable with immunohistochemistry in 4 of 13 restenotic lesions (31%) and in 3 of 37 de novo lesions (8%) (P<.05).

Conclusions TF contributes to the procoagulant activity of most atherosclerotic lesions treated with DCA. The association of immunohistochemically detectable TF with plaque thrombus suggests that TF plays a role in coronary thrombosis. Diminished TF expression in restenotic lesions may in part account for the lower complication rate that has been associated with DCA of restenotic versus de novo lesions. Inhibition of TF may represent a therapeutic goal for the prevention of thrombotic complications associated with percutaneous coronary interventions.

Key Words: angioplasty • coronary disease • immunohistochemistry • thrombosis • thrombus

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. A. Kaufmann Ultrasound molecular imaging of atherosclerosis Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2009; 83(4): 617 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Furie and B. C. Furie Mechanisms of Thrombus Formation N. Engl. J. Med., August 28, 2008; 359(9): 938 - 949. [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Mackman and M. B. Taubman Does Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Provide a Link Between C-Reactive Protein and Cardiovascular Disease? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2008; 28(4): 601 - 603. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Wu, M. J. Stevenson, J. M. Brown, E. A. Grunz, T. L. Strawn, and W. P. Fay C-Reactive Protein Enhances Tissue Factor Expression by Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Mechanisms and In Vivo Significance Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2008; 28(4): 698 - 704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. P. Vicente, L. He, and D. M. Tollefsen Accelerated atherogenesis and neointima formation in heparin cofactor II deficient mice Blood, December 15, 2007; 110(13): 4261 - 4267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. White, D. F. Meoli, R. F. Swarthout, D. Y. Kallop, I. I. Galaria, J. L. Harvey, C. M. Miller, B. C. Blaxall, C. M. Hall, R. A. Pierce, et al. Plexiform-like lesions and increased tissue factor expression in a rat model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): L583 - L590. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Zhao, S. Zhou, and C.-K. Heng Impact of Serum Amyloid A on Tissue Factor and Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Expression and Activity in Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2007; 27(7): 1645 - 1650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. E. Tilley, B. Pedersen, R. Pawlinski, Y. Sato, J. H. Erlich, Y. Shen, S. Day, Y. Huang, D. T. Eitzman, W. A. Boisvert, et al. Atherosclerosis in Mice Is Not Affected by a Reduction in Tissue Factor Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, March 1, 2006; 26(3): 555 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Fuster, P. R. Moreno, Z. A. Fayad, R. Corti, and J. J. Badimon Atherothrombosis and High-Risk Plaque: Part I: Evolving Concepts J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 20, 2005; 46(6): 937 - 954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. V. M. Rao and U. R. Pendurthi Tissue Factor-Factor VIIa Signaling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2005; 25(1): 47 - 56. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. K. Mandal, A. Iakhiaev, U. R. Pendurthi, and L. V. M. Rao Acute cholesterol depletion impairs functional expression of tissue factor in fibroblasts: modulation of tissue factor activity by membrane cholesterol Blood, January 1, 2005; 105(1): 153 - 160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. M. Day, J. L. Reeve, B. Pedersen, D. M Farris, D. D. Myers, M. Im, T. W. Wakefield, N. Mackman, and W. P. Fay Macrovascular thrombosis is driven by tissue factor derived primarily from the blood vessel wall Blood, January 1, 2005; 105(1): 192 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Paffen, H. L. Vos, and R. M. Bertina C-Reactive Protein Does Not Directly Induce Tissue Factor in Human Monocytes Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2004; 24(5): 975 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				H. Viswambharan, X.-F. Ming, S. Zhu, A. Hubsch, P. Lerch, G. Vergeres, S. Rusconi, and Z. Yang Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Inhibits Thrombin-Induced Endothelial Tissue Factor Expression Through Inhibition of RhoA and Stimulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase but not Akt/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Circ. Res., April 16, 2004; 94(7): 918 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. Hamilton, S.-L. Huang, D. Warnick, M. Rabbat, B. Kane, A. Nagaraj, M. Klegerman, and D. D. McPherson Intravascular ultrasound molecular imaging of atheroma components in vivo J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 4, 2004; 43(3): 453 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Jeanpierre, T. Le Tourneau, I. Six, C. Zawadzki;, E. Van Belle, M. D. Ezekowitz, R. Bordet, S. Susen, B. Jude, and D. Corseaux Dietary Lipid Lowering Modifies Plaque Phenotype in Rabbit Atheroma After Angioplasty: A Potential Role of Tissue Factor Circulation, October 7, 2003; 108(14): 1740 - 1745. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Takeya, E. C. Gabazza, S. Aoki, H. Ueno, and K. Suzuki Synergistic effect of sphingosine 1-phosphate on thrombin-induced tissue factor expression in endothelial cells Blood, September 1, 2003; 102(5): 1693 - 1700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. R. Bijsterveld, A. H. Moons, J. C. M. Meijers, M. Levi, H. R. Buller, and R. J. G. Peters The impact on coagulation of an intravenous loading dose in addition to a subcutaneousregimen of low-molecular-weight heparinin the initial treatment of acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 6, 2003; 42(3): 424 - 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. M. Moons, R. J. G. Peters, N. R. Bijsterveld, J. J. Piek, M. H. Prins, G. P. Vlasuk, W. E. Rote, and H. R. Buller Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of the tissue factor/factor VIIa complex, in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplastyAppendix J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 18, 2003; 41(12): 2147 - 2153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Watson, A. K. C. Chan, L. R. Berry, J. Li, S. K. Sood, J. G. Dickhout, L. Xu, G. H. Werstuck, L. Bajzar, H. J. Klamut, et al. Overexpression of the 78-kDa Glucose-regulated Protein/Immunoglobulin-binding Protein (GRP78/BiP) Inhibits Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity J. Biol. Chem., May 2, 2003; 278(19): 17438 - 17447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Sambola, J. Osende, J. Hathcock, M. Degen, Y. Nemerson, V. Fuster, J. Crandall, and J. J. Badimon Role of Risk Factors in the Modulation of Tissue Factor Activity and Blood Thrombogenicity Circulation, February 25, 2003; 107(7): 973 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-Z. Cui, G. Zhao, A. L. Winokur, E. Laag, J. R. Bydash, M. S. Penn, G. M. Chisolm, and X. Xu Lysophosphatidic Acid Induction of Tissue Factor Expression in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2003; 23(2): 224 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. N. Wilcox, S. Noguchi, and J. Casanova Extrahepatic Synthesis of Factor VII in Human Atherosclerotic Vessels Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2003; 23(1): 136 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Kluft, R. Kleemann, and M.P.M. de Maat How best to counteract the enemies? By controlling inflammation in the coronary circulation Eur. Heart J. Suppl., November 1, 2002; 4(suppl_G): G53 - G65. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. C. Sposito and M. J. Chapman Statin Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Mechanistic Insight Into Clinical Benefit Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1524 - 1534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A.Y. Chung, F. Belgore, F. L. Li-Saw-Hee, D. S.G. Conway, A. D. Blann, and G. Y.H. Lip Is the Hypercoagulable State in Atrial Fibrillation Mediated by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor? Stroke, September 1, 2002; 33(9): 2187 - 2191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Bonderman, A. Teml, J. Jakowitsch, C. Adlbrecht, M. Gyongyosi, W. Sperker, H. Lass, W. Mosgoeller, D. H. Glogar, P. Probst, et al. Coronary no-reflow is caused by shedding of active tissue factor from dissected atherosclerotic plaque Blood, April 15, 2002; 99(8): 2794 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H.M Moons, M. Levi, and R. J.G Peters Tissue factor and coronary artery disease Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2002; 53(2): 313 - 325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Ott, V. Malcouvier, A. Schomig, and F.-J. Neumann Proteolysis of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 by Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction Circulation, January 22, 2002; 105(3): 279 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Ardissino, P. A. Merlini, K. A. Bauer, E. Bramucci, M. Ferrario, R. Coppola, R. Fetiveau, S. Lucreziotti, R. D. Rosenberg, and P. M. Mannucci Thrombogenic potential of human coronary atherosclerotic plaques Blood, November 1, 2001; 98(9): 2726 - 2729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Holschermann, C. Rascher, C. Oelschlager, G. Stapfer, A. Langenstein, A. Staubitz, U. Maus, H. Tillmanns, H. Bang, and W. Haberbosch Opposite Regulation of Tissue Factor Expression by Calcineurin in Monocytes and Endothelial Cells J. Immunol., June 15, 2001; 166(12): 7112 - 7120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Zoldhelyi, Z.-Q. Chen, H. S. Shelat, J. M. McNatt, and J. T. Willerson Local gene transfer of tissue factor pathway inhibitor regulates intimal hyperplasia in atherosclerotic arteries PNAS, March 27, 2001; 98(7): 4078 - 4083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nishibe, G. Parry, A. Ishida, S. Aziz, J. Murray, Y. Patel, S. Rahman, K. Strand, K. Saito, Y. Saito, et al. Oncostatin M promotes biphasic tissue factor expression in smooth muscle cells: evidence for Erk-1/2 activation Blood, February 1, 2001; 97(3): 692 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Roque, E. D. Reis, V. Fuster, A. Padurean, J. T. Fallon, M. B. Taubman, J. H. Chesebro, and J. J. Badimon Inhibition of tissue factor reduces thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia after porcine coronary angioplasty J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2303 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. GÖRLACH, R. P. BRANDES, S. BASSUS, N. KRONEMANN, C. M. KIRCHMAIER, R. BUSSE, and V. B. SCHINI-KERTH Oxidative stress and expression of p22phox are involved in the up-regulation of tissue factor in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to activated platelets FASEB J, August 1, 2000; 14(11): 1518 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. D. Schecter, B. Spirn, M. Rossikhina, P. L. A. Giesen, V. Bogdanov, J. T. Fallon, E. A. Fisher, L. M. Schnapp, Y. Nemerson, and M. B. Taubman Release of Active Tissue Factor by Human Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Circ. Res., July 21, 2000; 87(2): 126 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. R. Pendurthi, K. E. Allen, M. Ezban, and L. V. M. Rao Factor VIIa and Thrombin Induce the Expression of Cyr61 and Connective Tissue Growth Factor, Extracellular Matrix Signaling Proteins That Could Act as Possible Downstream Mediators in Factor VIIa{middle dot}Tissue Factor-induced Signal Transduction J. Biol. Chem., May 5, 2000; 275(19): 14632 - 14641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Nakagomi, S. B. Freedman, and C. L. Geczy Interferon-{gamma} and Lipopolysaccharide Potentiate Monocyte Tissue Factor Induction by C-Reactive Protein : Relationship With Age, Sex, and Hormone Replacement Treatment Circulation, April 18, 2000; 101(15): 1785 - 1791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. Schecter, T. M. Calderon, A. B. Berman, C. M. McManus, J. T. Fallon, M. Rossikhina, W. Zhao, G. Christ, J. W. Berman, and M. B. Taubman Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Possess Functional CCR5 J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2000; 275(8): 5466 - 5471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Napoleone, A. Di Santo, M. Camera, E. Tremoli, and R. Lorenzet Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Downregulate Tissue Factor Synthesis in Monocytes Circ. Res., February 4, 2000; 86(2): 139 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Zoldhelyi, J. McNatt, H. S. Shelat, Y. Yamamoto, Z.-Q. Chen, and J. T. Willerson Thromboresistance of Balloon-Injured Porcine Carotid Arteries After Local Gene Transfer of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Circulation, January 25, 2000; 101(3): 289 - 295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Schonbeck, F. Mach, G. K. Sukhova, M. Herman, P. Graber, M. R. Kehry, and P. Libby CD40 Ligation Induces Tissue Factor Expression in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2000; 156(1): 7 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Soejima, H. Ogawa, H. Yasue, K. Kaikita, K. Takazoe, K. Nishiyama, K. Misumi, S. Miyamoto, M. Yoshimura, K. Kugiyama, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tissue factor levels in patients with myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 983 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. C. Becker, F. A. Spencer, Y. Li, S. P. Ball, Y. Ma, T. Hurley, and J. Hebert Thrombin generation after the abrupt cessation of intravenous unfractionated heparin among patients with acute coronary syndromes: Potential mechanisms for heightened prothrombotic potential J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1020 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Aikawa, S. J. Voglic, S. Sugiyama, E. Rabkin, M. B. Taubman, J. T. Fallon, and P. Libby Dietary Lipid Lowering Reduces Tissue Factor Expression in Rabbit Atheroma Circulation, September 14, 1999; 100(11): 1215 - 1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. St. Pierre, L.-Y. Yang, K. Tamirisa, D. Scherrer, P. De Ciechi, P. Eisenberg, E. Tolunay, and D. Abendschein Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Attenuates Procoagulant Activity and Upregulation of Tissue Factor at the Site of Balloon-Induced Arterial Injury in Pigs Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 1999; 19(9): 2263 - 2268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bini, K. G. Mann, B. J. Kudryk, and F. J. Schoen Noncollagenous Bone Matrix Proteins, Calcification, and Thrombosis in Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1999; 19(8): 1852 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Badimon, M. Lettino, V. Toschi, V. Fuster, M. Berrozpe, J. H. Chesebro, and L. Badimon Local Inhibition of Tissue Factor Reduces the Thrombogenicity of Disrupted Human Atherosclerotic Plaques : Effects of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor on Plaque Thrombogenicity Under Flow Conditions Circulation, April 13, 1999; 99(14): 1780 - 1787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Penn, C. V. Patel, M.-Z. Cui, P. E. DiCorleto, and G. M. Chisolm LDL Increases Inactive Tissue Factor on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Surfaces : Hydrogen Peroxide Activates Latent Cell Surface Tissue Factor Circulation, April 6, 1999; 99(13): 1753 - 1759. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Moatti, P. Seknadji, C. Galand, O. Poirier, F. Fumeron, S. Desprez, M. Garbarz, D. Dhermy, D. Arveiler, A. Evans, et al. Polymorphisms of the Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) Gene in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and in Healthy Subjects : Impact of the V264M Substitution on Plasma Levels of TFPI Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 1999; 19(4): 862 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Petit, P. Lesnik, C. Dachet, M. Moreau, and M. J. Chapman Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Is Expressed by Human Monocyte–Derived Macrophages : Relationship to Tissue Factor Induction by Cholesterol and Oxidized LDL Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 309 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. E. D. van den Eijnden, J. T. van Noort, L. Hollaar, A. van der Laarse, and R. M. Bertina Cholesterol or Triglyceride Loading of Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Incubation With Modified Lipoproteins Does Not Induce Tissue Factor Expression Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 1999; 19(2): 384 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Mallat, B. Hugel, J. Ohan, G. Leseche, J.-M. Freyssinet, and A. Tedgui Shed Membrane Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques : A Role for Apoptosis in Plaque Thrombogenicity Circulation, January 26, 1999; 99(3): 348 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. Caplice, C. S. Mueske, L. S. Kleppe, T. E. Peterson, G. J. Broze Jr, and R. D. Simari Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Its Regulation by Growth Factors Circ. Res., December 14, 1998; 83(12): 1264 - 1270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. M. Caplice, C. S. Mueske, L. S. Kleppe, and R. D. Simari Presence of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques Is Associated With Reduced Tissue Factor Activity Circulation, September 15, 1998; 98(11): 1051 - 1057. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Fuster, J. J. Badimon, and J. H Chesebro Atherothrombosis: mechanisms and clinical therapeutic approaches Vascular Medicine, August 1, 1998; 3(3): 231 - 239. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Dangas, J. J. Badimon, B. S. Coller, J. T. Fallon, S. K. Sharma, R. M. Hayes, P. Meraj, J. A. Ambrose, and J. D. Marmur Administration of Abciximab During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Reduces Both Ex Vivo Platelet Thrombus Formation and Fibrin Deposition : Implications for a Potential Anticoagulant Effect of Abciximab Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, August 1, 1998; 18(8): 1342 - 1349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Fan, P. J. Larson, J. Bognacki, P.N. Raghunath, J. E. Tomaszewski, A. Kuo, G. Canziani, I. Chaiken, D. B. Cines, and A. A.-R. Higazi Tissue Factor Regulates Plasminogen Binding and Activation Blood, March 15, 1998; 91(6): 1987 - 1998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Holschermann, O. Kohl, U. Maus, F. Durfeld, A. Bierhaus, P. P. Nawroth, J. Lohmeyer, H. Tillmanns, and W. Haberbosch Cyclosporin A Inhibits Monocyte Tissue Factor Activation in Cardiac Transplant Recipients Circulation, December 16, 1997; 96(12): 4232 - 4238. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. D. Schecter, B. J. Rollins, Y. J. Zhang, I. F. Charo, J. T. Fallon, M. Rossikhina, P. L. A. Giesen, Y. Nemerson, and M. B. Taubman Tissue Factor Is Induced by Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle and THP-1 Cells J. Biol. Chem., November 7, 1997; 272(45): 28568 - 28573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Khechai, V. Ollivier, F. Bridey, M. Amar, J. Hakim, and D. de Prost Effect of Advanced Glycation End Product–Modified Albumin on Tissue Factor Expression by Monocytes : Role of Oxidant Stress and Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activation Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1997; 17(11): 2885 - 2890. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. T. Lee and P. Libby The Unstable Atheroma Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 1859 - 1867. [Full Text]

				P. R. Moreno, V. H. Bernardi, J. Lopez-Cuellar, A. M. Murcia, I. F. Palacios, H. K. Gold, R. Mehran, S. K. Sharma, Y. Nemerson, V. Fuster, et al. Macrophages, Smooth Muscle Cells, and Tissue Factor in Unstable Angina: Implications for Cell-Mediated Thrombogenicity in Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation, December 15, 1996; 94(12): 3090 - 3097. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. a. Belaaouaj, A. Li, T.-C. Wun, H. G. Welgus, and S. D. Shapiro Matrix Metalloproteinases Cleave Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor. EFFECTS ON COAGULATION J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2000; 275(35): 27123 - 27128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]