(Circulation. 1996;94:874-877.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Elevated Levels of Interleukin-6 in Unstable Angina
the Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy, and Istituto di Richerche di Biologia Molecolare "P Angeletti" (A.V., S.A., G. Ciliberto), Pomezia, Italy.
Correspondence to Luigi M. Biasucci, Istituto di Cardiologia, Universita' Cattolica, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
Background Elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein have been found in the majority of patients with unstable angina. The evidence of elevated levels of acute-phase proteins in unstable angina is in line with a growing body of evidence that suggests that inflammation plays a role in this syndrome and is an indirect sign of increased production of interleukin-6, which is the major determinant of acute-phase–protein production by the liver. However, in unstable angina, there is no direct proof of the role played by interleukin-6.
Methods and Results We measured levels of interleukin-6 in 38 patients with unstable angina at the time of their admission to the coronary care unit and in 29 patients with stable angina. In the same groups of patients, we also measured C-reactive protein. Interleukin-6 (undetectable, ie, <3 pg/mL, in healthy volunteers) was detectable in 23 (61%) of 38 patients with unstable angina but in only 6 (21%) of 29 with stable angina (P<.01). Median interleukin-6 levels were 5.25 pg/mL (range, 0 to 90 pg/mL) in patients with unstable angina but were below the detection limit of the assay in patients with stable angina (range, 0 to 7 pg/mL). A significant correlation was observed between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels (r=.4, P=.013).
Conclusions Our study demonstrates that raised levels of interleukin-6 are common in unstable angina, correlate with C-reactive protein, and are associated with prognosis, thus confirming the importance of the cytokine pathway for the production by the liver of acute-phase proteins and strengthening the importance of inflammation in this syndrome. Further studies are required to elucidate better the role of interleukins in unstable angina.
Key Words: interleukins • angina • proteins • prognosis • pathophysiology
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. E. Barden, K. D. Croft, T. Durand, A. Guy, M. J. Mueller, and T. A. Mori Flaxseed Oil Supplementation Increases Plasma F1-Phytoprostanes in Healthy Men J. Nutr., October 1, 2009; 139(10): 1890 - 1895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Burioni, F. Canducci, D. Saita, M. Perotti, N. Mancini, D. De Marco, N. Clementi, A. Chieffo, M. Denaro, D. Cianflone, et al. Antigen-Driven Evolution of B Lymphocytes in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques J. Immunol., August 15, 2009; 183(4): 2537 - 2544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ziakas, S. Gavrilidis, E. Souliou, G. Giannoglou, I. Stiliadis, H. Karvounis, G. Efthimiadis, S. Mochlas, M. A. Vayona, A. Hatzitolios, et al. Ceruloplasmin is a Better Predictor of the Long-Term Prognosis Compared With Fibrinogen, CRP, and IL-6 in Patients With Severe Unstable Angina Angiology, February 1, 2009; 60(1): 50 - 59. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Peeters, W.E. Hellings, D.P.V. de Kleijn, J.P.P.M. de Vries, F.L. Moll, A. Vink, and G. Pasterkamp Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Stabilize After Stroke: Insights Into the Natural Process of Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2009; 29(1): 128 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Kohler, L Ayers, J C T Pepperell, K L Packwood, B Ferry, N Crosthwaite, S Craig, M M Siccoli, R J O Davies, and J R Stradling Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on systemic inflammation in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised controlled trial Thorax, January 1, 2009; 64(1): 67 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. K. Pedersen and M. A. Febbraio Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6 Physiol Rev, October 1, 2008; 88(4): 1379 - 1406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. P. Smith, F. D'Aiuto, J. Palmen, J. A. Cooper, J. Samuel, S. Thompson, J. Sanders, N. Donos, L. Nibali, D. Brull, et al. Association of Serum Interleukin-6 Concentration with a Functional IL6 -6331T>C Polymorphism Clin. Chem., May 1, 2008; 54(5): 841 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Loppnow, K. Werdan, and M. Buerke Invited review: Vascular cells contribute to atherosclerosis by cytokine- and innate-immunity-related inflammatory mechanisms Innate Immunity, April 1, 2008; 14(2): 63 - 87. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Dubey, H.-S. Zeng, H.-J. Wang, and R.-Y. Liu Potential Role of Adipocytokine Leptin in Acute Coronary Syndrome Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann, April 1, 2008; 16(2): 124 - 128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Pasini, M. Anselmi, U. Garbin, E. Franchi, C. Stranieri, M.C. Nava, V. Boccioletti, C. Vassanelli, and L. Cominacini Enhanced Levels of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Prime Monocytes to Cytokine Overproduction via Upregulation of CD14 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Unstable Angina Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2007; 27(9): 1991 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Anderson, C. D. Adams, E. M. Antman, C. R. Bridges, R. M. Califf, D. E. Casey Jr, W. E. Chavey II, F. M. Fesmire, J. S. Hochman, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 14, 2007; 50(7): e1 - e157. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-M. Yu, Q. Zhang, L. Lam, H. Lin, S.-L. Kong, W. Chan, J. W.-H. Fung, K. K K Cheng, I. H.-S. Chan, S. W.-L. Lee, et al. Comparison of intensive and low-dose atorvastatin therapy in the reduction of carotid intimal-medial thickness in patients with coronary heart disease Heart, August 1, 2007; 93(8): 933 - 939. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Salinas, U. C. Rangasetty, B. F. Uretsky, and Y. Birnbaum The Cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) Story: It's Time to Explain, Not Inflame Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, June 1, 2007; 12(2): 98 - 111. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 NACB WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. A. Morrow, C. P. Cannon, R. L. Jesse, L. K. Newby, J. Ravkilde, A. B. Storrow, A. H.B. Wu, and R. H. Christenson National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical Characteristics and Utilization of Biochemical Markers in Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation, April 3, 2007; 115(13): e356 - e375. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
NACB WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. A. Morrow, C. P. Cannon, R. L. Jesse, L. K. Newby, J. Ravkilde, A. B. Storrow, A. H.B. Wu, R. H. Christenson, NACB COMMITTEE MEMBERS, et al. National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical Characteristics and Utilization of Biochemical Markers in Acute Coronary Syndromes Clin. Chem., April 1, 2007; 53(4): 552 - 574. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M McMahon, J Grossman, W Chen, and B H Hahn Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, November 1, 2006; 15(11_suppl): 59 - 69. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Mehra, A. Storfer-Isser, H. L. Kirchner, N. Johnson, N. Jenny, R. P. Tracy, and S. Redline Soluble interleukin 6 receptor: a novel marker of moderate to severe sleep-related breathing disorder. Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1725 - 1731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Suzuki, M. Saito, T. Nagai, H. Saeki, and Y. Kazatani Systemic Versus Coronary Levels of Inflammation in Acute Coronary Syndromes Angiology, August 1, 2006; 57(4): 459 - 463. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Blankenberg, M. J. McQueen, M. Smieja, J. Pogue, C. Balion, E. Lonn, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Bickel, L. Tiret, F. Cambien, et al. Comparative Impact of Multiple Biomarkers and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Context of Conventional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Circulation, July 18, 2006; 114(3): 201 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Sander, C. von Heymann, V. v. Dossow, C. Spaethe, W. F. Konertz, U. Jain, and C. D. Spies Increased interleukin-6 after cardiac surgery predicts infection. Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2006; 102(6): 1623 - 1629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Rizzello, G. Liuzzo, S. Brugaletta, A. Rebuzzi, L. M. Biasucci, and F. Crea Modulation of CD4+CD28null T Lymphocytes by Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Blockade in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2272 - 2277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ziakas, S. Gavrilidis, G. Giannoglou, E. Souliou, K. Gemitzis, D. Kalampalika, M. A. Vayona, I. Pidonia, G. Parharidis, and G. Louridas In-Hospital and Long-Term Prognostic Value of Fibrinogen, CRP, and IL-6 Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Thrombolysis Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 283 - 293. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tedgui and Z. Mallat Cytokines in Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic and Regulatory Pathways Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 515 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Koster, H. Bosma, B. W. J. H. Penninx, A. B. Newman, T. B. Harris, J. Th. M. van Eijk, G. I. J. M. Kempen, E. M. Simonsick, K. C. Johnson, R. N. Rooks, et al. Association of inflammatory markers with socioeconomic status. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2006; 61(3): 284 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Armstrong, D. A. Morrow, and M. S. Sabatine Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Coronary Syndromes: Part I: Introduction and Cytokines Circulation, February 14, 2006; 113(6): e72 - e75. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Libra, S S Signorelli, Y Bevelacqua, P M Navolanic, V Bevelacqua, J Polesel, R Talamini, F Stivala, M C Mazzarino, and G Malaponte Analysis of G(-174)C IL-6 polymorphism and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease J. Clin. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 59(2): 211 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P.S. Sie, F. A. Sayed-Tabatabaei, H.-H. S. Oei, A. G. Uitterlinden, H. A.P. Pols, A. Hofman, C. M. van Duijn, and J. C.M. Witteman Interleukin 6 -174 G/C Promoter Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Rotterdam Study and a Meta-Analysis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 212 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Ikonomidis, G. Athanassopoulos, J. Lekakis, K. Venetsanou, M. Marinou, K. Stamatelopoulos, D. V. Cokkinos, and P. Nihoyannopoulos Myocardial Ischemia Induces Interleukin-6 and Tissue Factor Production in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Study Circulation, November 22, 2005; 112(21): 3272 - 3279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Y. King, R. Ferrara, R. Tabibiazar, J. M. Spin, M. M. Chen, A. Kuchinsky, A. Vailaya, R. Kincaid, A. Tsalenko, D. X.-F. Deng, et al. Pathway analysis of coronary atherosclerosis Physiol Genomics, September 21, 2005; 23(1): 103 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Antoniades, D. Tousoulis, C. Vasiliadou, C. Pitsavos, C. Chrysochoou, D. Panagiotakos, C. Tentolouris, K. Marinou, N. Koumallos, and C. Stefanadis Genetic Polymorphism on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Affects Endothelial Activation and Inflammatory Response During the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 20, 2005; 46(6): 1101 - 1109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Werner, S. Kosiol, T. Schiegl, P. Ahlers, K. Walenta, A. Link, M. Bohm, and G. Nickenig Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Cardiovascular Outcomes N. Engl. J. Med., September 8, 2005; 353(10): 999 - 1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G Liuzzo, G Giubilato, and M Pinnelli T cells and cytokines in atherogenesis Lupus, September 1, 2005; 14(9): 732 - 735. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L M Biasucci, G Giubilato, F Graziani, and M Piro CRP is or is not a reliable marker of ischaemic heart disease? Lupus, September 1, 2005; 14(9): 752 - 755. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Zampetaki, Z. Zhang, Y. Hu, and Q. Xu Biomechanical stress induces IL-6 expression in smooth muscle cells via Ras/Rac1-p38 MAPK-NF-{kappa}B signaling pathways Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): H2946 - H2954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Hansson Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease N. Engl. J. Med., April 21, 2005; 352(16): 1685 - 1695. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Weger, I. Steinbrugger, A. Haas, W. Marz, Y. El-Shabrawi, W. Weger, O. Schmut, and W. Renner Role of the Interleukin-6 -174 G>C Gene Polymorphism in Retinal Artery Occlusion Stroke, February 1, 2005; 36(2): 249 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Monaco, E. Rossi, D. Milazzo, F. Citterio, F. Ginnetti, G. D'Onofrio, D. Cianflone, F. Crea, L. M. Biasucci, and A. Maseri Persistent systemic inflammation in unstable angina is largely unrelated to the atherothrombotic burden J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 18, 2005; 45(2): 238 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Sabatine and E. Braunwald Another look at the age-old question: Which came first, the elevated c-reactive protein or the atherothrombosis? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 18, 2005; 45(2): 244 - 245. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Biasucci CDC/AHA Workshop on Markers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease: Application to Clinical and Public Health Practice: Clinical Use of Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases: A Background Paper Circulation, December 21, 2004; 110(25): e560 - e567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Schieffer, T. Selle, A. Hilfiker, D. Hilfiker-Kleiner, K. Grote, U. J.F. Tietge, C. Trautwein, M. Luchtefeld, C. Schmittkamp, S. Heeneman, et al. Impact of Interleukin-6 on Plaque Development and Morphology in Experimental Atherosclerosis Circulation, November 30, 2004; 110(22): 3493 - 3500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Schieffer, C. Bunte, J. Witte, K. Hoeper, R. H. Boger, E. Schwedhelm, and H. Drexler Comparative effects of AT1-antagonism and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on markers of inflammation and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 21, 2004; 44(2): 362 - 368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Smith, A. Yndestad, B. Halvorsen, T. Ueland, T. Waehre, K. Otterdal, H. Scholz, K. Endresen, L. Gullestad, S. S. Froland, et al. Potential anti-inflammatory role of activin A in acute coronary syndromes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 21, 2004; 44(2): 369 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Segev, S. Kassam, C. E Buller, H. K Lau, J. D Sparkes, P. W Connelly, P. H Seidelin, M. K Natarajan, E. A Cohen, and B. H Strauss Pre-procedural plasma levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 do not predict late coronary angiographic restenosis after elective stenting Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2004; 25(12): 1029 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Murase, Y. Yamada, A. Hirashiki, S. Ichihara, H. Kanda, M. Watarai, F. Takatsu, T. Murohara, and M. Yokota Genetic risk and gene-environment interaction in coronary artery spasm in Japanese men and women Eur. Heart J., June 1, 2004; 25(11): 970 - 977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. McDermott, P. Greenland, J. M Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, D. Green, K. Liu, M. H Criqui, J. R Schneider, C. Chan, P. Ridker, et al. Inflammatory markers, D-dimer, pro-thrombotic factors, and physical activity levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease Vascular Medicine, May 1, 2004; 9(2): 103 - 105. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Monakier, M. Mates, M. W. Klutstein, J. A. Balkin, B. Rudensky, D. Meerkin, and D. Tzivoni Rofecoxib, a COX-2 Inhibitor, Lowers C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Chest, May 1, 2004; 125(5): 1610 - 1615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Feinberg, M. Watanabe, M. A. Lebedeva, A. S. Depina, J.-i. Hanai, T. Mammoto, J. P. Frederick, X.-F. Wang, V. P. Sukhatme, and M. K. Jain Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Activation Is Mediated via Smad3 J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 2004; 279(16): 16388 - 16393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.D. Booth, D.R.W. Jayne, R.K. Kharbanda, C.M. McEniery, I.S. Mackenzie, J. Brown, and I.B. Wilkinson Infliximab Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Vasculitis: A Model of Vascular Inflammation Circulation, April 13, 2004; 109(14): 1718 - 1723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wassmann, M. Stumpf, K. Strehlow, A. Schmid, B. Schieffer, M. Bohm, and G. Nickenig Interleukin-6 Induces Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction by Overexpression of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Circ. Res., March 5, 2004; 94(4): 534 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Heeschen, S. Dimmeler, S. Fichtlscherer, C. W. Hamm, J. Berger, M. L. Simoons, and A. M. Zeiher Prognostic Value of Placental Growth Factor in Patients With Acute Chest Pain JAMA, January 28, 2004; 291(4): 435 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L S Rallidis, M G Zolindaki, P C Pentzeridis, K P Poulopoulos, A H Velissaridou, and T S Apostolou Raised concentrations of macrophage colony stimulating factor in severe unstable angina beyond the acute phase are strongly predictive of long term outcome Heart, January 1, 2004; 90(1): 25 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kinlay, G. G. Schwartz, A. G. Olsson, N. Rifai, S. J. Leslie, W. J. Sasiela, M. Szarek, P. Libby, P. Ganz, and for the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggress High-Dose Atorvastatin Enhances the Decline in Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes in the MIRACL Study Circulation, September 30, 2003; 108(13): 1560 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Dacey, J. DeSimone, J. H. Braxton, B. J. Leavitt, S. J. Lahey, J. D. Klemperer, B. M. Westbrook, E. M. Olmstead, and G. T. O'Connor Preoperative white blood cell count and mortality and morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2003; 76(3): 760 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D Tousoulis, G Davies, C Stefanadis, P Toutouzas, and J A Ambrose Inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms in coronary atherosclerosis Heart, September 1, 2003; 89(9): 993 - 997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M.L. Chapman, J. P. Beilby, S. E. Humphries, L. J. Palmer, P. L. Thompson, and J. Hung Association of an allelic variant of interleukin-6 with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in an Australian community population Eur. Heart J., August 2, 2003; 24(16): 1494 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Ledue and N. Rifai Preanalytic and Analytic Sources of Variations in C-reactive Protein Measurement: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Clin. Chem., August 1, 2003; 49(8): 1258 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Luc, J.-M. Bard, I. Juhan-Vague, J. Ferrieres, A. Evans, P. Amouyel, D. Arveiler, J.-C. Fruchart, and P. Ducimetiere C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Fibrinogen as Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease: The PRIME Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 2003; 23(7): 1255 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Soejima, A. Irie, S. Miyamoto, I. Kajiwara, S. Kojima, J. Hokamaki, T. Sakamoto, T. Tanaka, M. Yoshimura, Y. Nishimura, et al. Preference Toward a T-Helper Type 1 Response in Patients With Coronary Spastic Angina Circulation, May 6, 2003; 107(17): 2196 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Heeschen, S. Dimmeler, C. W. Hamm, S. Fichtlscherer, E. Boersma, M. L. Simoons, A. M. Zeiher, and for the CAPTURE Study Investigators Serum Level of the Antiinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 Is an Important Prognostic Determinant in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation, April 29, 2003; 107(16): 2109 - 2114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Matetzky, M. Domingo, S. Kar, M. Noc, P. K. Shah, S. Kaul, E. Daar, and B. Cercek Acute Myocardial Infarction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients Arch Intern Med, February 24, 2003; 163(4): 457 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chia, C. A. Ludlam, K. A. A. Fox, and D. E. Newby Acute systemic inflammation enhances endothelium-dependent tissue plasminogen activator release in men J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 15, 2003; 41(2): 333 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Oldgren, L Wallentin, L Grip, R Linder, B.L Norgaard, and A Siegbahn Myocardial damage, inflammation and thrombin inhibition in unstable coronary artery disease Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2003; 24(1): 86 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Schieffer Interaction of interleukin-6 and angiotensin II in atherosclerosis: culprit for inflammation? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A25 - A30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Pecoits-Filho, P. Barany, B. Lindholm, O. Heimburger, and P. Stenvinkel Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of mortality in patients starting dialysis treatment Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 1, 2002; 17(9): 1684 - 1688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Korkmaz, E. Tayfun, H. Muderrisoglu, A. Yildirir, B. Ozin, M. Ulucam, and M. Turan Carbon Coating of Stents Has No Effect on Inflammatory Response to Primary Stent Deployment Angiology, September 1, 2002; 53(5): 563 - 568. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Altman, H. L. Luciardi, J. Muntaner, F. Del Rio, S. G. Berman, R. Lopez, and C. Gonzalez Efficacy Assessment of Meloxicam, a Preferential Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, in Acute Coronary Syndromes Without ST-Segment Elevation: The Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Unstable Angina Treatment-2 (NUT-2) Pilot Study Circulation, July 9, 2002; 106(2): 191 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Buffon, L. M. Biasucci, G. Liuzzo, G. D'Onofrio, F. Crea, and A. Maseri Widespread Coronary Inflammation in Unstable Angina N. Engl. J. Med., July 4, 2002; 347(1): 5 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Spies, H. Kern, T. Schroder, M. Sander, H. Sepold, P. Lang, K. Stangl, S. Behrens, P. Sinha, W. Schaffartzik, et al. Myocardial Ischemia and Cytokine Response Are Associated with Subsequent Onset of Infections After Noncardiac Surgery Anesth. Analg., July 1, 2002; 95(1): 9 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Monaco, E. Andreakos, S. Young, M. Feldmann, and E. Paleolog T cell-mediated signaling to vascular endothelium: induction of cytokines, chemokines, and tissue factor J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2002; 71(4): 659 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Basso, G. D.O. Lowe, A. Rumley, A. D. McMahon, and S. E. Humphries Interleukin-6 -174G>C Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, April 1, 2002; 22(4): 599 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kell, A. Haunstetter, T.J. Dengler, C. Zugck, W. Kubler, and M. Haass Do cytokines enable risk stratification to be improved in NYHA functional class III patients?. Comparison with other potential predictors of prognosis Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2002; 23(1): 70 - 78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Elkind, J. Cheng, B. Boden-Albala, T. Rundek, J. Thomas, H. Chen, L. E. Rabbani, R. L. Sacco, and A. G. Thrift Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Levels Are Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis * Editorial Comment Stroke, January 1, 2002; 33(1): 31 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Lamblin, C. Bauters, and N. Helbecque Gene polymorphisms of pro- (or anti-) inflammatory cytokines and vascular disease Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2001; 22(24): 2219 - 2220. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.E. Humphries, L.A. Luong, M.S. Ogg, E. Hawe, and G.J. Miller The interleukin-6 -174 G/C promoter polymorphism is associated with risk of coronary heart disease and systolic blood pressure in healthy men Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2001; 22(24): 2243 - 2252. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C D Garlichs, S Eskafi, D Raaz, A Schmidt, J Ludwig, M Herrmann, L Klinghammer, W G Daniel, and A Schmeisser Patients with acute coronary syndromes express enhanced CD40 ligand/CD154 on platelets Heart, December 1, 2001; 86(6): 649 - 655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. K. Hansson Immune Mechanisms in Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2001; 21(12): 1876 - 1890. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Lindmark, E. Diderholm, L. Wallentin, and A. Siegbahn Relationship Between Interleukin 6 and Mortality in Patients With Unstable Coronary Artery Disease: Effects of an Early Invasive or Noninvasive Strategy JAMA, November 7, 2001; 286(17): 2107 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tokunou, T. Ichiki, K. Takeda, Y. Funakoshi, N. Iino, H. Shimokawa, K. Egashira, and A. Takeshita Thrombin Induces Interleukin-6 Expression Through the cAMP Response Element in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2001; 21(11): 1759 - 1763. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Furman, M. R. Barnard, L. A. Krueger, M. L. Fox, E. A. Shilale, D. M. Lessard, P. Marchese, A. L. Frelinger III, R. J. Goldberg, and A. D. Michelson Circulating monocyte-platelet aggregates are an early marker of acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 2001; 38(4): 1002 - 1006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.J. Brull, H.E. Montgomery, J. Sanders, S. Dhamrait, L. Luong, A. Rumley, G.D.O. Lowe, and S.E. Humphries Interleukin-6 Gene -174G>C and -572G>C Promoter Polymorphisms Are Strong Predictors of Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2001; 21(9): 1458 - 1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Smith, S. D. Irving, J. Sheldon, D. Cole, and J. C. Kaski Serum Levels of the Antiinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 Are Decreased in Patients With Unstable Angina Circulation, August 14, 2001; 104(7): 746 - 749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Valen, Z.-q. Yan, and G.o. K. Hansson Nuclear factor kappa-B and the heart J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 1, 2001; 38(2): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Plenz, Z. F. Song, T. D.T. Tjan, C. Koenig, H. A. Baba, M. Erren, M. Flesch, T. Wichter, H. H. Scheld, and M. C. Deng Activation of the cardiac interleukin-6 system in advanced heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2001; 3(4): 415 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Simpson Jr Placing PRINCE in Perspective JAMA, July 4, 2001; 286(1): 91 - 93. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T O'malley, C.A Ludlam, R.A Riemermsa, and K.A.A Fox Early increase in levels of soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1). Potential risk factor for the acute coronary syndromes Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2001; 22(14): 1226 - 1234. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. G. Neri Serneri, M. Boddi, L. Poggesi, I. Simonetti, M. Coppo, M. L. Papa, G. F. Lisi, M. Maccherini, R. Becherini, A. Boncompagni, et al. Activation of cardiac renin-angiotensin system in unstable angina J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 2001; 38(1): 49 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Blankenberg, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Bickel, C. Espinola-Klein, G. Rippin, G. Hafner, M. Ossendorf, K. Steinhagen, and J. Meyer Cytomegalovirus Infection With Interleukin-6 Response Predicts Cardiac Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, June 19, 2001; 103(24): 2915 - 2921. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Liuzzo, D. J. Angiolillo, A. Buffon, V. Rizzello, C. Colizzi, F. Ginnetti, L. M. Biasucci, and A. Maseri Enhanced Response of Blood Monocytes to In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide-Challenge in Patients With Recurrent Unstable Angina Circulation, May 8, 2001; 103(18): 2236 - 2241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Mazzone, S De Servi, I Mazzucchelli, I Bossi, E Ottini, M Vezzoli, F Meloni, M Lotzinker, and G Mariani Increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators in unstable angina: correlation with serum troponin T Heart, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 571 - 575. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Liuzzo, A. N. Vallejo, S. L. Kopecky, R. L. Frye, D. R. Holmes, J. J. Goronzy, and C. M. Weyand Molecular Fingerprint of Interferon-{{gamma}} Signaling in Unstable Angina Circulation, March 20, 2001; 103(11): 1509 - 1514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Volpato, J. M. Guralnik, L. Ferrucci, J. Balfour, P. Chaves, L. P. Fried, and T. B. Harris Cardiovascular Disease, Interleukin-6, and Risk of Mortality in Older Women : The Women's Health and Aging Study Circulation, February 20, 2001; 103(7): 947 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Shaw, J. P. F. Chin-Dusting, B. A. Kingwell, and A. M. Dart Diurnal Variation in Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation Is Not Apparent in Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, February 13, 2001; 103(6): 806 - 812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Figueras, Y. Monasterio, R. M. Lidon, E. Nieto, and J. Soler-Soler Thrombin formation and fibrinolytic activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina: in-hospital course and relationship with recurrent angina at rest J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2000; 36(7): 2036 - 2043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. Taaffe, T. B. Harris, L. Ferrucci, J. Rowe, and T. E. Seeman Cross-sectional and Prospective Relationships of Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein With Physical Performance in Elderly Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2000; 55(12): 709M - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rauramaa, S. B. Vaisanen, L.-A. Luong, A. Schmidt-Trucksass, I. M. Penttila, C. Bouchard, J. Toyry, and S. E. Humphries Stromelysin-1 and Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms Are Determinants of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2000; 20(12): 2657 - 2662. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Zanger, B. K. Yang, J. Ardans, M. A. Waclawiw, G. Csako, L. M. Wahl, and R. O. Cannon III Divergent effects of hormone therapy on serum markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease on appropriate medical management J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 15, 2000; 36(6): 1797 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Woods, D.J. Brull, S.E. Humphries, and H.E. Montgomery Genetics of inflammation and risk of coronary artery disease: the central role of interleukin-6 Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2000; 21(19): 1574 - 1583. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Braunwald, E. M. Antman, J. W. Beasley, R. M. Califf, M. D. Cheitlin, J. S. Hochman, R. H. Jones, D. Kereiakes, J. Kupersmith, T. N. Levin, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-st-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the american college of cardiology/ american heart association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 1, 2000; 36(3): 970 - 1062. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|