(Circulation. 1995;92:3431-3435.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Modulation of Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery by Sex and Menstrual Cycle
From the Department of Geriatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Y.S., Y.T.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo (Japan).
Correspondence to Yasuyoshi Ouchi, MD, PhD, Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
Background Estrogen has been reported to augment endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The role of endogenous ovarian hormones in modulating endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, however, remains to be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sex and menstrual cycle on endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation.
Methods and Results Seventeen female volunteers 25.1±0.8
years old and 17 age-matched male volunteers were examined. We
measured brachial artery diameters noninvasively using a 7.5-MHz
ultrasound machine at rest, during reactive hyperemia, and
after sublingual nitroglycerin administration. All
female subjects were studied three times each, in three different
phases of one menstrual cycle (M, menstrual phase; F, follicular phase;
and L, luteal phase). Flow-mediated diameter (D) increase (%FMD;
D/Dx100) in M, when serum estradiol level was low
(121.9±12.5
pmol/L), was 11.22±0.58%, and the value was comparable to that in
male subjects (10.60±0.75%). %FMD increased in F (18.20±0.81%,
P<.01 versus M) and L (17.53±0.74%, P<.01
versus M), when serum estradiol level was high (F, 632.0±74.5 and L,
533.8±33.4 pmol/L, P<.01 versus M).
Endothelium-independent vasodilatation by
nitroglycerin increased in both F and L. However, the
increment was smaller than that of %FMD.
Conclusions Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation varies during the menstrual cycle. The endogenous estradiol may be involved in this menstrual cycle–related vasodilatation.
Key Words: vasodilation • women • endothelium
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M. Hashimoto, M. Eto, M. Akishita, K. Kozaki, J. Ako, K. Iijima, S. Kim, K. Toba, M. Yoshizumi, and Y. Ouchi Correlation Between Flow-Mediated Vasodilatation of the Brachial Artery and Intima-Media Thickness in the Carotid Artery in Men Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 1999; 19(11): 2795 - 2800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. McNeill, N. Kim, S. P. Duckles, D. N. Krause, and H. A. Kontos Chronic Estrogen Treatment Increases Levels of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein in Rat Cerebral Microvessels • Editorial Comment Stroke, October 1, 1999; 30(10): 2186 - 2190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J Duffy, G. New, R. W Harper, and I. T Meredith Metabolic vasodilation in the human forearm is preserved in hypercholesterolemia despite impairment of endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation Cardiovasc Res, August 15, 1999; 43(3): 721 - 730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Dorup, K. Skajaa, and K. E. Sorensen Normal pregnancy is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 1999; 276(3): H821 - H825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Ettinger, D. H. Silber, K. S. Gray, M. B. Smith, Q. X. Yang, A. R. Kunselman, and L. I. Sinoway Effects of the ovarian cycle on sympathetic neural outflow during static exercise J Appl Physiol, December 1, 1998; 85(6): 2075 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Goodfellow, M. F Bellamy, S. T Gorman, M. Brownlee, M. W Ramsey, M. J Lewis, D. P Davies, and A. H Henderson Endothelial function is impaired in fit young adults of low birth weight Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 1998; 40(3): 600 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Gerhard, B. W. Walsh, A. Tawakol, E. A. Haley, S. J. Creager, E. W. Seely, P. Ganz, and M. A. Creager Estradiol Therapy Combined With Progesterone and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, September 22, 1998; 98(12): 1158 - 1163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. E. Newby, R. Jalan, S. Masumori, P. C. Hayes, N. A. Boon, and D. J. Webb Peripheral vascular tone in patients with cirrhosis: role of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 1998; 38(1): 221 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. A. Barber and V. M. Miller Gender differences in endothelium-dependent relaxations do not involve NO in porcine coronary arteries Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2325 - H2332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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X. Wang, D. A. Barber, D. A. Lewis, C. G. A. McGregor, G. C. Sieck, L. A. Fitzpatrick, and V. M. Miller Gender and transcriptional regulation of NO synthase and ET-1 in porcine aortic endothelial cells Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): H1962 - H1967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Pinto, A. Virdis, L. Ghiadoni, G. Bernini, M. Lombardo, F. Petraglia, A. R. Genazzani, S. Taddei, and A. Salvetti Endogenous Estrogen and Acetylcholine-Induced Vasodilation in Normotensive Women Hypertension, January 1, 1997; 29(1): 268 - 273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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