(Circulation. 1995;91:2573-2581.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Effects of Long-term Enalapril Therapy on Cardiac Structure and Function in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Results of the SOLVD Echocardiography Substudy
From the Division of Cardiology (B.G.), Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Ore; Baylor College School of Medicine (M.A.Q.), Houston, Tex; Dalhousie University School of Medicine (C.K.), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; University of Florida College of Medicine (M.L.) (Gainesville); Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine (D.S.), Piscataway, NJ; University of Texas School of Medicine (C.B.) (Galveston); and Department of Biostatistics (B.S.), Collaborating Studies Coordinating Center, Chapel Hill, NC.
Correspondence to Barry Greenberg, MD, University of California at San Diego, 200 W Arbor St, San Diego, CA 92103-8411.
Background Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) demonstrated that enalapril therapy significantly improved the clinical course of patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The goals of this substudy were to evaluate changes in LV structure and function in SOLVD patients and to test the hypothesis that enalapril inhibits remodeling in patients with LV dysfunction.
Methods and Results Patients entering both the prevention and
treatment arms of SOLVD from 5 of the 23 clinical centers were
recruited for this substudy. The 301 patients who participated
underwent Doppler-echocardiographic evaluation according to standard
protocol before randomization to either enalapril or placebo and again
after 4 and 12 months of therapy. Recorded data were analyzed in a
blinded fashion at a central core laboratory. Analysis of baseline
clinical characteristics showed that patients enrolled in the substudy
were generally representative of the SOLVD population, although
prevention arm patients were slightly overrepresented in
the substudy group (69.8% compared with 61.9% of remaining SOLVD
patients). The enalapril group demonstrated significant reductions in
the mitral annular E-wave–to–A-wave velocity ratio (due
predominantly
to a reduction in E-wave velocity), and this response was different
from that seen in the placebo group (P=.030). Changes in the
E-to-A ratio in the enalapril group correlated significantly with
changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (r=.56;
P
.01). LV end-diastolic and end-systolic
volumes increased in placebo but not enalapril-treated patients, and
the differences in response between the treatment groups were
significant (P=.025 and .019, respectively). LV mass tended
to increase in placebo patients and to be reduced in enalapril-treated
patients, and the difference in response between the groups was highly
significant (P.001).
Conclusions These data demonstrate that enalapril attenuates progressive increases in LV dilatation and hypertrophy in patients with LV dysfunction. The results support the possibility that the favorable effects of enalapril reported in the SOLVD trials were related to inhibition of LV remodeling.
Key Words: enalapril • hypertrophy • echocardiography • heart failure • atrial natriuretic peptide
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  G. L. Nicolosi, S. Golcea, C. Ceconi, G. Parrinello, A. Decarli, M. Chiariello, W. J. Remme, L. Tavazzi, R. Ferrari, and on behalf of the PREAMI Investigators Effects of perindopril on cardiac remodelling and prognostic value of pre-discharge quantitative echocardiographic parameters in elderly patients after acute myocardial infarction: the PREAMI echo sub-study Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2009; 30(13): 1656 - 1665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. H. Jones, E. J. Velazquez, R. E. Michler, G. Sopko, J. K. Oh, C. M. O'Connor, J. A. Hill, L. Menicanti, Z. Sadowski, P. Desvigne-Nickens, et al. Coronary Bypass Surgery with or without Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction N. Engl. J. Med., April 23, 2009; 360(17): 1705 - 1717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Wachtell, R. B. Devereux, P. A. Lyle, P. M. Okin, and E. Gerdts The left atrium, atrial fibrillation, and the risk of stroke in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, December 1, 2008; 2(6): 507 - 513. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Greenberg An ACE in the Hole: Alternative Pathways of the Renin Angiotensin System and Their Potential Role in Cardiac Remodeling J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 26, 2008; 52(9): 755 - 757. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. D. Schocken, E. J. Benjamin, G. C. Fonarow, H. M. Krumholz, D. Levy, G. A. Mensah, J. Narula, E. S. Shor, J. B. Young, and Y. Hong Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Councils on Epidemiology and Prevention, Clinical Cardiology, Cardiovascular Nursing, and High Blood Pressure Research; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group; and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Group Circulation, May 13, 2008; 117(19): 2544 - 2565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Greenberg Molecular imaging of the remodeling heart: the next step forward. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., May 1, 2008; 1(3): 363 - 365. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Landau, C. Chayat, N. Zucker, E. Golomb, C. Yagil, Y. Yagil, and Y. Segev Early blood pressure-independent cardiac changes in diabetic rats J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 197(1): 75 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Mollema, S. S. Liem, M. S. Suffoletto, G. B. Bleeker, B. L. van der Hoeven, N. R. van de Veire, E. Boersma, E. R. Holman, E. E. van der Wall, M. J. Schalij, et al. Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony Acutely After Myocardial Infarction Predicts Left Ventricular Remodeling J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 16, 2007; 50(16): 1532 - 1540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. G. Spinale Myocardial Matrix Remodeling and the Matrix Metalloproteinases: Influence on Cardiac Form and Function Physiol Rev, October 1, 2007; 87(4): 1285 - 1342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Rosendorff, H. R. Black, C. P. Cannon, B. J. Gersh, J. Gore, J. L. Izzo Jr, N. M. Kaplan, C. M. O'Connor, P. T. O'Gara, and S. Oparil REPRINT Treatment of Hypertension in the Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention Hypertension, August 1, 2007; 50(2): e28 - e55. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Cheung, D. A. Bluemke, R. Klein, A. R. Sharrett, F.M. A. Islam, M. F. Cotch, B. E.K. Klein, M. H. Criqui, and T. Y. Wong Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing and Left Ventricular Remodeling: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 3, 2007; 50(1): 48 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Udelson, F. A. McGrew, E. Flores, H. Ibrahim, S. Katz, G. Koshkarian, T. O'Brien, M. W. Kronenberg, C. Zimmer, C. Orlandi, et al. Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Effect of Oral Tolvaptan on Left Ventricular Dilation and Function in Patients With Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 5, 2007; 49(22): 2151 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. de Teresa, J. J. Gomez-Doblas, G. Lamas, J. Alzueta, I. Fernandez-Lozano, E. Cobo, X. Navarro, F. Navarro-Lopez, and M. Stockburger Preventing ventricular dysfunction in pacemaker patients without advanced heart failure: rationale and design of the PREVENT-HF study Europace, June 1, 2007; 9(6): 442 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Rosendorff, H. R. Black, C. P. Cannon, B. J. Gersh, J. Gore, J. L. Izzo Jr, N. M. Kaplan, C. M. O'Connor, P. T. O'Gara, and S. Oparil Treatment of Hypertension in the Prevention and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention Circulation, May 29, 2007; 115(21): 2761 - 2788. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Ammar, S. J. Jacobsen, D. W. Mahoney, J. A. Kors, M. M. Redfield, J. C. Burnett Jr, and R. J. Rodeheffer Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Heart Failure Stages: Application of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Heart Failure Staging Criteria in the Community Circulation, March 27, 2007; 115(12): 1563 - 1570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Abdulla, S. Barlera, R. Latini, L. Kjoller-Hansen, P. Sogaard, E. Christensen, L. Kober, and C. Torp-Pedersen A systematic review: Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction in patients with a myocardial infarction and in patients with left ventricular dysfunction Eur J Heart Fail, February 1, 2007; 9(2): 129 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Birks, P. D. Tansley, J. Hardy, R. S. George, C. T. Bowles, M. Burke, N. R. Banner, A. Khaghani, and M. H. Yacoub Left Ventricular Assist Device and Drug Therapy for the Reversal of Heart Failure N. Engl. J. Med., November 2, 2006; 355(18): 1873 - 1884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Hudson, P. W. Armstrong, W. Ruzyllo, J. Brum, L. Cusmano, P. Krzeski, R. Lyon, M. Quinones, P. Theroux, D. Sydlowski, et al. Effects of Selective Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor (PG-116800) to Prevent Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: Results of the PREMIER (Prevention of Myocardial Infarction Early Remodeling) Trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 4, 2006; 48(1): 15 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Arzt and T. D. Bradley Treatment of Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2006; 173(12): 1300 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Natori, S. Lai, J. P. Finn, A. S. Gomes, W. G. Hundley, M. Jerosch-Herold, G. Pearson, S. Sinha, A. Arai, J. A. C. Lima, et al. Cardiovascular Function in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Normal Values by Age, Sex, and Ethnicity Am. J. Roentgenol., June 1, 2006; 186(6_Supplement_2): S357 - S365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Donal, C. Leclercq, C. Linde, and J.-C. Daubert Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on disease progression in chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2006; 27(9): 1018 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 The PREAMI Investigators* Effects of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition With Perindopril on Left Ventricular Remodeling and Clinical Outcome: Results of the Randomized Perindopril and Remodeling in Elderly With Acute Myocardial Infarction (PREAMI) Study. Arch Intern Med, March 27, 2006; 166(6): 659 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Ferrazzi, M. L.S. Matteucci, M. Merlo, A. Iacovoni, G. Rescigno, M. Bottai, P. Parrella, L. Lorini, M. Senni, and A. Gavazzi Surgical ventricular reverse remodeling in severe ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: The relevance of the left ventricular equator as a prognostic factor J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2006; 131(2): 357 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Cioffi, L. Tarantini, S. De Feo, G. Pulignano, D. Del Sindaco, C. Stefenelli, and C. Opasich Pharmacological left ventricular reverse remodeling in elderly patients receiving optimal therapy for chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2005; 7(6): 1040 - 1048. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Olsson, F. Bredin, and A. Franco-Cereceda Echocardiographic findings using tissue velocity imaging following passive containment surgery with the Acorn CorCapTM cardiac support device Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., September 1, 2005; 28(3): 448 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. K. Shah Preservation of Cardiac Extracellular Matrix by Passive Myocardial Restraint: An Emerging New Therapeutic Paradigm in the Prevention of Adverse Remodeling and Progressive Heart Failure Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9): 1245 - 1247. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Blom, R. Mukherjee, J. J. Pilla, A. S. Lowry, W. M. Yarbrough, J. T. Mingoia, J. W. Hendrick, R. E. Stroud, J. E. McLean, J. Affuso, et al. Cardiac Support Device Modifies Left Ventricular Geometry and Myocardial Structure After Myocardial Infarction Circulation, August 30, 2005; 112(9): 1274 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Levine and E. Schwammenthal Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation on the Threshold of a Solution: From Paradoxes to Unifying Concepts Circulation, August 2, 2005; 112(5): 745 - 758. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Mann and M. R. Bristow Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure: The Biomechanical Model and Beyond Circulation, May 31, 2005; 111(21): 2837 - 2849. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Grayburn, C. P. Appleton, A. N. DeMaria, B. Greenberg, B. Lowes, J. Oh, J. F. Plehn, P. Rahko, M. St. John Sutton, E. J. Eichhorn, et al. Echocardiographic predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure: The Beta-blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 5, 2005; 45(7): 1064 - 1071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Sliwa, G. R. Norton, N. Kone, G. Candy, J. Kachope, A. J. Woodiwiss, C. Libhaber, P. Sareli, and R. Essop Impact of initiating carvedilol before angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy on cardiac function in newly diagnosed heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 2, 2004; 44(9): 1825 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Pieske Reverse remodeling in heart failure - fact or fiction? Eur. Heart J. Suppl., August 1, 2004; 6(suppl_D): D66 - D78. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E. Tsirka, K. Trinkaus, S.-C. Chen, S. E. Lipshultz, J. A. Towbin, S. D. Colan, V. Exil, A. W. Strauss, and C. E. Canter Improved outcomes of pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy with utilization of heart transplantation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 21, 2004; 44(2): 391 - 397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Lonn, R. Shaikholeslami, Q. Yi, J. Bosch, B. Sullivan, P. Tanser, A. Magi, and S. Yusuf Effects of ramipril on left ventricular mass and function in cardiovascular patients with controlled blood pressure and with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: A substudy of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 16, 2004; 43(12): 2200 - 2206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Wong, L. Staszewsky, R. Latini, S. Barlera, R. Glazer, N. Aknay, A. Hester, I. Anand, and J. N. Cohn Severity of left ventricular remodeling defines outcomes and response to therapy in heart failure: Valsartan heart failure trial (Val-HeFT) echocardiographic data J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2004; 43(11): 2022 - 2027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Sakata, K. Yamamoto, T. Mano, N. Nishikawa, J. Yoshida, M. Hori, T. Miwa, and T. Masuyama Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases Precedes Left Ventricular Remodeling in Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats: Its Inhibition as a Primary Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Circulation, May 4, 2004; 109(17): 2143 - 2149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Cohn Blood pressure and the therapy of advanced heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 21, 2004; 43(8): 1430 - 1431. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. McKelvie, J.-L. Rouleau, M. White, R. Afzal, J. B. Young, A. P. Maggioni, P. Held, and S. Yusuf Comparative impact of enalapril, candesartan or metoprolol alone or in combination on ventricular remodelling in patients with congestive heart failure Eur. Heart J., October 1, 2003; 24(19): 1727 - 1734. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Jessup and S. Brozena Heart Failure N. Engl. J. Med., May 15, 2003; 348(20): 2007 - 2018. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Blaxall, B. M. Tschannen-Moran, C. A. Milano, and W. J. Koch Differential gene expression and genomic patient stratification following left ventricular assist device support J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 2, 2003; 41(7): 1096 - 1106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Burkhoff New heart failure therapy: The shape of things to come? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2003; 125(90030): S50 - 52. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Menicanti and M. Di Donato The Dor procedure: What has changed after fifteen years of clinical practice? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., November 1, 2002; 124(5): 886 - 890. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.P. Coletta, A.A. Louis, A.L. Clark, N. Nikitin, and J.G.F. Cleland Clinical trials update from the European Society of Cardiology: CARMEN, EARTH, OPTIMAAL, ACE, TEN-HMS, MAGIC, SOLVD-X and PATH-CHF II Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2002; 4(5): 661 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Wong, L. Staszewsky, R. Latini, S. Barlera, A. Volpi, Y.-T. Chiang, R. L. Benza, S. O. Gottlieb, T. D. Kleemann, F. Rosconi, et al. Valsartan benefits left ventricular structure and function in heart failure: Val-HeFT echocardiographic study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 4, 2002; 40(5): 970 - 975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. S. Anand, V. G. Florea, and L. Fisher Surrogate end points in heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2002; 39(9): 1414 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Saxon, T. De Marco, J. Schafer, K. Chatterjee, U. N. Kumar, and E. Foster Effects of Long-Term Biventricular Stimulation for Resynchronization on Echocardiographic Measures of Remodeling Circulation, March 19, 2002; 105(11): 1304 - 1310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G F Cleland, J. John, J. Dhawan, and A. Clark What is the optimal medical management of ischaemic heart failure? Br. Med. Bull., October 1, 2001; 59(1): 135 - 158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Mann and H. Taegtmeyer Dynamic Regulation of the Extracellular Matrix After Mechanical Unloading of the Failing Human Heart: Recovering the Missing Link in Left Ventricular Remodeling Circulation, September 4, 2001; 104(10): 1089 - 1091. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chro, W. J. Remme, and K. Swedberg Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure Eur. Heart J., September 1, 2001; 22(17): 1527 - 1560. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Burkhoff New heart failure therapy: The shape of things to come? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 2001; 122(3): 421 - 423. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Stetson, A. Perez-Verdia, W. Mazur, J. A. Farmer, M. M. Koerner, D. G. Weilbaecher, M. L. Entman, M. A. Quinones, G. P. Noon, and G. Torre-Amione Cardiac Hypertrophy After Transplantation Is Associated With Persistent Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Circulation, August 7, 2001; 104(6): 676 - 681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Kjoller-Hansen, R. Steffensen, and P. Grande Beneficial effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization are associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2001; 37(5): 1214 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Cice, L. Ferrara, A. Di Benedetto, P. E. Russo, G. Marinelli, F. Pavese, and A. Iacono Dilated cardiomyopathy in dialysis patients--beneficial effects of carvedilol: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 1, 2001; 37(2): 407 - 411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Quinones, B. H. Greenberg, H. A. Kopelen, C. Koilpillai, M. C. Limacher, D. M. Shindler, B. J. Shelton, D. H. Weiner, and for the SOLVD Investigators Echocardiographic predictors of clinical outcome in patients with left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the SOLVD registry and trials: significance of left ventricular hypertrophy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 1, 2000; 35(5): 1237 - 1244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Cohn, R. Ferrari, N. Sharpe, and on Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Rem Cardiac remodeling--concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodeling J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 2000; 35(3): 569 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Willenbrock, S. Philipp, V. Mitrovic, and R. Dietz Neurohumoral blockade in CHF management Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2000; 1(1_suppl): 24 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Muller, G. Wallukat, M. Dandel, H. Bieda, K. Brandes, S. Spiegelsberger, E. Nissen, R. Kunze, and R. Hetzer Immunoglobulin Adsorption in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Circulation, February 1, 2000; 101(4): 385 - 391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. McElmurray III, R. Mukherjee, R. B. New, A. C. Sampson, M. K. King, J. W. Hendrick, A. Goldberg, T. J. Peterson, H. Hallak, M. R. Zile, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition with Developing Heart Failure: Comparative Effects on Left Ventricular Function and Geometry J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 1999; 291(2): 799 - 811. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. H. Greenberg Role of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Heart Failure : Not Yet RESOLVD Circulation, September 7, 1999; 100(10): 1032 - 1034. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Mann Mechanisms and Models in Heart Failure : A Combinatorial Approach Circulation, August 31, 1999; 100(9): 999 - 1008. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Scanlon, D. P. Faxon, A.-M. Audet, B. Carabello, G. J. Dehmer, K. A. Eagle, R. D. Legako, D. F. Leon, J. A. Murray, S. E. Nissen, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for coronary angiography: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Coronary Angiography) developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 1999; 33(6): 1756 - 1824. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. V. Exner, D. L. Dries, M. A. Waclawiw, B. Shelton, and M. J. Domanski Beta-adrenergic blocking agent use and mortality in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a post hoc analysis of the studies of left ventricular dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 15, 1999; 33(4): 916 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. French, D. J. Amos, B. F. Williams, D. B. Cross, J. M. Elliott, H. H. Hart, M. G. Williams, R. M. Norris, N. G. Ashton, R. M. L. Whitlock, et al. Effects of early captopril administration after thrombolysis on regional wall motion in relation to infarct artery blood flow J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 1999; 33(1): 139 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. van Veldhuisen, S. Genth-Zotz, J. Brouwer, F. Boomsma, T. Netzer, A. J. Man in 't Veld, Y. M. Pinto, K. I. Lie, and H. J. G. M. Crijns High- versus low-dose ACE inhibition in chronic heart failure: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of imidapril J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 1998; 32(7): 1811 - 1818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Katz Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy : New Hope for Dying Hearts Circulation, August 18, 1998; 98(7): 623 - 624. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. St. J. Sutton, M. A. Pfeffer, L. Moye, T. Plappert, J. L. Rouleau, G. Lamas, J. Rouleau, J. O. Parker, M. O. Arnold, B. Sussex, et al. Cardiovascular Death and Left Ventricular Remodeling Two Years After Myocardial Infarction : Baseline Predictors and Impact of Long-term Use of Captopril: Information From the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Trial Circulation, November 18, 1997; 96(10): 3294 - 3299. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Vasan, M. G. Larson, E. J. Benjamin, J. C. Evans, and D. Levy Left Ventricular Dilatation and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure in People without Myocardial Infarction N. Engl. J. Med., May 8, 1997; 336(19): 1350 - 1355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Poole-Wilson Prediction of Heart Failure -- An Art Aided by Technology N. Engl. J. Med., May 8, 1997; 336(19): 1381 - 1382. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Eichhorn and M. R. Bristow Medical Therapy Can Improve the Biological Properties of the Chronically Failing Heart: A New Era in the Treatment of Heart Failure Circulation, November 1, 1996; 94(9): 2285 - 2296. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. N. Cohn Structural Basis for Heart Failure : Ventricular Remodeling and Its Pharmacological Inhibition Circulation, May 15, 1995; 91(10): 2504 - 2507. [Full Text]
|
|