Circulation, Vol 88, 2541-2547, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
PR Casino, CM Kilcoyne, AA Quyyumi, JM Hoeg and JA Panza
BACKGROUND. Patients with hypercholesterolemia have a reduced response to
endothelium-dependent vasodilators. However, the regulatory function of the
endothelium on vascular tone is mediated through the release of several
vasoactive substances; therefore, a reduced response to
endothelium-dependent agents does not identify which of the factors
released by the endothelium is involved in this abnormality. METHODS AND
RESULTS. To investigate the role of nitric oxide in the endothelium-
dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia, we studied the effect of
NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), an inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide
synthesis, on basal vascular tone and on the responses to acetylcholine, an
endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and to sodium nitroprusside, a direct
smooth muscle dilator. The study included 33 hypercholesterolemic patients
(17 men; 51 +/- 8 years; plasma cholesterol, > or = 240 mg/dL) and 23
normal controls (12 men; 48 +/- 7 years; plasma cholesterol, < 210
mg/dL). Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and the response of
the forearm vasculature was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. Basal
blood flow and vascular resistance were similar in hypercholesterolemic
patients and normal controls (3.1 +/- 1 versus 2.6 +/- 0.8 mL/min per 100
mL and 32.1 +/- 13 versus 36.1 +/- 12 mm Hg/mL-1.min-1.100 mL-1,
respectively). The reduction in basal blood flow and increase in vascular
resistance produced by L-NMMA were not significantly different between the
two groups. L-NMMA markedly blunted the response to acetylcholine in
normals (maximum flow decreased from 16.4 +/- 8 to 7.0 +/- 3; P < .005);
however, the arginine analogue did not significantly modify the response to
acetylcholine in the hypercholesterolemic patients (maximum flow, 11.1 +/-
8 versus 10.0 +/- 8). L-NMMA did not modify the vasodilator response to
sodium nitroprusside in either controls or patients. CONCLUSIONS. These
findings indicate that hypercholesterolemic patients have a defect in the
bioactivity of nitric oxide that may explain their impaired
endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation.
ARTICLES
The role of nitric oxide in endothelium-dependent vasodilation of hypercholesterolemic patients
Cardiology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. 20892.
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R. W. Jeremy, H. McCarron, and D. Sullivan Effects of Dietary L-Arginine on Atherosclerosis and Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatationin the Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit: Response According to Treatment Duration, Anatomic Site, and Sex Circulation, August 1, 1996; 94(3): 498 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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V. Guetta and R. O. Cannon III Cardiovascular Effects of Estrogen and Lipid-Lowering Therapies in Postmenopausal Women Circulation, May 15, 1996; 93(10): 1928 - 1937. [Full Text]
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J. Lambert, M. Aarsen, A. J.M. Donker, and C. D.A. Stehouwer Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation of Large Arteries in Normoalbuminuric Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 1996; 16(5): 705 - 711. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S.-i. Yamagishi, M. Ohta, C. Segawa, T. Abe, and T. Sawada A Rare Case of Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Without Prominent Risk Factors Complicated by Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura A Case Report Angiology, April 1, 1996; 47(4): 413 - 417. [Abstract] [PDF]
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J. Galle, J. Bengen, P. Schollmeyer, and C. Wanner Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Dilation in Rabbit Renal Arteries by Oxidized Lipoprotein(a) : Role of Oxygen-Derived Radicals Circulation, September 15, 1995; 92(6): 1582 - 1589. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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T. A. Bruning, P. C. Chang, M. G.C. Hendriks, P. Vermeij, M. Pfaffendorf, and P. A. van Zwieten In Vivo Characterization of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes That Mediate Vasodilatation in Patients With Essential Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 1995; 26(1): 70 - 77. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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C. M. Stein, R. Nelson, M. Brown, M. Wood, and A. J. J. Wood Dietary Sodium Intake Modulates Vasodilation Mediated by Nitroprusside But Not by Methacholine in the Human Forearm Hypertension, June 1, 1995; 25(6): 1220 - 1223. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. A. Panza, C. E. Garcia, C. M. Kilcoyne, A. A. Quyyumi, and R. O. Cannon III Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension : Evidence That Nitric Oxide Abnormality Is Not Localized to a Single Signal Transduction Pathway Circulation, March 15, 1995; 91(6): 1732 - 1738. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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