Circulation, Vol 61, 463-470, Copyright © 1980 by American Heart Association
DD Heistad and FM Abboud
Circulatory adjustments during hypoxia act to redistribute blood flow and
maintain arterial pressure. Redistribution of blood flow is accomplished by
a local effect of hypoxia, which produces dilatation in coronary and
cerebral vessels, and the chemoreceptor reflex, which produces
vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle and the splanchnic bed and dilatation
in coronary vessels. Arterial pressure is maintained primarily by the
chemoreceptor reflex. If the chemoreceptor reflex fails to maintain
arterial pressure, hypoxia and hypotension together activate the central
pressor response. Compensatory mechanisms usually are sufficient to
maintain homeostasis during hypoxia. However, when a hypotensive stress is
superimposed during hypoxia, compensatory mechanisms may fail to maintain
arterial pressure. Thus, systemic hypoxia interferes with autonomic
cardiovascular adjustments.
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Dickinson W. Richards Lecture: Circulatory adjustments to hypoxia
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