This Article Free upon publication Full Text Full Text (PDF) Correction Correction (v119,pe380) All Versions of this Article: 118/10/1080    most recent CIRCULATIONAHA.107.189420v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Somers, V. K. Articles by Young, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Somers, V. K. Articles by Young, T. Related Collections Other etiology AHA Statements and Guidelines

(Circulation. 2008;118:1080-1111.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

AHA/ACCF Scientific Statement

Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease

An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health)

Virend K. Somers, MD, DPhil, FAHA, FACC, Chair; David P. White, MD, Co-Chair; Raouf Amin, MD, Co-Chair; William T. Abraham, MD, FAHA, FACC; Fernando Costa, MD, FAHA; Antonio Culebras, MD, FAHA; Stephen Daniels, MD, PhD, FAHA; John S. Floras, MD, DPhil, FAHA, FACC; Carl E. Hunt, MD; Lyle J. Olson, MD, FACC; Thomas G. Pickering, MD, DPhil, FAHA; Richard Russell, MD, FAHA, FACC; Mary Woo, RN, PhD, FAHA; Terry Young, PhD

Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • sleep • apnea • arrhythmia • blood pressure • cerebrovascular disorders • death, sudden

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Sleep-related breathing disorders are highly prevalent in patients with established cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects an estimated 15 million adult Americans and is present in a large proportion of patients with hypertension and in those with other cardiovascular disorders, including coronary artery disease, stroke, and atrial fibrillation.^1–14 In contrast, central sleep apnea (CSA) occurs mainly in patients with heart failure.^15–19 The purpose of this Scientific Statement is to describe the types and prevalence of sleep apnea and its relevance to individuals who either are at risk for or already have established cardiovascular disease. Special emphasis is given to recognizing the patient with cardiovascular disease who has coexisting sleep apnea, to understanding the mechanisms by which sleep apnea may contribute to the progression of the cardiovascular condition, and to identifying strategies for treatment. This document is not intended as a systematic review but rather seeks to highlight concepts and evidence important to understanding the interactions between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, with particular attention to more recent advances in patient-oriented research. Implicit in this first American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Scientific Statement on Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease is the recognition that, although holding great promise, this general area is in need of a substantially expanded knowledge base. Specific questions include whether sleep apnea is important in initiating the development of cardiac and vascular disease, whether sleep apnea in patients with established cardiovascular disease accelerates disease progression, and whether treatment of sleep apnea results in clinical improvement, fewer . . . [Full Text of this Article]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				U. D. McCann, F. P. Sgambati, A. R. Schwartz, and G. A. Ricaurte Sleep apnea in young abstinent recreational MDMA ("ecstasy") consumers Neurology, December 8, 2009; 73(23): 2011 - 2017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Pialoux, P. J. Hanly, G. E. Foster, J. V. Brugniaux, A. E. Beaudin, S. E. Hartmann, M. Pun, C. T. Duggan, and M. J. Poulin Effects of Exposure to Intermittent Hypoxia on Oxidative Stress and Acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Humans Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 15, 2009; 180(10): 1002 - 1009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Hermann and C. L. Bassetti Sleep-related breathing and sleep-wake disturbances in ischemic stroke Neurology, October 20, 2009; 73(16): 1313 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Riegel, D. K. Moser, S. D. Anker, L. J. Appel, S. B. Dunbar, K. L. Grady, M. Z. Gurvitz, E. P. Havranek, C. S. Lee, J. Lindenfeld, et al. State of the Science: Promoting Self-Care in Persons With Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Circulation, September 22, 2009; 120(12): 1141 - 1163. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L. Verrier and M. E. Josephson Impact of Sleep on Arrhythmogenesis Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2009; 2(4): 450 - 459. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Baranchuk, J. S. Healey, C. S. Simpson, D. P. Redfearn, C. A. Morillo, S. J. Connolly, and M. Fitzpatrick Atrial overdrive pacing in sleep apnoea: a meta-analysis Europace, August 1, 2009; 11(8): 1037 - 1040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Chilukuri, D. Dalal, J. E. Marine, D. Scherr, C. A. Henrikson, A. Cheng, S. Nazarian, D. Spragg, R. Berger, and H. Calkins Predictive value of obstructive sleep apnoea assessed by the Berlin Questionnaire for outcomes after the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation Europace, July 1, 2009; 11(7): 896 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J S Floras Should sleep apnoea be a specific target of therapy in chronic heart failure? Heart, July 1, 2009; 95(13): 1041 - 1046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. E. Foster, J. V. Brugniaux, V. Pialoux, C. T. C. Duggan, P. J. Hanly, S. B. Ahmed, and M. J. Poulin Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute hypoxia following exposure to intermittent hypoxia in healthy humans J. Physiol., July 1, 2009; 587(13): 3287 - 3299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S.H. Bell and J. H. O'Keefe Metabolic syndrome and postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2009; 30(10): 1167 - 1168. [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Baruah, C. H. Manisty, A. Giannoni, K. Willson, Y. Mebrate, A. J. Baksi, B. Unsworth, N. Hadjiloizou, R. Sutton, J. Mayet, et al. Novel Use of Cardiac Pacemakers in Heart Failure to Dynamically Manipulate the Respiratory System Through Algorithmic Changes in Cardiac Output Circ Heart Fail, May 1, 2009; 2(3): 166 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Veasey Peptide amidation: a push me, don't pull you for the morbidities in sleep apnea J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2009; 106(1): 3 - 4. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Floras Hypertension, Sleep Apnea, and Atherosclerosis Hypertension, January 1, 2009; 53(1): 1 - 3. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. L. Murray Cognitive and Communicative Consequences of Cardiovascular Disease Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders, December 1, 2008; 18(4): 152 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]