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(Circulation. 2007;116:344-357.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.

AHA Scientific Statements

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Nursing Practice: Focus on Children and Youth

A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in Youth of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism

Laura L. Hayman, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA; Janet C. Meininger, PhD, RN, FAAN; Stephen R. Daniels, MD, PhD, FAHA; Brian W. McCrindle, MD, MPH; Liz Helden, MEd, BSN, RN; Joyce Ross, MSN, RN; Barbara A. Dennison, MD, FAHA; Julia Steinberger, MD, MS; Christine L. Williams, MD, MPH, FAHA

Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • cardiovascular diseases • children • pediatrics • prevention • risk factors

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality in women and men in the United States, most of the industrialized world, and many developing countries.¹ Data accumulated over the past 3 decades indicate that atherosclerotic-CVD processes begin early in childhood and are influenced over the life course by genetic and potentially modifiable risk factors and environmental exposures. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence for primary prevention of CVD beginning early in childhood. Within the pediatric healthcare community, this evidence has prompted and informed the development of science-based guidelines with recommendations for individual/high-risk and population-based approaches to primary prevention of CVD in children and youth. The purpose of this statement is to provide an overview of the evidence and current science-based recommendations and to emphasize the role of advanced practice nurses in the implementation of strategies consistent with population-based and individual/high-risk approaches to CVD prevention in children and youth.

	Evidence for CVD Prevention in Childhood

 
Evidence-based guidelines for primary and secondary prevention of CVD in adults are informed by the results of randomized controlled trials. The existing evidence (discussed below) argues convincingly for prevention of CVD beginning early in childhood. It is noteworthy that data from randomized controlled trials documenting the effect of risk reduction in childhood on the development of CVD in adulthood are nonexistent. Similarly, no long-term longitudinal studies have been conducted to determine the absolute levels of risk factors measured in childhood that predict CVD in adult life. However, evidence from laboratory, clinical, and epidemiological studies supports the need . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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