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Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e151
Published online before print January 11, 2006, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.171600
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(Circulation. 2006;113:e85-e151.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.


AHA Statistical Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update

A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Writing Group: Thomas Thom; Nancy Haase; Wayne Rosamond, PhD; Virginia J. Howard, MSPH, FAHA; John Rumsfeld, MD, PhD, FAHA; Teri Manolio, MD, PhD, FAHA; Zhi-Jie Zheng, MD, PhD*; Katherine Flegal, PhD*; Christopher O’Donnell, MD, MPH, FAHA; Steven Kittner, MD; Donald Lloyd-Jones, MD; David C. Goff, Jr, MD, PhD, FAHA; Yuling Hong, MD, MSC, PhD, FAHA; Members of the Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee**; Robert Adams, MD; Gary Friday, MD, MPH; Karen Furie, MD, MPH; Philip Gorelick, MD, MPH; Brett Kissela, MD; John Marler, MD; James Meigs, MD; Veronique Roger, MD; Stephen Sidney, MD, MPH; Paul Sorlie, PhD; Julia Steinberger, MD, MSC; Sylvia Wasserthiel-Smoller, PhD; Matthew Wilson, MD; Philip Wolf, MD


An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.
 


*    Table of Contents
 

  1. About These Statistics
  2. Cardiovascular Diseases
  3. Coronary Heart Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome and Angina Pectoris
  4. Stroke and Stroke in Children
  5. High Blood Pressure (and End-Stage Renal Disease)
  6. Congenital Cardiovascular Defects
  7. Heart Failure
  8. Other Cardiovascular Diseases
       –Arrhythmias (Disorders of Heart Rhythm)
       –Arteries, Diseases of (including Peripheral Arterial Disease)
       –Bacterial Endocarditis
       –Cardiomyopathy
       –Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease
       –Valvular Heart Disease
       –Venous Thromboembolism

  9. Risk Factors
       –Tobacco
       –High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipids
       –Physical Inactivity
       –Overweight and Obesity
       –Diabetes Mellitus

  10. Metabolic Syndrome
  11. Nutrition
  12. Quality of Care
  13. Medical Procedures
  14. Economic Cost of Cardiovascular Diseases
  15. At-a-Glance Summary Tables
       –Men and Cardiovascular Diseases
       –Women and Cardiovascular Diseases
       –Ethnic Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases
       –Children, Youth and Cardiovascular Diseases

  16. Glossary and Abbreviation Guide
  17. Acknowledgment
  18. References

Appendix I: List of Statistical Fact Sheets. URL: http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=2007


*    1. About These Statistics
 
The American Heart Association works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS), the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and other government agencies to derive the annual statistics in this update. This section describes the most important sources we use. For more details and an alphabetical list of abbreviations, see the Glossary and Abbreviation Guide.

All statistics are for the most recent year available. Prevalence, mortality and hospitalizations are computed for 2003 unless otherwise noted. Mortality as an underlying or contributing cause of death is for 2002. Economic cost estimates are for 2006. Due to late release of data, some disease mortality are not updated to 2003. Mortality for 2003 . . . [Full Text of this Article]




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Cardiovasc ResHome page
N. J. Palpant, S. M. Day, T. J. Herron, K. L. Converso, and J. M. Metzger
Single histidine-substituted cardiac troponin I confers protection from age-related systolic and diastolic dysfunction
Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2008; 80(2): 209 - 218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
M. P. Ostrom, A. Gopal, N. Ahmadi, K. Nasir, E. Yang, I. Kakadiaris, F. Flores, S. S. Mao, and M. J. Budoff
Mortality Incidence and the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis Assessed by Computed Tomography Angiography
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 14, 2008; 52(16): 1335 - 1343.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ Arrhythm ElectrophysiolHome page
J. K. Triedman
Should patients with congenital heart disease and a systemic ventricular ejection fraction less than 30% undergo prophylactic implantation of an ICD?: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation Guidelines Based Solely on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Do Not Apply to Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, October 1, 2008; 1(4): 307 - 316.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.Home page
L. Testa, W.J. Van Gaal, R. Bhindi, G.G.L. Biondi-Zoccai, A. Abbate, P. Agostoni, I. Porto, F. Andreotti, F. Crea, and A.P. Banning
Pexelizumab in ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 15,196 patients.
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2008; 136(4): 884 - 893.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Biol Res NursHome page
M.-K. Tai, J. C. Meininger, and L. Q. Frazier
A Systematic Review of Exercise Interventions in Patients With Heart Failure
Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2008; 10(2): 156 - 182.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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J Telemed TelecareHome page
U. Trankler, O. Hagen, and A. Horsch
Video quality of 3G videophones for telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation
J Telemed Telecare, October 1, 2008; 14(7): 396 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ther Adv Cardiovasc DisHome page
P. Talelli and R. J. Greenwood
Review: Recurrent stroke: where do we stand with the secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischaemic strokes?
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, October 1, 2008; 2(5): 387 - 405.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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FASEB J.Home page
A. Granger, I. Abdullah, F. Huebner, A. Stout, T. Wang, T. Huebner, J. A. Epstein, and P. J. Gruber
Histone deacetylase inhibition reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice
FASEB J, October 1, 2008; 22(10): 3549 - 3560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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StrokeHome page
H. S. Nagarajarao, A. D. Penman, H. A. Taylor, T. H. Mosley, K. Butler, T. N. Skelton, T. E. Samdarshi, G. Aru, and E. R. Fox
The Predictive Value of Left Atrial Size for Incident Ischemic Stroke and All-Cause Mortality in African Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Stroke, October 1, 2008; 39(10): 2701 - 2706.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Am Coll CardiolHome page
S. Bangalore, D. Wild, S. Parkar, M. Kukin, and F. H. Messerli
Beta-Blockers for Primary Prevention of Heart Failure in Patients With Hypertension: Insights From a Meta-Analysis
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 23, 2008; 52(13): 1062 - 1072.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Physiol. GenomicsHome page
S. Chakraborty, J. Cheek, B. Sakthivel, B. J. Aronow, and K. E. Yutzey
Shared gene expression profiles in developing heart valves and osteoblast progenitor cells
Physiol Genomics, September 17, 2008; 35(1): 75 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J Law Med EthicsHome page
K. C. Ferdinand
Fixed-dose isosorbide dinitrate-hydralazine: race-based cardiovascular medicine benefit or mirage?
J. Law Med. Ethics, September 1, 2008; 36(3): 458 - 463.
[PDF]


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Arch OphthalmolHome page
B.-A. Nguyen-Khoa, E. L. Goehring Jr, W. Werther, E. W. Gower, D. V. Do, and J. K. Jones
Hospitalized Cardiovascular Diseases in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Arch Ophthalmol, September 1, 2008; 126(9): 1280 - 1286.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
P. J. Mueller
Influence of sedentary versus physically active conditions on regulation of plasma renin activity and vasopressin
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): R727 - R732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HypertensionHome page
R. Coimbra, L. S. Sanchez, J. M. Potenza, L. V. Rossoni, S. L. Amaral, and L. C. Michelini
Is Gender Crucial for Cardiovascular Adjustments Induced by Exercise Training in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats?
Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): 514 - 521.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Intern MedHome page
K. J. Anstrom, D. F. Kong, L. K. Shaw, R. M. Califf, J. M. Kramer, E. D. Peterson, S. V. Rao, D. B. Matchar, D. B. Mark, R. A. Harrington, et al.
Long-term Clinical Outcomes Following Coronary Stenting
Arch Intern Med, August 11, 2008; 168(15): 1647 - 1655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ther Adv Cardiovasc DisHome page
J. R. Romero, J. Morris, and A. Pikula
Review: Stroke prevention: modifying risk factors
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, August 1, 2008; 2(4): 287 - 303.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Journal of Family NursingHome page
P. Hall, J. T. Sanford, and A. S. Demi
Patterns of Decision Making by Wives of Patients With LifeThreatening Cardiac Disease
Journal of Family Nursing, August 1, 2008; 14(3): 347 - 362.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Vasc MedHome page
A. T Hirsch, L. Hartman, R. J Town, and B. A Virnig
National health care costs of peripheral arterial disease in the Medicare population
Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2008; 13(3): 209 - 215.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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Eur Heart JHome page
F. Baldazzi, E. Jorgensen, R. S. Ripa, and J. Kastrup
Release of biomarkers of myocardial damage after direct intramyocardial injection of genes and stem cells via the percutaneous transluminal route
Eur. Heart J., August 1, 2008; 29(15): 1819 - 1826.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch NeurolHome page
L. G. Stead, R. M. Gilmore, M. F. Bellolio, A. A. Rabinstein, and W. W. Decker
Percutaneous Clot Removal Devices in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Arch Neurol, August 1, 2008; 65(8): 1024 - 1030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Eur J Heart FailHome page
Meta-analysis Research Group in Echocardiography (
Independence of restrictive filling pattern and LV ejection fraction with mortality in heart failure: An individual patient meta-analysis
Eur J Heart Fail, August 1, 2008; 10(8): 786 - 792.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Toxicol SciHome page
V. Mehta, R. E. Peterson, and W. Heideman
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Exposure Prevents Cardiac Valve Formation in Developing Zebrafish
Toxicol. Sci., August 1, 2008; 104(2): 303 - 311.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Circ Heart FailHome page
J. Butler, A. Kalogeropoulos, V. Georgiopoulou, R. Belue, N. Rodondi, M. Garcia, D. C. Bauer, S. Satterfield, A. L. Smith, V. Vaccarino, et al.
Incident Heart Failure Prediction in the Elderly: The Health ABC Heart Failure Score
Circ Heart Fail, July 1, 2008; 1(2): 125 - 133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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radtechHome page
M. E Madden
Diagnostic Imaging of Cerebrovascular Injury
Radiol. Technol., July 1, 2008; 79(6): 535MR - 549MR.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
C. A. Warnes
Sex Differences in Congenital Heart Disease: Should a Woman Be More Like a Man?
Circulation, July 1, 2008; 118(1): 3 - 5.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
T. Koyanagi, L. Y. Wong, K. Inagaki, O. V. Petrauskene, and D. Mochly-Rosen
Alteration of gene expression during progression of hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H220 - H226.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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HypertensionHome page
T. G. Pickering, N. H. Miller, G. Ogedegbe, L. R. Krakoff, N. T. Artinian, and D. Goff
Call to Action on Use and Reimbursement for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Joint Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association
Hypertension, July 1, 2008; 52(1): 10 - 29.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch Intern MedHome page
R. G. Victor, D. Leonard, P. Hess, D. G. Bhat, J. Jones, P. A. C. Vaeth, J. Ravenell, A. Freeman, R. P. Wilson, and R. W. Haley
Factors Associated With Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Dallas County, Texas
Arch Intern Med, June 23, 2008; 168(12): 1285 - 1293.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CirculationHome page
D. Mozaffarian, P. W.F. Wilson, and W. B. Kannel
Beyond Established and Novel Risk Factors: Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Circulation, June 10, 2008; 117(23): 3031 - 3038.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
D. Mozaffarian
Fish and n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2008; 87(6): 1991S - 1996S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
N. F. Mamoun, M. Xu, D. I. Sessler, J. F. Sabik, and C. A. Bashour
Propensity Matched Comparison of Outcomes in Older and Younger Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Ann. Thorac. Surg., June 1, 2008; 85(6): 1974 - 1979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Diabetes CareHome page
H. Taylor, J. Liu, G. Wilson, S. H. Golden, E. Crook, C. D. Brunson, M. Steffes, W. D. Johnson, and J. H. Sung
Distinct Component Profiles and High Risk Among African Americans With Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2008; 31(6): 1248 - 1253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Chem.Home page
A. Kelley-Hedgepeth, D. M. Lloyd-Jones, A. Colvin, K. A. Matthews, J. Johnston, M. R. Sowers, B. Sternfeld, R. C. Pasternak, C. U. Chae, and for the SWAN Investigators
Ethnic Differences in C-Reactive Protein Concentrations
Clin. Chem., June 1, 2008; 54(6): 1027 - 1037.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ChestHome page
J. D. Douketis, P. B. Berger, A. S. Dunn, A. K. Jaffer, A. C. Spyropoulos, R. C. Becker, and J. Ansell
The Perioperative Management of Antithrombotic Therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)
Chest, June 1, 2008; 133(6_suppl): 299S - 339S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]