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(Circulation. 2006;113:2642-2650.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

Resistance Exercise Training

Its Role in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Randy W. Braith, PhD; Kerry J. Stewart, EdD

From the Center for Exercise Science, College of Health and Human Performance and the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (R.W.B.); and the Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (K.J.S.).

Correspondence to Randy Braith, PhD, PO Box 118206, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. E-mail rbraith@hhp.ufl.edu

Key Words: arteriosclerosis • cardiovascular diseases • exercise • risk factors

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
The metabolic effects of reduced muscle mass, engendered by normal aging or decreased physical activity, lead to a high prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension.^1–4 These risk factors are associated with abnormalities in cardiovascular structure and function such as arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function. Skeletal muscle is the primary metabolic "sink" for glucose and triglyceride disposal and is an important determinant of resting metabolic rate. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that resistance exercise training (RT) and subsequent increases in muscle mass may reduce multiple cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors.^5–8 The inclusion of RT as part of an exercise program for promoting health and preventing disease has been endorsed by the American Heart Association,⁹ American College of Sports Medicine,¹⁰ and the American Diabetes Association¹¹ as an integral part of an overall health and fitness program. Cross-sectional studies have shown that muscular strength is inversely associated with all-cause mortality¹² and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome,^13,14 independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels. To date, however, the evidence that RT reduces CV risk factors remains equivocal.

This review will critically evaluate whether RT modifies CV risk factors and improves characteristics of CV structure and function. The topics will be limited to the effects of RT on major and independent risk factors for CV disease including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and advancing age.⁴ The quantitative relation between these risk factors and CV events has been elucidated by the Framingham Heart Study⁴ and other studies. The topics will also include 2 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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