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(Circulation. 2005;112:I-390 – I-395.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Surgery for Valvular Heart Disease

Ross Procedure in Infants and Toddlers Followed Into Childhood

Ismee A. Williams, MD; Jan M. Quaegebeur, MD, PhD; Daphne T. Hsu, MD; Welton M. Gersony, MD; Francois Bourlon, MD; Ralph S. Mosca, MD; Deborah R. Gersony, MD; David E. Solowiejczyk, MD

From the Divisions of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.Q., R.S.M.) and Pediatric Cardiology (I.A.W., D.T.H., W.M.G., D.E.S.), Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York, and the Department of Cardiology (D.R.G.), New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and the Division of Pediatric Cardiology (F.B.), Cardiothoracic Center of Monaco, 11 bis Avenue d’OSTENDE, 98004 MONACO Cedex Principauté deMonaco.

Correspondence to Ismee A. Williams, MD, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital of New York, 2nd Floor, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY 10032. E-mail iib6{at}columbia.edu

Background— The Ross procedure is commonly used to treat aortic valve disease in pediatric and adult patients. For infants, data are limited regarding survival, reintervention, autograft growth, and function.

Methods and Results— The Ross procedure was performed in 27 infants <18 months of age (median age 5.7 months). All patients had congenital aortic stenosis (AS); associated lesions included subAS (n=9), supravalvular AS (n=2), coarctation (n=5), and interrupted aortic arch (n=2). Median follow-up was 6.1 years (range 0.2 to 12.9). There were 3 early deaths and no late deaths. Freedom from reintervention for homograft dysfunction was 87% at 8 years; freedom from autograft reintervention was 100%. Follow-up echocardiograms were available in 17 patients. Estimated peak autograft gradient was 55 mm Hg in one patient and <10 mm Hg in 16. Mild autograft insufficiency was seen in 4 patients; 13 had none. Autograft diameter was measured early postoperatively and at latest follow-up. The mean z score increased from 0.63 to 3.2 (P<0.01) at the annulus and from 0.26 to 2.2 (P<0.01) at the sinus. In a subgroup, the mean autograft z score increased significantly from the postoperative period to 1 year for both the annulus (0.72 to 3.2, P<0.01) and the sinus (0.26 to 2.2, P<0.01), but remained unchanged thereafter.

Conclusions— The Ross procedure effectively relieves AS in infants. Homograft reintervention occurred in 13% within 8 years. No patient developed significant autograft insufficiency or required autograft reintervention during the follow-up period. Dilatation of the autograft occurred during the first year after surgery and stabilized thereafter.

Key Words: surgery • heart defects, congenital • pediatrics • aorta • valves