| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2005;112:2735-2752.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
AHA/NHLBI Scientific Statement |
Key Words: AHA/NHLBI Scientific Statements metabolic syndrome cardiovascular disease obesity diabetes lifestyle therapy
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
| Introduction |
|---|
The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of interrelated risk factors of metabolic originmetabolic risk factorsthat appear to directly promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).1 Patients with the metabolic syndrome also are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Another set of conditions, the underlying risk factors, give rise to the metabolic risk factors. In the past few years, several expert groups have attempted to set forth simple diagnostic criteria to be used in clinical practice to identify patients who manifest the multiple components of the metabolic syndrome. These criteria have varied somewhat in specific elements, but in general they include a combination of both underlying and metabolic risk factors.
The most widely recognized of the metabolic risk factors are atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Individuals with these characteristics commonly manifest a prothrombotic state and a pro-inflammatory state as well. Atherogenic dyslipidemia consists of an aggregation of lipoprotein abnormalities including elevated serum triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB), increased small LDL particles, and a reduced level of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). The metabolic syndrome is often referred to as if it were a discrete entity with a single cause. Available data suggest that it
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
D. M Lee, M. K Rutter, T. W O'Neill, S. Boonen, D. Vanderschueren, R. Bouillon, G. Bartfai, F. F Casanueva, J. D Finn, G. Forti, et al. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older European men Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2009; 161(6): 947 - 954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Florentin, M. S. Kostapanos, E. S. Nakou, M. Elisaf, and E. N. Liberopoulos Efficacy and Safety of Ezetimibe Plus Orlistat or Rimonabant in Statin-Intolerant Nondiabetic Overweight/Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, December 1, 2009; 14(4): 274 - 282. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E Rumawas, J. B Meigs, J. T Dwyer, N. M McKeown, and P. F Jacques Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2009; 90(6): 1608 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Patel, S. J. Ratcliffe, M. P. Reilly, R. Weinstein, S. Bhasin, M. R. Blackman, J. A. Cauley, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, J. Robbins, L. P. Fried, et al. Higher Serum Testosterone Concentration in Older Women is Associated with Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2009; 94(12): 4776 - 4784. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Mukai, Y. Doi, T. Ninomiya, J. Hata, K. Yonemoto, M. Iwase, M. Iida, and Y. Kiyohara Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Compared With Impaired Fasting Glucose on the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama study Diabetes Care, December 1, 2009; 32(12): 2288 - 2293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Mattei, S. Demissie, K. L. Tucker, and J. M. Ordovas Apolipoprotein A5 Polymorphisms Interact with Total Dietary Fat Intake in Association with Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults J. Nutr., December 1, 2009; 139(12): 2301 - 2308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Marchesi, T. Ebrahimian, O. Angulo, P. Paradis, and E. L. Schiffrin Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling and Perivascular Adipose Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Contribute to Vascular Dysfunction in a Rodent Model of Metabolic Syndrome Hypertension, December 1, 2009; 54(6): 1384 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. E. Alley and V. W. Chang Metabolic Syndrome and Weight Gain in Adulthood J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, November 11, 2009; (2009) glp177v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Nakajima and M. Saito Lower Vital Capacity Is Associated With Diabetes but Not With Metabolic Syndrome in Nonobese Japanese Men: Response to Oda and Kawai Diabetes Care, November 1, 2009; 32(11): e135 - e135. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Zhang, K. Sun, Y. Yang, H. Zhang, F. B. Hu, and R. Hui Plasma Uric Acid and Hypertension in a Chinese Community: Prospective Study and Metaanalysis Clin. Chem., November 1, 2009; 55(11): 2026 - 2034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. H.Y. Wu, J. M. Hodgson, M. W. Clarke, A. P. Indrawan, A. E. Barden, I. B. Puddey, and K. D. Croft Inhibition of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis Using Specific Plant Lignans: In Vitro and Human Studies Hypertension, November 1, 2009; 54(5): 1151 - 1158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. R Carnethon Commentary: Heart rate and blood pressure: risk factors or risk markers? Int. J. Epidemiol., October 28, 2009; (2009) dyp325v1. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. van Waas, S. J. C. M. M. Neggers, R. Pieters, and M. M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink Components of the metabolic syndrome in 500 adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer Ann. Onc., October 22, 2009; (2009) mdp414v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K.G.M.M. Alberti, R. H. Eckel, S. M. Grundy, P. Z. Zimmet, J. I. Cleeman, K. A. Donato, J.-C. Fruchart, W. P. T. James, C. M. Loria, and S. C. Smith Jr Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome: A Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity Circulation, October 20, 2009; 120(16): 1640 - 1645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Stenholm, A. Koster, D. E. Alley, D. K. Houston, A. Kanaya, J. S. Lee, A. B. Newman, S. Satterfield, E. M. Simonsick, M. Visser, et al. Joint Association of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Mobility Limitation in Older Men and Women--Results From the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, October 12, 2009; (2009) glp150v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V Bellomio, A Spindler, E Lucero, A Berman, R Sueldo, H Berman, M Santana, M. Molina, V Gongora, G Cassano, et al. Metabolic syndrome in Argentinean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, October 1, 2009; 18(11): 1019 - 1025. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Frederiksen, T. L. Nielsen, K. Wraae, C. Hagen, J. Frystyk, A. Flyvbjerg, K. Brixen, and M. Andersen Subcutaneous Rather than Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Young Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2009; 94(10): 4010 - 4015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Chatzi, E. Plana, V. Daraki, P. Karakosta, D. Alegkakis, C. Tsatsanis, A. Kafatos, A. Koutis, and M. Kogevinas Metabolic Syndrome in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth Am. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2009; 170(7): 829 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. SABIO, J. VARGAS-HITOS, M. ZAMORA-PASADAS, J. D. MEDIAVILLA, N. NAVARRETE, A. RAMIREZ, C. HIDALGO-TENORIO, L. JAIMEZ, J. MARTIN, J. JIMENEZ-ALONSO, et al. Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness and Biomarkers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus J Rheumatol, October 1, 2009; 36(10): 2204 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Conen, K. M. Rexrode, M. A. Creager, P. M Ridker, and A. D. Pradhan Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Risk of Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease in Women: A Prospective Study Circulation, September 22, 2009; 120(12): 1041 - 1047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Lee, S.-I. Cho, and H. S. Park Metabolic syndrome and cancer-related mortality among Korean men and women Ann. Onc., September 16, 2009; (2009) mdp344v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M.-J. Barahona, N. Sucunza, E. Resmini, J.-M. Fernandez-Real, W. Ricart, J.-M. Moreno-Navarrete, T. Puig, J. Farrerons, and S. M. Webb Persistent Body Fat Mass and Inflammatory Marker Increases after Long-Term Cure of Cushing's Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2009; 94(9): 3365 - 3371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. S. Sacks, J. N. Fain, B. Holman, P. Cheema, A. Chary, F. Parks, J. Karas, R. Optican, S. W. Bahouth, E. Garrett, et al. Uncoupling Protein-1 and Related Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Human Epicardial and Other Adipose Tissues: Epicardial Fat Functioning as Brown Fat J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2009; 94(9): 3611 - 3615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. J. Chillaron, A. Goday, J. A. Flores-Le-Roux, D. Benaiges, M. J. Carrera, J. Puig, J. F. Cano-Perez, and J. Pedro-Botet Estimated Glucose Disposal Rate in Assessment of the Metabolic Syndrome and Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2009; 94(9): 3530 - 3534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Rizzo, K. Berneis, M. Hersberger, I. Pepe, G. Di Fede, G. B. Rini, G. A. Spinas, and E. Carmina Milder forms of atherogenic dyslipidemia in ovulatory versus anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2009; 24(9): 2286 - 2292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Heit, C. L. Leibson, A. A. Ashrani, T. M. Petterson, K. R. Bailey, and L. J. Melton III Is Diabetes Mellitus an Independent Risk Factor for Venous Thromboembolism?: A Population-Based Case-Control Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, September 1, 2009; 29(9): 1399 - 1405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Bagi Mechanisms of coronary microvascular adaptation to obesity Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2009; 297(3): R556 - R567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Haring, H. Volzke, S. B. Felix, S. Schipf, M. Dorr, D. Rosskopf, M. Nauck, C. Schofl, and H. Wallaschofski Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome by Low Serum Testosterone Levels in Men: Results From the Study of Health in Pomerania Diabetes, September 1, 2009; 58(9): 2027 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Jialal The Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome Am J Clin Pathol, August 1, 2009; 132(2): 161 - 162. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. C. Oeffinger, B. Adams-Huet, R. G. Victor, T. S. Church, P. G. Snell, A. L. Dunn, D. A. Eshelman-Kent, R. Ross, P. M. Janiszewski, A. J. Turoff, et al. Insulin Resistance and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2009; 27(22): 3698 - 3704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. S. Martin, A. N. Qasim, N. N. Mehta, M. Wolfe, K. Terembula, S. Schwartz, N. Iqbal, M. Schutta, R. Bagheri, and M. P. Reilly Apolipoprotein B but not LDL Cholesterol Is Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetic Whites Diabetes, August 1, 2009; 58(8): 1887 - 1892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ugurlu, E. Seyahi, F. Cetinkaya, F. Ozbakir, H. Balci, and H. Ozdogan Intima-media thickening in patients with familial Mediterranean fever Rheumatology, August 1, 2009; 48(8): 911 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Levy, M. R. Bonsignore, and J. Eckel Sleep, sleep-disordered breathing and metabolic consequences Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2009; 34(1): 243 - 260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Aizawa, J. K. Shoemaker, T. J. Overend, and R. J. Petrella Metabolic syndrome, endothelial function and lifestyle modification Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, July 1, 2009; 6(3): 181 - 189. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. D Brinkworth, M. Noakes, J. D Buckley, J. B Keogh, and P. M Clifton Long-term effects of a very-low-carbohydrate weight loss diet compared with an isocaloric low-fat diet after 12 mo Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2009; 90(1): 23 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Biyasheva, R. S. Legro, A. Dunaif, and M. Urbanek Evidence for Association between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and TCF7L2 and Glucose Intolerance in Women with PCOS and TCF7L2 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2009; 94(7): 2617 - 2625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. C. Y. Yeung, K. S. L. Lam, Y. Wang, A. W. K. Tso, and A. Xu Serum Zinc-{alpha}2-Glycoprotein Correlates with Adiposity, Triglycerides, and the Key Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Subjects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2009; 94(7): 2531 - 2536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Urbanek, G. Nampiaparampil, J. D'Souza, E. Sefton, C. Ackerman, R. S. Legro, and A. Dunaif The Role of Genetic Variation in the Lamin A/C Gene in the Etiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2009; 94(7): 2665 - 2669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. C. Kabat, M. Kim, R. T. Chlebowski, J. Khandekar, M. G. Ko, A. McTiernan, M. L. Neuhouser, D. R. Parker, J. M. Shikany, M. L. Stefanick, et al. A Longitudinal Study of the Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2009; 18(7): 2046 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. M. Lee, S. J. Chung, V. A. Lopez, and N. D. Wong Association of FVC and Total Mortality in US Adults With Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Chest, July 1, 2009; 136(1): 171 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Lu, Z. Yu, A. Pan, F. B. Hu, O. H. Franco, H. Li, X. Li, X. Yang, Y. Chen, and X. Lin Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Individuals Diabetes Care, July 1, 2009; 32(7): 1278 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H.-p. Gong, Z.-h. Wang, H. Jiang, N.-n. Fang, J.-s. Li, Y.-y. Shang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhong, and W. Zhang TRIB3 Functional Q84R Polymorphism Is a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome and Carotid Atherosclerosis Diabetes Care, July 1, 2009; 32(7): 1311 - 1313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. E. Noel, P. K. Newby, J. M. Ordovas, and K. L. Tucker A Traditional Rice and Beans Pattern Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Puerto Rican Older Adults J. Nutr., July 1, 2009; 139(7): 1360 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Yu, X. Ye, J. Wang, Q. Qi, O. H. Franco, K. L. Rennie, A. Pan, H. Li, Y. Liu, F. B. Hu, et al. Associations of Physical Activity With Inflammatory Factors, Adipocytokines, and Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese People Circulation, June 16, 2009; 119(23): 2969 - 2977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. M. Lonn, H. C. Gerstein, P. Sheridan, S. Smith, R. Diaz, V. Mohan, J. Bosch, S. Yusuf, G. R. Dagenais, and DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril Effect of Ramipril and of Rosiglitazone on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in People With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose STARR (STudy of Atherosclerosis with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2009; 53(22): 2028 - 2035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Kaski and G. W. Cockerill STARR (STudy of Atherosclerosis with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone) Is the Biggest Big Enough? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2009; 53(22): 2036 - 2038. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. R. Bonsignore and J. Eckel Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Eur. Respir. Rev., June 1, 2009; 18(112): 113 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Oda and R. Kawai Lower Vital Capacity Is Associated With Diabetes but Not With Metabolic Syndrome in Nonobese Japanese Men Diabetes Care, June 1, 2009; 32(6): e69 - e69. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Delavari, M. H. Forouzanfar, S. Alikhani, A. Sharifian, and R. Kelishadi First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran Diabetes Care, June 1, 2009; 32(6): 1092 - 1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Ades, P. D. Savage, M. J. Toth, J. Harvey-Berino, D. J. Schneider, J. Y. Bunn, M. C. Audelin, and M. Ludlow High-Calorie-Expenditure Exercise: A New Approach to Cardiac Rehabilitation for Overweight Coronary Patients Circulation, May 26, 2009; 119(20): 2671 - 2678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. L. Huang A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome Dis. Model. Mech., May 1, 2009; 2(5-6): 231 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Lieb, R. Safa, E. J. Benjamin, V. Xanthakis, X. Yin, L. M. Sullivan, M. G. Larson, H. M. Smith, J. A. Vita, G. F. Mitchell, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor, its soluble receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor: clinical and genetic correlates and association with vascular function Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2009; 30(9): 1121 - 1127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. F. Zoeller Jr Physical Activity and Fitness in African Americans: Implications for Cardiovascular Health American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2009; 3(3): 188 - 194. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. E. Straznicky, G. W. Lambert, M. T. McGrane, K. Masuo, T. Dawood, P. J. Nestel, N. Eikelis, M. P. Schlaich, M. D. Esler, F. Socratous, et al. Weight Loss May Reverse Blunted Sympathetic Neural Responsiveness to Glucose Ingestion in Obese Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome Diabetes, May 1, 2009; 58(5): 1126 - 1132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. Glynn, E. Danielson, F. A.H. Fonseca, J. Genest, A. M. Gotto Jr., J. J.P. Kastelein, W. Koenig, P. Libby, A. J. Lorenzatti, J. G. MacFadyen, et al. A Randomized Trial of Rosuvastatin in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism N. Engl. J. Med., April 30, 2009; 360(18): 1851 - 1861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Mozaffarian, A. Kamineni, M. Carnethon, L. Djousse, K. J. Mukamal, and D. Siscovick Lifestyle Risk Factors and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study Arch Intern Med, April 27, 2009; 169(8): 798 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Anselmino, K. Malmberg, L. Ryden, and J. Ohrvik A gluco-metabolic risk index with cardiovascular risk stratification potential in patients with coronary artery disease Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, April 1, 2009; 6(2): 62 - 70. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Churilla and E. C. Fitzhugh Relationship between leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome using varying definitions: 1999-2004 NHANES Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, April 1, 2009; 6(2): 100 - 109. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. I. Cheang, J. M. Huszar, A. M. Best, S. Sharma, P. A. Essah, and J. E. Nestler Long-term effect of metformin on metabolic parameters in the polycystic ovary syndrome Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, April 1, 2009; 6(2): 110 - 119. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Sasmaz and M. B. Yilmaz Coronary Collaterals in Obese Patients: Impact of Metabolic Syndrome Angiology, April 1, 2009; 60(2): 164 - 168. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Nettleton, P. L. Lutsey, Y. Wang, J. A. Lima, E. D. Michos, and D. R. Jacobs Jr. Diet Soda Intake and Risk of Incident Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Diabetes Care, April 1, 2009; 32(4): 688 - 694. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Katz, M. J. Budoff, J. Takasu, D. M. Shavelle, A. Bertoni, R. S. Blumenthal, P. Ouyang, N. D. Wong, and K. D. O'Brien Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Aortic Valve Calcium and Aortic Valve Calcium Progression: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Diabetes, April 1, 2009; 58(4): 813 - 819. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. M. Goldbacher, J. Bromberger, and K. A. Matthews Lifetime History of Major Depression Predicts the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Women Psychosom Med, April 1, 2009; 71(3): 266 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Enright Overindulgence -> Overweight -> Reduced Vital Capacity -> Reduced Longevity Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2009; 179(6): 432 - 433. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Leone, D. Courbon, F. Thomas, K. Bean, B. Jego, B. Leynaert, L. Guize, and M. Zureik Lung Function Impairment and Metabolic Syndrome: The Critical Role of Abdominal Obesity Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 15, 2009; 179(6): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Sierra-Johnson, R. M. Fisher, A. Romero-Corral, V. K. Somers, F. Lopez-Jimenez, J. Ohrvik, G. Walldius, M.-L. Hellenius, and A. Hamsten Concentration of apolipoprotein B is comparable with the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio and better than routine clinical lipid measurements in predicting coronary heart disease mortality: findings from a multi-ethnic US population Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2009; 30(6): 710 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kajimoto, K. Miyauchi, T. Kasai, N. Yanagisawa, T. Yamamoto, K. Kikuchi, T. Nakatomi, H. Iwamura, H. Daida, and A. Amano Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for stroke and acute renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., March 1, 2009; 137(3): 658 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Rendina, G. Mossetti, G. De Filippo, D. Benvenuto, C. L. Vivona, A. Imbroinise, G. Zampa, S. Ricchio, and P. Strazzullo Association between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis in an inpatient population in southern Italy: role of gender, hypertension and abdominal obesity Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2009; 24(3): 900 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Troseid, I. Seljeflot, E. M. Hjerkinn, and H. Arnesen Interleukin-18 Is a Strong Predictor of Cardiovascular Events in Elderly Men With the Metabolic Syndrome: Synergistic effect of inflammation and hyperglycemia Diabetes Care, March 1, 2009; 32(3): 486 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Warodomwichit, D. K. Arnett, E. K. Kabagambe, M. Y. Tsai, J. E. Hixson, R. J. Straka, M. Province, P. An, C.-Q. Lai, I. Borecki, et al. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate the Effect of TCF7L2 Gene Variants on Postprandial Lipemia J. Nutr., March 1, 2009; 139(3): 439 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Briel, I. Ferreira-Gonzalez, J. J You, P. J Karanicolas, E. A Akl, P. Wu, B. Blechacz, D. Bassler, X. Wei, A. Sharman, et al. Association between change in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality: systematic review and meta-regression analysis BMJ, February 16, 2009; 338(feb16_1): b92 - b92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Ingelsson, J. M. Massaro, P. Sutherland, P. F. Jacques, D. Levy, R. B. D'Agostino, R. S. Vasan, and S. J. Robins Contemporary Trends in Dyslipidemia in the Framingham Heart Study Arch Intern Med, February 9, 2009; 169(3): 279 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Steinberger, S. R. Daniels, R. H. Eckel, L. Hayman, R. H. Lustig, B. McCrindle, and M. L. Mietus-Snyder Progress and Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Circulation, February 3, 2009; 119(4): 628 - 647. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E J Rhee, W Y Lee, C Y Park, K W Oh, B J Kim, K C Sung, and B S Kim The association of serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein with coronary artery disease in Korean adults Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2009; 160(2): 165 - 172. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T.-D. Wang, W.-J. Lee, F.-Y. Shih, C.-H. Huang, Y.-C. Chang, W.-J. Chen, Y.-T. Lee, and M.-F. Chen Relations of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Measured by Multidetector Computed Tomography to Components of the Metabolic Syndrome Are Region-Specific and Independent of Anthropometric Indexes and Intraabdominal Visceral Fat J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2009; 94(2): 662 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Abdul-Ghani, V. Lyssenko, T. Tuomi, R. A. DeFronzo, and L. Groop Fasting Versus Postload Plasma Glucose Concentration and the Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the Botnia Study Diabetes Care, February 1, 2009; 32(2): 281 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Shah, J. P Casas, J. A Cooper, I. Tzoulaki, R. Sofat, V. McCormack, L. Smeeth, J. E Deanfield, G. D Lowe, A. Rumley, et al. Critical appraisal of CRP measurement for the prediction of coronary heart disease events: new data and systematic review of 31 prospective cohorts Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2009; 38(1): 217 - 231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. F. Arenillas, P. Sandoval, N. Perez de la Ossa, M. Millan, C. Guerrero, D. Escudero, L. Dorado, E. Lopez-Cancio, J. Castillo, and A. Davalos The Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With a Higher Resistance to Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Women Than in Men Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 344 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
|
S.-H. Park and B. Lindholm DEFINITION OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS Perit. Dial. Int., February 1, 2009; 29(Supplement_2): S137 - S144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. He, T. H. Lam, B. Jiang, J. Wang, X. Sai, L. Fan, X. Li, Y. Qin, and F. B. Hu Combined effects of tobacco smoke exposure and metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular risk in older residents of china. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 27, 2009; 53(4): 363 - 371. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Ding and I. J. Kullo Evolutionary Genetics of Coronary Heart Disease Circulation, January 27, 2009; 119(3): 459 - 467. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
WRITING GROUP MEMBERS, D. Lloyd-Jones, R. Adams, M. Carnethon, G. De Simone, T. B. Ferguson, K. Flegal, E. Ford, K. Furie, A. Go, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics--2009 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation, January 27, 2009; 119(3): e21 - e181. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Sugamura, S. Sugiyama, T. Nozaki, Y. Matsuzawa, Y. Izumiya, K. Miyata, M. Nakayama, K. Kaikita, T. Obata, M. Takeya, et al. Activated Endocannabinoid System in Coronary Artery Disease and Antiinflammatory Effects of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Blockade on Macrophages Circulation, January 6, 2009; 119(1): 28 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B Lindsey, F. Cipollone, S. M Abdullah, and D. K Mcguire Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE): cardiovascular implications Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, January 1, 2009; 6(1): 7 - 14. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Hanefeld, A. Karasik, C. Koehler, T. Westermeier, and J.-L. Chiasson Metabolic syndrome and its single traits as risk factors for diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, January 1, 2009; 6(1): 32 - 37. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. E Straznicky, G. W Lambert, K. Masuo, T. Dawood, N. Eikelis, P. J Nestel, M. T McGrane, J. A Mariani, F. Socratous, R. Chopra, et al. Blunted sympathetic neural response to oral glucose in obese subjects with the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2009; 89(1): 27 - 36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. E. Korhonen, P. T. Jaatinen, P. T. Aarnio, I. M. Kantola, and T. Saaresranta Waist circumference home measurement--a device to find out patients in cardiovascular risk Eur J Public Health, January 1, 2009; 19(1): 95 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Dankner, G. Geulayov, L. Olmer, and G. Kaplan Undetected type 2 diabetes in older adults Age Ageing, January 1, 2009; 38(1): 56 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Raffaitin, H. Gin, J.-P. Empana, C. Helmer, C. Berr, C. Tzourio, F. Portet, J.-F. Dartigues, A. Alperovitch, and P. Barberger-Gateau Metabolic Syndrome and Risk for Incident Alzheimer's Disease or Vascular Dementia: The Three-City Study Diabetes Care, January 1, 2009; 32(1): 169 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Rodriguez-Colon, J. Mo, Y. Duan, J. Liu, J. E. Caulfield, X. Jin, and D. Liao Metabolic Syndrome Clusters and the Risk of Incident Stroke: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Stroke, January 1, 2009; 40(1): 200 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Weikert, N. Stefan, M. B. Schulze, T. Pischon, K. Berger, H.-G. Joost, H.-U. Haring, H. Boeing, and A. Fritsche Plasma Fetuin-A Levels and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke Circulation, December 9, 2008; 118(24): 2555 - 2562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Salas-Salvado, J. Fernandez-Ballart, E. Ros, M.-A. Martinez-Gonzalez, M. Fito, R. Estruch, D. Corella, M. Fiol, E. Gomez-Gracia, F. Aros, et al. Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Nuts on Metabolic Syndrome Status: One-Year Results of the PREDIMED Randomized Trial Arch Intern Med, December 8, 2008; 168(22): 2449 - 2458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Rodriguez-Roisin and J. B. Soriano Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Lung Cancer and/or Cardiovascular Disease Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2008; 5(8): 842 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. A. de Kroon, C. M. Renders, E. C. C. Kuipers, J. P. van Wouwe, S. van Buuren, G. A. de Jonge, and R. A. Hirasing Identifying metabolic syndrome without blood tests in young adults--The Terneuzen Birth Cohort Eur J Public Health, December 1, 2008; 18(6): 656 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
Circulation Home | Subscriptions | Archives | Feedback | Authors | Help | AHA Journals Home | Search Copyright © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use prohibited. |