This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Data Supplement Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Libby, P. Articles by Rabadan-Diehl, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Libby, P. Articles by Rabadan-Diehl, C. Related Collections Risk Factors Type 1 diabetes Other Vascular biology

(Circulation. 2005;111:3489-3493.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Special Reports

Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Working Group on Cardiovascular Complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Peter Libby, MD; David M. Nathan, MD; Kristin Abraham, PhD; John D. Brunzell, MD; Judith E. Fradkin, MD; Steven M. Haffner, MD, MPH; Willa Hsueh, MD; Marian Rewers, MD; B. Tibor Roberts, PhD; Peter J. Savage, MD; Sonia Skarlatos, PhD; Momtaz Wassef, PhD; Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, PhD

From Brigham and Women’s Hospital (P.L.), Boston, Mass; MGH Diabetes Center (D.M.N.), Boston, Mass; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (K.A., J.E.F., B.T.R.), Bethesda, Md; University of Washington (J.D.B.), Seattle; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (S.M.F.); University of California (W.H.), Los Angeles; University of Colorado (M.R.), Denver; and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (P.J.S., S.S., M.W., C.R.-D.), Bethesda, Md.

Correspondence to Cristina Rabadan-Diehl, PhD, Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, NHLBI, NIH, Rockledge II, Room 10186, 6701 Rockledge Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-7956. E-mail rabadanc@nhlbi.nih.gov

Key Words: atherosclerosis • cardiovascular diseases • diabetes mellitus • insulin

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes the major cause of mortality and morbidity in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes patients. Although the microvascular complications of T1D are well studied, macrovascular CVD, its treatment, and link to diabetes have been investigated primarily in T2D patients. On April 27 and 28, 2003, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored a meeting to identify ways to close gaps in our knowledge about CVD in T1D to improve prevention and treatment. Participants were asked to: (1) Evaluate opportunities for studying the pathogenesis of CVD in T1D patients. Risk factors unique to these patients were of particular interest, as well as studies of the cause of CVD in T1D with respect to existing databases or cohorts and involving partnerships between basic and clinical investigators. (2) Evaluate opportunities for intervention studies to treat or prevent CVD in T1D. Because of practical obstacles (recruitment, duration, and cost of interventional studies with hard clinical end points), identification of reliable methods and markers that enable efficient intervention were a high priority.

The meeting included 3 sessions: (1) current understanding of T1D and CVD; (2) opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical course of CVD in T1D; and (3) opportunities for intervention studies to reduce cardiovascular complications in T1D. This report summarizes the presentations made and concludes with recommendations drawn from the presentations and discussion among the participants.

	Current Understanding of T1D and CVD

 
The epidemic of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X. Xu, B. Sook Jhun, C. Hoon Ha, and Z.-G. Jin Molecular Mechanisms of Ghrelin-Mediated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Endocrinology, August 1, 2008; 149(8): 4183 - 4192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Joseph, L. Tarnow, A. S. Astrup, T. K. Hansen, H.-H. Parving, A. Flyvbjerg, and J. Frystyk Plasma {alpha}-Defensin Is Associated with Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2008; 93(4): 1470 - 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. J. Albers, S. M. Marcovina, G. Imperatore, B. M. Snively, J. Stafford, W. Y. Fujimoto, E. J. Mayer-Davis, D. B. Petitti, C. Pihoker, L. Dolan, et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Elevated Apolipoprotein B and Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Youths with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 735 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Devaraj, M. R. Dasu, J. Rockwood, W. Winter, S. C. Griffen, and I. Jialal Increased Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Expression in Monocytes from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Further Evidence of a Proinflammatory State J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2008; 93(2): 578 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Maahs, L. G. Ogden, A. Kretowski, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, G. L. Kinney, T. Berl, and M. Rewers Serum Cystatin C Predicts Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, November 1, 2007; 56(11): 2774 - 2779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Devaraj, A. T. Cheung, I. Jialal, S. C. Griffen, D. Nguyen, N. Glaser, and T. Aoki Evidence of Increased Inflammation and Microcirculatory Abnormalities in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Role in Microvascular Complications Diabetes, November 1, 2007; 56(11): 2790 - 2796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Jialal, E. Miguelino, S. C. Griffen, and S. Devaraj Concomitant Reduction of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Biomarkers of Inflammation with Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3136 - 3140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kretowski, K. McFann, J. E. Hokanson, D. Maahs, G. Kinney, J. K. Snell-Bergeon, R. P. Wadwa, R. H. Eckel, L. Ogden, S. Garg, et al. Polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System Genes Predict Progression of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis Diabetes, March 1, 2007; 56(3): 863 - 871. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. B. Petitti, G. Imperatore, S. L. Palla, S. R. Daniels, L. M. Dolan, A. K. Kershnar, S. Marcovina, D. J. Pettitt, C. Pihoker, and for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group Serum Lipids and Glucose Control: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2007; 161(2): 159 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. J. Orchard, T. Costacou, A. Kretowski, and R. W. Nesto Type 1 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetes Care, November 1, 2006; 29(11): 2528 - 2538. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Devaraj, N. Glaser, S. Griffen, J. Wang-Polagruto, E. Miguelino, and I. Jialal Increased Monocytic Activity and Biomarkers of Inflammation in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes, March 1, 2006; 55(3): 774 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. R. Albers, M. Z. Krichavsky, and G. J. Balady Stress Testing in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value Circulation, January 31, 2006; 113(4): 583 - 592. [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Stults and R. E. Jones Management of Hypertension in Diabetes Diabetes Spectr, January 1, 2006; 19(1): 25 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]