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(Circulation. 2005;111:3255-3260.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Imaging

Noninvasive Imaging of Angiogenesis With a ^99mTc-Labeled Peptide Targeted at _vß₃ Integrin After Murine Hindlimb Ischemia

Jing Hua, MD^*; Lawrence W. Dobrucki, PhD^*; Mehran M. Sadeghi, MD; Jiasheng Zhang, MD; Brian N. Bourke, MS; Patti Cavaliere, BS; James Song, MD; Conroy Chow; Neda Jahanshad; Niels van Royen, MD, PhD; Ivo Buschmann, MD; Joseph A. Madri, MD, PhD; Marivi Mendizabal, PhD; Albert J. Sinusas, MD

From the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (J.H., L.W.D., M.M.S., J.Z., B.N.B., P.C., J.S., C.C., N.J., A.J.S.), and Department of Pathology (J.A.M.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany (J.H., N.v.R., I.B.); VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn (M.M.S., J.Z.); and GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK (M.M.).

Correspondence to Albert J. Sinusas, MD, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208017, 3FMP, New Haven, CT 06520-8017. E-mail albert.sinusas{at}yale.edu

Received June 17, 2004; revision received February 4, 2005; accepted February 16, 2005.

Background— Noninvasive imaging strategies play a critical role in assessment of the efficacy of angiogenesis therapies. The _vß₃ integrin is activated in angiogenic vessels and represents a potential target for noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis.

Methods and Results— We evaluated a ^99mTc-labeled peptide (NC100692) targeted at _vß₃ integrin for imaging in an established murine model of angiogenesis induced by hindlimb ischemia. Control mice (n=9) or mice with surgical right femoral artery occlusion (n=29) were injected with NC100692 (1.5±0.2 mCi IV) at different times after femoral occlusion (1, 3, 7, and 14 days) for in vivo pinhole planar gamma camera imaging. Tissue from hindlimb proximal and distal to occlusion was excised for gamma well counting and for immunostaining. On in vivo pinhole images, increased focal NC100692 activity was seen distal to the occlusion at days 3 and 7. This increase in relative NC100692 activity was confirmed by gamma well counting. Lectin staining confirmed increased angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimb at these time points. A fluorescent analogue of NC100692 was used to confirm specificity and localization of the targeted tracer in cultured endothelial cells. In addition, endothelial cell specificity was confirmed on tissue sections with the use of dual immunofluorescent staining of endothelium and the fluorescent analogue targeted at the _vß₃ integrin.

Conclusions— A ^99mTc-labeled peptide (NC100692) targeted at _vß₃ integrin selectively localized to endothelial cells in regions of increased angiogenesis and could be used for noninvasive serial "hot spot" imaging of angiogenesis. This targeted radiotracer imaging approach is a major advance in tracking therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis and has an important clinical potential.

Key Words: angiogenesis • imaging • ischemia • radioisotopes

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