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(Circulation. 2005;111:2611-2616.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Imaging

Quantitative Assessment of Regional Myocardial Function in Mice by Tissue Doppler Imaging

Comparison With Hemodynamics and Sonomicrometry

Igal A. Sebag, MD; Mark D. Handschumacher, BS; Fumito Ichinose, MD; John G. Morgan, MD; Ryuji Hataishi, MD; Ana Clara T. Rodrigues, MD; J. Luis Guerrero, BS; Wolfgang Steudel, MD; Michael J. Raher, BS; Elkan F. Halpern, PhD; Geneviève Derumeaux, MD, PhD; Kenneth D. Bloch, MD; Michael H. Picard, MD; Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD

From the Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory in the Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine (I.A.S., M.D.H., J.G.M., A.C.T.R., J.L.G., M.J.R., M.H.P., M.S.-C.), Cardiovascular Research Center (F.I., R.H., M.J.R., K.D.B., M.S.-C.), Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care (F.I., R.H., W.S.), and Institute for Technology Assessment (E.F.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Echocardiography Laboratory in the Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (I.A.S.); and INSERM U644, Rouen, France (G.D.).

Correspondence to Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, MD, PhD, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114. E-mail marielle{at}crosbie.com

Received May 13, 2004; revision received January 9, 2005; accepted January 11, 2005.

Background— Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a novel echocardiographic method to quantify regional myocardial function. The objective of this study was to assess whether myocardial velocities and strain rate (SR) could be obtained by TDI in mice and whether these indices accurately quantified alterations in left ventricular (LV) systolic function.

Methods and Results— TDI was performed in 10 healthy mice to measure endocardial (v_endo) and epicardial systolic velocities and SR. In further experiments, TDI indices were compared with dP/dt_max and with sonomicrometer-derived regional velocities, at rest and after administration of dobutamine or esmolol. TDI indices were also studied serially in 8 mice before and 4 and 7 hours after endotoxin challenge. Myocardial velocities and SR were obtained in all mice with low measurement variability. TDI indices increased with administration of dobutamine (v_endo from 2.2±0.3 to 3.8±0.2 cm/s [P<0.01]; SR from 12±2 to 20±2 s^–1 [P<0.05]) and decreased with administration of esmolol (v_endo 1.4±0.2 cm/s [P<0.05]; SR 6±1 s^–1 [P<0.01]). Both indices correlated strongly with dP/dt_max (r²=0.79 for SR and r²= 0.69 for v_endo; both P<0.0001). SR and shortening fraction were predictors of dP/dt_max even after adjustment for the confounding effect of the other variables. V_endo correlated closely with sonomicrometer-measured velocity (r²=0.71, P<0.0005). After endotoxin challenge, decreases in both v_endo and SR were detected before decreases in shortening fraction became manifest.

Conclusions— Myocardial velocities and SR can be measured noninvasively in mice with the use of TDI. Both indices are sensitive markers for quantifying LV global and regional function in mice.

Key Words: echocardiography • systole • inotropic agents

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