doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000133427.35111.67
(Circulation. 2004;109:3112-3121.)
© 2004 American Heart Association, Inc.
Reviews: Current Perspectives |
Principles for National and Regional Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
A Scientific Statement From the World Heart and Stroke Forum*
From the Center for Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (S.C.S.); Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland (R.J.); Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY (T.A.P.); Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY (V.F.); Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (S.Y.); University Hospital, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Denmark (O.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK (D.A.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (M.A.); Cardiac Department, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (J.H.); Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (P.H.); World Heart and Stroke Forum, World Heart Federation, Geneva, Switzerland (M.H.); and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (S.M.G.).
Correspondence to Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, Center for Cardiovascular Science and Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, CB #7075, Bioinformatics Building, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075. E-mail scs@med.unc.edu
Key Words: guidelines • cardiovascular diseases • prevention • atherosclerosis
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
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Introduction |
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In the global effort to reduce suffering and death from CVD, the World Heart and Stroke Forum (WHSF) Guidelines Task Force of the World Heart Federation (WHF) recommends that every country develop a policy on CVD prevention. National policy should grow out of systematic and ongoing dialogue among governmental, public health, and professional clinical groups. National policy should set priorities for public health and clinical interventions appropriate to the country. It should also be the foundation for the development of national guidelines on CVD prevention, which are the focus of the present document.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of global mortality, accounting for almost 17 million deaths annually. Nearly 80% of this global mortality and disease burden occurs in developing countries. In 2001, CVD was the leading cause of mortality in 5 of the 6 World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide regions. Of concern in developing countries is the projected increase in both proportional and absolute CVD mortality. This can be related to an increase in life expectancy due to public health advances, which reduce perinatal infections and nutritional deficiencies in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and in some countries to improved economic conditions. This increasing longevity provides longer periods of exposure to CVD risk factors and thus a greater probability of clinically manifest CVD. The concomitant decline of infections and nutritional disorders (competing causes of death) also increases the proportional burden due to CVD. Adverse lifestyle changes accompanying industrialization, urbanization, and increased discretionary income increase the degree of exposure
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