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(Circulation. 2003;107:3022.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.

Clinical Investigation and Reports

Intracoronary ß-Irradiation With a Rhenium-188–Filled Balloon Catheter

A Randomized Trial in Patients With De Novo and Restenotic Lesions

Martin Höher, MD^*; Jochen Wöhrle, MD^*; Markus Wohlfrom, MD; Joachim Kamenz, MD; Thorsten Nusser, MD; Olaf C. Grebe, MD; Hartmut Hanke, MD; Matthias Kochs, MD; Sven N. Reske, MD; Vinzenz Hombach, MD; Jörg Kotzerke, MD

From the Department of Internal Medicine II and Department of Nuclear Medicine (S.N.R.), University of Ulm, and Department of Nuclear Medicine (J.K.), University of Dresden, Germany.

Correspondence to PD Dr Martin Höher, FESC, Internal-Medicine-II, University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Strasse-8, 89081 Ulm, Germany. E-mail martin.hoeher{at}medizin.uni-ulm.de

Background— Restenosis requiring reintervention is the main limitation of coronary angioplasty. Intracoronary irradiation reduces neointimal proliferation. We studied the efficacy of a self-centering liquid rhenium-188–filled balloon catheter for coronary ß-brachytherapy.

Methods and Results— After successful coronary angioplasty with or without stenting, 225 patients (71% de novo lesions) were randomly assigned to receive 22.5 Gy intravascular ß-irradiation in 0.5-mm tissue depth (n=113) or to receive no additional intervention (n=112). Clinical and procedural data did not differ between the groups except a higher rate of stenting in the control group (63%) compared with the rhenium-188 group (45%, P<0.02). After 6 months of follow-up, late loss was significantly lower in the irradiated group compared with the control group, both of the target lesion (0.11±0.54 versus 0.69±0.81 mm, P<0.0001) and of the total segment (0.22±0.67 versus 0.70±0.82 mm, P<0.0001). This was also evident in the subgroup of patients with de novo lesions and independent from stenting. Binary restenosis rates were significantly lower at the target lesion (6.3% versus 27.5%, P<0.0001) and of the total segment (12.6% versus 28.6%, P<0.007) after rhenium-188 brachytherapy compared with the control group. Target vessel revascularization rate was significantly lower in the rhenium-188 (6.3%) compared with the control group (19.8%, P=0.006).

Conclusions— Intracoronary ß-brachytherapy with a rhenium-188 liquid-filled balloon is safe and efficiently reduces restenosis and revascularization rates after coronary angioplasty.

Key Words: radioisotopes • angioplasty • stents • restenosis • revascularization

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