(Circulation. 2003;107:2864.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
Special Review: Current Perspective |
From the Department of Internal Medicine (M.E.S.), Broussais Hospital, Paris, France; Lariboisiere Hospital (B.I.L.), Department of Physiology and Clinical Investigation, Paris, France; and Department of Pharmacology (H.S.-B.), Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Correspondence to Professor Michel Safar, Médecine Interne 1 Groupe Hospitalier Broussais-G Pompidou 96, rue Didot, 75674 Paris, Cedex 14, France. E-mail michel.safar@brs.ap-hop-paris.fr
Key Words: arteries elasticity hypertension mechanics survival
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
Blood pressure (BP) is a powerful cardiovascular (CV) risk factor that acts on the arterial wall and is responsible in part for various CV events, such as cerebrovascular accidents and ischemic heart disease. In clinical practice, 2 specific and arbitrary points of the BP curve, peak systolic BP (SBP) and end-diastolic BP (DBP), are used to define the CV risk factor. Because the goal of drug treatment of hypertension is to prevent CV complications, it appears likely that the totality of the BP curve, not simply 2 specific and arbitrary points, should be considered to act mechanically on the arterial wall and therefore should be used to propose an adequate definition of high BP.
A current approach consists of considering the BP curve as the summation of a steady component, mean blood pressure (MBP), and a pulsatile component, pulse pressure (PP).1 MBP, the product of cardiac output multiplied by total peripheral resistance, is the pressure for the steady flow of blood and oxygen to peripheral tissues and organs. The pulsatile component, PP, is the consequence of intermittent ventricular ejection from the heart. PP is influenced by several cardiac and vascular factors, but it is the role of large conduit arteries, mainly the aorta, to minimize pulsatility. In addition to the pattern of left ventricular ejection, the determinants of PP (and SBP) are the cushioning capacity of arteries and the timing and intensity of wave reflections.1 The former is influenced by arterial stiffness, usually expressed in the quantitative terms of compliance
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
P. Lacolley, M. E. Safar, V. Regnault, and E. D. Frohlich Angiotensin II, mechanotransduction, and pulsatile arterial hemodynamics in hypertension Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 2009; 297(5): H1567 - H1575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Kheda, L. E. Brenner, M. J. Patel, J. J. Wynn, J. J. White, L. M. Prisant, S. A. Jones, and W. D. Paulson Influence of arterial elasticity and vessel dilatation on arteriovenous fistula maturation: a prospective cohort study Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., September 15, 2009; (2009) gfp462v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. D. Maclay, D. A. McAllister, N. L. Mills, F. P. Paterson, C. A. Ludlam, E. M. Drost, D. E. Newby, and W. MacNee Vascular Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 15, 2009; 180(6): 513 - 520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F Mzayek, R Sherwin, J Hughes, S Hassig, S Srinivasan, W Chen, and G S Berenson The association of birth weight with arterial stiffness at mid-adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study J Epidemiol Community Health, September 1, 2009; 63(9): 729 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Cecelja, B. Jiang, K. McNeill, B. Kato, J. Ritter, T. Spector, and P. Chowienczyk Increased wave reflection rather than central arterial stiffness is the main determinant of raised pulse pressure in women and relates to mismatch in arterial dimensions: a twin study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 18, 2009; 54(8): 695 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Bhargava VEGF kinase inhibitors: how do they cause hypertension? Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2009; 297(1): R1 - R5. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. C. Tuday, D. Nyhan, A. A. Shoukas, and D. E. Berkowitz Simulated microgravity-induced aortic remodeling J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2009; 106(6): 2002 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Peralta, R. Katz, M. Madero, M. Sarnak, H. Kramer, M. H. Criqui, and M. G. Shlipak The Differential Association of Kidney Dysfunction With Small and Large Arterial Elasticity: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2009; 169(6): 740 - 748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. States, S. Srivastava, Y. Chen, and A. Barchowsky Arsenic and Cardiovascular Disease Toxicol. Sci., February 1, 2009; 107(2): 312 - 323. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar, A. D. Protogerou, and J. Blacher Statins, Central Blood Pressure, and Blood Pressure Amplification Circulation, January 6, 2009; 119(1): 9 - 12. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P.C. Bennett, S. Silverman, P.S. Gill, and G.Y.H. Lip Ethnicity and peripheral artery disease QJM, January 1, 2009; 102(1): 3 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Antonini-Canterin, S. Carerj, V. Di Bello, G. Di Salvo, S. La Carrubba, O. Vriz, D. Pavan, A. Balbarini, G. L. Nicolosi, and On behalf of the Research Group of the Italian Soc Arterial stiffness and ventricular stiffness: a couple of diseases or a coupling disease? A review from the cardiologist's point of view Eur J Echocardiogr, January 1, 2009; 10(1): 36 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Arribas, A. M. Briones, C. Bellingham, M. C. Gonzalez, M. Salaices, K. Liu, Y. Wang, and A. Hinek Heightened aberrant deposition of hard-wearing elastin in conduit arteries of prehypertensive SHR is associated with increased stiffness and inward remodeling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): H2299 - H2307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. H.G. Henskens, A. A. Kroon, R. J. van Oostenbrugge, E. H.B.M. Gronenschild, M. M.J.J. Fuss-Lejeune, P. A.M. Hofman, J. Lodder, and P. W. de Leeuw Increased Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With Silent Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, December 1, 2008; 52(6): 1120 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Shifren, A. G. Durmowicz, R. H. Knutsen, G. Faury, and R. P. Mecham Elastin insufficiency predisposes to elevated pulmonary circulatory pressures through changes in elastic artery structure J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2008; 105(5): 1610 - 1619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. D. Smith and P. J. Levy Review: New techniques for assessment of vascular function Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, October 1, 2008; 2(5): 373 - 385. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Nyhan and D. E. Berkowitz Perioperative Blood Pressure Management: Does Central Vascular Stiffness Matter? Anesth. Analg., October 1, 2008; 107(4): 1103 - 1106. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Fontes, S. Aronson, J. P. Mathew, Y. Miao, B. Drenger, P. G. Barash, D. T. Mangano, For the Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemi, and the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation (IR Pulse Pressure and Risk of Adverse Outcome in Coronary Bypass Surgery Anesth. Analg., October 1, 2008; 107(4): 1122 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. R. Lammers, P. H. Kao, H. J. Qi, K. Hunter, C. Lanning, J. Albietz, S. Hofmeister, R. Mecham, K. R. Stenmark, and R. Shandas Changes in the structure-function relationship of elastin and its impact on the proximal pulmonary arterial mechanics of hypertensive calves Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2008; 295(4): H1451 - H1459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. G. Ruitenbeek, T. J.M. van der Cammen, A. H. van den Meiracker, and F. U.S. Mattace-Raso Age and Blood Pressure Levels Modify the Functional Properties of Central but Not Peripheral Arteries Angiology, July 1, 2008; 59(3): 290 - 295. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-W. Lankhaar, N. Westerhof, T. J.C. Faes, C. Tji-Joong Gan, K. M. Marques, A. Boonstra, F. G. van den Berg, P. E. Postmus, and A. Vonk-Noordegraaf Pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance stay inversely related during treatment of pulmonary hypertension Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2008; 29(13): 1688 - 1695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Jankowski, K. Kawecka-Jaszcz, D. Czarnecka, M. Brzozowska-Kiszka, K. Styczkiewicz, M. Loster, M. Kloch-Badelek, J. Wilinski, A. M. Curylo, D. Dudek, et al. Pulsatile but Not Steady Component of Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Patients Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 848 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar Review: Pulse pressure, arterial stiffness and wave reflections (augmentation index) as cardiovascular risk factors in hypertension Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, February 1, 2008; 2(1): 13 - 24. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Farasat, C. H. Morrell, A. Scuteri, C.-T. Ting, F. C.P. Yin, H. A. Spurgeon, C.-H. Chen, E. G. Lakatta, and S. S. Najjar Pulse Pressure Is Inversely Related to Aortic Root Diameter Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systolic Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 196 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. J Milionis, M. S Kostapanos, K. Vakalis, I. Theodorou, I. Bouba, R. Kalaitzidis, I. Georgiou, M. S Elisaf, and K. C Siamopoulos Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes on the treatment response of patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2007; 8(4): 181 - 189. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Boos, D. A. Lane, M. Karpha, D. G. Beevers, R. Haynes, and G. Y. H. Lip Circulating Endothelial Cells, Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Hypertension Chest, November 1, 2007; 132(5): 1540 - 1547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Benjo, R. E. Thompson, D. Fine, C. W. Hogue, D. Alejo, A. Kaw, G. Gerstenblith, A. Shah, D. E. Berkowitz, and D. Nyhan Pulse Pressure Is an Age-Independent Predictor of Stroke Development After Cardiac Surgery Hypertension, October 1, 2007; 50(4): 630 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Jegger, R. F. da Silva, I. Lartaud, V. Gaillard, X. Jeanrenaud, M. Nasratullah, L. K. von Segesser, J. Atkinson, P. Segers, H. Tevaearai, et al. Effects of an aging vascular model on healthy and diseased hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): H1334 - H1343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Zintzaras, G. Kitsios, D. Kent, N. J. Camp, L. Atwood, P. N. Hopkins, and S. C. Hunt Genome-Wide Scans Meta-Analysis for Pulse Pressure Hypertension, September 1, 2007; 50(3): 557 - 564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Peralta, M. G. Shlipak, C. Wassel-Fyr, H. Bosworth, B. Hoffman, S. Martins, E. Oddone, and M. K. Goldstein Association of Antihypertensive Therapy and Diastolic Hypotension in Chronic Kidney Disease Hypertension, September 1, 2007; 50(3): 474 - 480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Williams Hypertension in the Young: Preventing the Evolution of Disease Versus Prevention of Clinical Events J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 28, 2007; 50(9): 840 - 842. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Mzayek, S. Hassig, R. Sherwin, J. Hughes, W. Chen, S. Srinivasan, and G. Berenson The Association of Birth Weight with Developmental Trends in Blood Pressure from Childhood through Mid-Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study Am. J. Epidemiol., August 15, 2007; 166(4): 413 - 420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A Stakos, D. P Schuster, E. A Sparks, S. B. Meis, C. F Wooley, K. Osei, and H. Boudoulas Association between glycosylated hemoglobin, left ventricular mass and aortic function in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 157(1): 63 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar and P. Lacolley Disturbance of macro- and microcirculation: relations with pulse pressure and cardiac organ damage Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H1 - H7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar Mechanism(s) of Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction and Drug Therapy in Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 2007; 50(1): 167 - 171. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Authors/Task Force Members:, G. Mancia, G. De Backer, A. Dominiczak, R. Cifkova, R. Fagard, G. Germano, G. Grassi, A. M. Heagerty, S. E. Kjeldsen, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur. Heart J., June 11, 2007; (2007) ehm236v1. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Tsioufis, K. Dimitriadis, M. Selima, C. Thomopoulos, C. Mihas, I. Skiadas, D. Tousoulis, C. Stefanadis, and I. Kallikazaros Low-grade inflammation and hypoadiponectinaemia have an additive detrimental effect on aortic stiffness in essential hypertensive patients Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2007; 28(9): 1162 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Aessopos, M. Kati, and D. Farmakis Heart disease in thalassemia intermedia: a review of the underlying pathophysiology Haematologica, May 1, 2007; 92(5): 658 - 665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Cosson, M. Herisse, D. Laude, F. Thomas, P. Valensi, J.-R. Attali, M. E. Safar, and H. Dabire Aortic stiffness and pulse pressure amplification in Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2007; 292(5): H2506 - H2512. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Qiu, B. Tian, R. G. Resuello, F. F. Natividad, A. Peppas, Y.-T. Shen, D. E. Vatner, S. F. Vatner, and C. Depre Sex-specific regulation of gene expression in the aging monkey aorta Physiol Genomics, April 24, 2007; 29(2): 169 - 180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Aronson, M. L. Fontes, Y. Miao, D. T. Mangano, and for the Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Risk Index for Perioperative Renal Dysfunction/Failure: Critical Dependence on Pulse Pressure Hypertension Circulation, February 13, 2007; 115(6): 733 - 742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Gavish Correlating Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurements With Arterial Stiffness: A Conceptual Inconsistency? Hypertension, December 1, 2006; 48(6): e108 - e108. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Avgeropoulou, A. Illmann, P.-M. Schumm-Draeger, J. Kallikazaros, and H. Von Bibra Assessment of arterio-ventricular coupling by tissue Doppler and wave intensity in type 2 diabetes The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, November 1, 2006; 6(6): 271 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Llamas, C. Lau, W. A. Cupples, M.-L. Rainville, E. Souzeau, and C. F. Deschepper Genetic Determinants of Systolic and Pulse Pressure in an Intercross Between Normotensive Inbred Rats Hypertension, November 1, 2006; 48(5): 921 - 926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Jegger, R. da Silva, X. Jeanrenaud, M. Nasratullah, H. Tevaearai, L. K. von Segesser, P. Segers, V. Gaillard, J. Atkinson, I. Lartaud, et al. Ventricular-arterial coupling in a rat model of reduced arterial compliance provoked by hypervitaminosis D and nicotine Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2006; 291(4): H1942 - H1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Seidlerova, J. A. Staessen, M. Maillard, T. Nawrot, H. Zhang, M. Bochud, T. Kuznetsova, T. Richart, L. M. Van Bortel, H. A. Struijker-Boudier, et al. Association Between Arterial Properties and Renal Sodium Handling in a General Population Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 609 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Gugleta, A. Kochkorov, R. Katamay, C. Zawinka, J. Flammer, and S. Orgul On pulse-wave propagation in the ocular circulation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 4019 - 4025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. O'Brien Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement: A Trove of Hidden Gems? Hypertension, September 1, 2006; 48(3): 364 - 365. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. G. Edwards, A. L. Gauthier, M. A. Hayman, J. T. Lang, and R. W. Kenefick Acute effects of cold exposure on central aortic wave reflection J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2006; 100(4): 1210 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Labat, R. S. A. Cunha, P. Challande, M. E. Safar, and P. Lacolley Respective contribution of age, mean arterial pressure, and body weight on central arterial distensibility in SHR Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): H1534 - H1539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. L. Veronese, A. Mosenkis, K. T. Flaherty, M. Gallagher, J. P. Stevenson, R. R. Townsend, and P. J. O'Dwyer Mechanisms of Hypertension Associated With BAY 43-9006 J. Clin. Oncol., March 20, 2006; 24(9): 1363 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M. Fitch, J. C. Rutledge, Y.-X. Wang, A. F. Powers, J.-L. Tseng, T. Clary, and G. M. Rubanyi Synergistic effect of angiotensin II and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in increasing aortic stiffness in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1190 - H1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Li, J.-G. Wang, E. Dolan, P.-J. Gao, H.-F. Guo, T. Nawrot, A. V. Stanton, D.-L. Zhu, E. O'Brien, and J. A. Staessen Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index Derived From 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 359 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Dolan, L. Thijs, Y. Li, N. Atkins, P. McCormack, S. McClory, E. O'Brien, J. A. Staessen, and A. V. Stanton Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Mortality in the Dublin Outcome Study Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 365 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Benetos and P. Lacolley From 24-Hour Blood Pressure Measurements to Arterial Stiffness: A Valid Short Cut? Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 327 - 328. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ye Influence of matrix metalloproteinase genotype on cardiovascular disease susceptibility and outcome Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2006; 69(3): 636 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Somoza, F. Abderrahim, J. M. Gonzalez, M. V. Conde, S. M. Arribas, B. Starcher, J. Regadera, M. S. Fernandez-Alfonso, J. J. Diaz-Gil, and M. C. Gonzalez Short-term treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with liver growth factor reduces carotid artery fibrosis, improves vascular function, and lowers blood pressure Cardiovasc Res, February 15, 2006; 69(3): 764 - 771. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Tomiyama, H. Hashimoto, Y. Hirayama, M. Yambe, J. Yamada, Y. Koji, K. Shiina, Y. Yamamoto, and A. Yamashina Synergistic Acceleration of Arterial Stiffening in the Presence of Raised Blood Pressure and Raised Plasma Glucose Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 180 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. J. Kullo, L. F. Bielak, S. T. Turner, P. F. Sheedy II, and P. A. Peyser Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Is Associated With the Presence and Quantity of Coronary Artery Calcium: A Community-Based Study Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 174 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. H. Freitag, R. Peila, K. Masaki, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, L. R. White, and L. J. Launer Midlife Pulse Pressure and Incidence of Dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 33 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Chemla, I. Antony, K. Zamani, and A. Nitenberg Mean aortic pressure is the geometric mean of systolic and diastolic aortic pressure in resting humans J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2278 - 2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Y.H. Lip and C. J. Boos Ethnic Differences in Arterial Responses, Inflammation, and Metabolic Profiles: Possible Insights into Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2240 - 2242. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A L Pauca, N D Kon, and M F O'Rourke Benefit of glyceryl trinitrate on arterial stiffness is directly due to effects on peripheral arteries Heart, November 1, 2005; 91(11): 1428 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M. Redfield, S. J. Jacobsen, B. A. Borlaug, R. J. Rodeheffer, and D. A. Kass Age- and Gender-Related Ventricular-Vascular Stiffening: A Community-Based Study Circulation, October 11, 2005; 112(15): 2254 - 2262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. R. Pries, B. Reglin, and T. W. Secomb Remodeling of Blood Vessels: Responses of Diameter and Wall Thickness to Hemodynamic and Metabolic Stimuli Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 725 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Seubert, F. Xu, J. P. Graves, J. B. Collins, S. O. Sieber, R. S. Paules, D. L. Kroetz, and D. C. Zeldin Differential renal gene expression in prehypertensive and hypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): F552 - F561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. O'Rourke and M. E. Safar Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Risk JAMA, August 17, 2005; 294(7): 791 - 791. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Kass Ventricular Arterial Stiffening: Integrating the Pathophysiology Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 185 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar and H. S. Boudier Vascular Development, Pulse Pressure, and the Mechanisms of Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 205 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Amar, J.-B. Ruidavets, J.-C. Peyrieux, J.-M. Mallion, J. Ferrieres, M. E. Safar, and B. Chamontin C-Reactive Protein Elevation Predicts Pulse Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Subjects Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 151 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Dijk, A. Algra, Y. van der Graaf, D. E. Grobbee, M. L. Bots, and on behalf of the SMART study group Carotid stiffness and the risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. The SMART study Eur. Heart J., June 2, 2005; 26(12): 1213 - 1220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ichigi, H. Takano, K. Umetani, K. Kawabata, J.-e. Obata, Y. Kitta, Y. Kodama, A. Mende, T. Nakamura, D. Fujioka, et al. Increased Ambulatory Pulse Pressure Is a Strong Risk Factor for Coronary Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 3, 2005; 45(9): 1461 - 1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Reneman, J. M. Meinders, and A. P.G. Hoeks Non-invasive ultrasound in arterial wall dynamics in humans: what have we learned and what remains to be solved Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 960 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. J. Zieman, V. Melenovsky, and D. A. Kass Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Therapy of Arterial Stiffness Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2005; 25(5): 932 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Ferreira, R. M. A. Henry, J. W. R. Twisk, W. van Mechelen, H. C. G. Kemper, and C. D. A. Stehouwer The Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiopulmonary Fitness, and Subcutaneous Trunk Fat as Independent Determinants of Arterial Stiffness: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study Arch Intern Med, April 25, 2005; 165(8): 875 - 882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Giannattasio, M. Failla, S. Lucchina, C. Zazzeron, V. Scotti, A. Capra, L. Viscardi, F. Bianchi, G. Vitale, M. Lanzetta, et al. Arterial Stiffening Influence of Sympathetic Nerve Activity: Evidence From Hand Transplantation in Humans Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 608 - 611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Verhave, P. Fesler, G. du Cailar, J. Ribstein, M. E. Safar, and A. Mimran Elevated Pulse Pressure Is Associated With Low Renal Function in Elderly Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 586 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. O'Rourke and W. W. Nichols Aortic Diameter, Aortic Stiffness, and Wave Reflection Increase With Age and Isolated Systolic Hypertension Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 652 - 658. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Diamant, H. J. Lamb, M. A. van de Ree, E. L. Endert, Y. Groeneveld, M. L. Bots, P. J. Kostense, and J. K. Radder The Association between Abdominal Visceral Fat and Carotid Stiffness Is Mediated by Circulating Inflammatory Markers in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1495 - 1501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Boreham, I. Ferreira, J. W. Twisk, A. M. Gallagher, M. J. Savage, and L. J. Murray Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Arterial Stiffness: The Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project Hypertension, November 1, 2004; 44(5): 721 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Ou, D. Bonnet, L. Auriacombe, E. Pedroni, F. Balleux, D. Sidi, and E. Mousseaux Late systemic hypertension and aortic arch geometry after successful repair of coarctation of the aorta Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2004; 25(20): 1853 - 1859. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Tivesten, A. Barlind, K. Caidahl, N. Klintland, A. Cittadini, C. Ohlsson, and J. Isgaard Growth hormone-induced blood pressure decrease is associated with increased mRNA levels of the vascular smooth muscle KATP channel J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2004; 183(1): 195 - 202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Lacolley Mechanical influence of cyclic stretch on vascular endothelial cells Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2004; 63(4): 577 - 579. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Safar Peripheral Pulse Pressure, Large Arteries, and Microvessels Hypertension, August 1, 2004; 44(2): 121 - 122. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. F. Mitchell, H. Parise, E. J. Benjamin, M. G. Larson, M. J. Keyes, J. A. Vita, R. S. Vasan, and D. Levy Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection With Advancing Age in Healthy Men and Women: The Framingham Heart Study Hypertension, June 1, 2004; 43(6): 1239 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. O'Rourke, M. E. Safar, W. W. Nichols, G. F. Mitchell, J. L. Izzo Jr, Y. Lacourciere, J.-P. Ouellet, J. Neutel, L. J. Kerwin, A. J. Block, et al. Proximal Aortic Diameter and Aortic Pressure-Flow Relationship in Systolic Hypertension * Response Circulation, May 25, 2004; 109(20): e227 - e228. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Seward, M. F. O'Rourke, M. M. Budge, and R. G. Gosling Terminology for Describing the Elastic Behavior of Arteries * Response: Terminology for Describing the Elastic Behavior of Arteries Hypertension, April 1, 2004; 43(4): e25 - e26. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M.T. Hughes, L. J. Dixon, G. E. McVeigh, M. E. Safar, B. I. Levy, and H. Struijker-Boudier Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Wave Velocity: Problems with Terminology * Response Circulation, January 20, 2004; 109 (2): e3 - e3. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. D. Stewart, S. C. Millasseau, M. T. Kearney, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Effects of Inhibition of Basal Nitric Oxide Synthesis on Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Augmentation Index in Humans Hypertension, November 1, 2003; 42(5): 915 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
Circulation Home | Subscriptions | Archives | Feedback | Authors | Help | AHA Journals Home | Search Copyright © 2003 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use prohibited. |