Circulation. 2003;107:2646-2652
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000069566.78305.33
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000069566.78305.33
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(Circulation. 2003;107:2646.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
Special Review |
Clinical Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mechanism of Prevention of Arrhythmias by n-3 Fish Oils
From the Departments of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (A.L., J.X.K., Y.-F.X.) and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Y.-F.X.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, and the Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (G.E.B.), Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Correspondence to Alexander Leaf, MD, Bldg 149, 13th St, Charlestown, MA 02129. E-mail aleaf@partners.org
Key Words: fatty acids • arrhythmia • death, sudden
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
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Introduction |
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This review will be limited specifically to the beneficial prevention by the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of arrhythmic deaths, including sudden cardiac death, which annually causes some 300 000 deaths in the United States and millions more worldwide. We will also show that the growing body of positive clinical studies is supported by what has been learned in animal and laboratory studies regarding the mechanism by which n-3 PUFAs prevent cardiac arrhythmias.
See p 2632
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The Essential PUFAs |
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Figure 1 shows the 2 essential classes of PUFAs, the n-6 (
6) and n-3 (3) classes. Both classes are "essential" because we cannot make them in our bodies. They must come in our diets, and they are essential for normal growth, development, and optimal function of brain, heart, and probably other systems. The parent fatty acid of the n-6 class, linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA) has 18 carbon atoms in its acyl chain, and the first C=C double bond is 6 carbons back from the methyl end of the fatty acid, hence the "n-6" appellation. In the bodies of animals, including humans, LA can be elongated and desaturated through a series of enzymatic steps to form arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6; AA). AA is the source of the n-6 eicosanoids that result from oxygenation of AA by cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and epoxygenase enzymes to form prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxines, and P-450 compounds, which in many instances are potent cell messengers.
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In the chloroplast of green plants, algae, and phytoplankton, LA
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D. S. Siscovick, R. N. Lemaitre, and D. Mozaffarian The Fish Story: A Diet-Heart Hypothesis With Clinical Implications: n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Myocardial Vulnerability, and Sudden Death Circulation, June 3, 2003; 107(21): 2632 - 2634. [Full Text] [PDF]
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