Circulation. 2002;105:1049-1053
Published online before print February 4, 2002, doi: 10.1161/hc0902.104707
Published online before print February 4, 2002, doi: 10.1161/hc0902.104707
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2002;105:1049.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Five-Year Risk of Cardiac Mortality in Relation to Initial Severity and One-Year Changes in Depression Symptoms After Myocardial Infarction
From the Departments of Psychiatry (F.L., N.F.S.), University of Montreal and McGill University; the Research Centers, Montreal Heart Institute (F.L., N.F.S., M.T., M.G.B.) and Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (F.L., N.F.S.); and Department of Medicine (M.T., M.G.B.), University of Montreal, Canada.
Correspondence to François Lespérance, MD, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St E, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada. E-mail francois.lesperance{at}umontreal.ca
Background— Although previous research demonstrated an independent link between depression symptoms and cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction (MI), depression was assessed only once, and a dose-response relationship was not evaluated.
Methods and Results— We administered the Beck Depression Inventory to 896 post-MI patients during admission and at 1 year. Five-year survival was ascertained using Medicare data. We observed a significant long-term dose-response relationship between depression symptoms during hospitalization and cardiac mortality. Results remained significant after control for multiple measures of cardiac disease severity. Although 1-year scores were also linked to cardiac mortality, most of that impact was explained by baseline scores. Improvement in depression symptoms was associated with less cardiac mortality only for patients with mild depression. Patients with higher initial scores had worse long-term prognosis regardless of symptom changes.
Conclusions— The level of depression symptoms during admission for MI is more closely linked to long-term survival than the level at 1 year, particularly in patients with moderate to severe levels of depression, suggesting that the presumed cardiovascular mechanisms linking depression to cardiac mortality may be more or less permanent for them.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • depression • prognosis
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  L. Frazier, W. K. Vaughn, J. T. Willerson, C. M. Ballantyne, and E. Boerwinkle Inflammatory Protein Levels and Depression Screening After Coronary Stenting Predict Major Adverse Coronary Events Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2009; 11(2): 163 - 173. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Glassman, J. T. Bigger Jr, and M. Gaffney Psychiatric Characteristics Associated With Long-term Mortality Among 361 Patients Having an Acute Coronary Syndrome and Major Depression: Seven-Year Follow-up of SADHART Participants Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2009; 66(9): 1022 - 1029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. M. Kronish, N. Rieckmann, J. E. Schwartz, D. R. Schwartz, and K. W. Davidson Is Depression After an Acute Coronary Syndrome Simply a Marker of Known Prognostic Factors for Mortality? Psychosom Med, September 1, 2009; 71(7): 697 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Fiedorowicz, D. A. Solomon, J. Endicott, A. C. Leon, C. Li, J. P. Rice, and W. H. Coryell Manic/Hypomanic Symptom Burden and Cardiovascular Mortality in Bipolar Disorder Psychosom Med, July 1, 2009; 71(6): 598 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Davis Building Emotional Resilience to Promote Health American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, July 1, 2009; 3(1_suppl): 60S - 63S. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Carney and K. E. Freedland Treatment-Resistant Depression and Mortality After Acute Coronary Syndrome Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2009; 166(4): 410 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Pelletier, K. L. Lavoie, J. Gordon, A. Arsenault, T. S. Campbell, and S. L. Bacon The Role of Mood Disorders in Exercise-Induced Cardiovascular Reactivity Psychosom Med, April 1, 2009; 71(3): 301 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. N. de Voogd, J. B. Wempe, G. H. Koeter, K. Postema, E. van Sonderen, A. V. Ranchor, J. C. Coyne, and R. Sanderman Depressive Symptoms as Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COPD Chest, March 1, 2009; 135(3): 619 - 625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. POZUELO, G. TESAR, J. ZHANG, M. PENN, K. FRANCO, and W. JIANG Depression and heart disease: What do we know, and where are we headed? Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, January 1, 2009; 76(1): 59 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression Clinical Pra AAFP Guideline for the Detection and Management of Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression Ann. Fam. Med, January 1, 2009; 7(1): 71 - 79. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. O'Connor, W. Jiang, M. Kuchibhatla, R. H. Mehta, G. L. Clary, M. S. Cuffe, E. J. Christopher, J. D. Alexander, R. M. Califf, and R. R. Krishnan Antidepressant Use, Depression, and Survival in Patients With Heart Failure Arch Intern Med, November 10, 2008; 168(20): 2232 - 2237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. M. Gonzalez, T. Croghan, B. West, D. Williams, R. Nesse, W. Tarraf, R. Taylor, L. Hinton, H. Neighbors, and J. Jackson Antidepressant Use in Black and White Populations in the United States Psychiatr Serv, October 1, 2008; 59(10): 1131 - 1138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Amin, R. A. Menon, K. J. Reid, W. S. Harris, and J. A. Spertus Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Depression Have Low Blood Cell Membrane Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels Psychosom Med, October 1, 2008; 70(8): 856 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Macchia, S. Monte, F. Pellegrini, M. Romero, A. D'Ettorre, L. Tavazzi, G. Tognoni, and A. P. Maggioni Depression worsens outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure: An analysis of 48,117 patients in a community setting Eur J Heart Fail, July 1, 2008; 10(7): 714 - 721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Grace, Y. W. Leung, and D. E. Stewart A Prospective Examination of Antidepressant Use and Its Correlates in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Psychosomatics, May 1, 2008; 49(3): 199 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Hughes, K. M. York, Q. Li, K. E. Freedland, R. M. Carney, and D. S. Sheps Depressive Symptoms Predict Heart Rate Recovery After Exercise Treadmill Testing in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Results From the Psychophysiological Investigations of Myocardial Ischemia Study Psychosom Med, May 1, 2008; 70(4): 456 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Thomas, D. W. Chapa, E. Friedmann, C. Durden, A. Ross, M. C. Y. Lee, and H.-J. Lee Depression in Patients With Heart Failure: Prevalence, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Treatment Crit. Care Nurse, April 1, 2008; 28(2): 40 - 55. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. Surtees, N. W.J. Wainwright, R. N. Luben, N. J. Wareham, S. A. Bingham, and K.-T. Khaw Depression and Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality: Evidence From the EPIC-Norfolk United Kingdom Prospective Cohort Study Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2008; 165(4): 515 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-K. Wong, E.W. Tang, P. Herbison, B. Birmingham, L. Barclay, and S.Y.F. Fu Pre-existent depression in the 2 weeks before an acute coronary syndrome can be associated with delayed presentation of the heart attack QJM, February 1, 2008; 101(2): 137 - 144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Thorndike, S. Regan, K. McKool, R. C. Pasternak, S. Swartz, N. Torres-Finnerty, and N. A. Rigotti Depressive Symptoms and Smoking Cessation After Hospitalization for Cardiovascular Disease Arch Intern Med, January 28, 2008; 168(2): 186 - 191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Hildreth, J. R. Padley, P. M. Pilowsky, and A. K. Goodchild Impaired serotonergic regulation of heart rate may underlie reduced baroreflex sensitivity in an animal model of depression Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): H474 - H480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. D. Thombs, K. Parakh, and R. C. Ziegelstein Throw the Window Out the Door J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 9, 2007; 50(15): 1519 - 1520. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. H. Novack, O. Cameron, E. Epel, R. Ader, S. R. Waldstein, S. Levenstein, M. H. Antoni, and A. R. Wainer Psychosomatic Medicine: The Scientific Foundation of the Biopsychosocial Model Acad Psychiatry, October 1, 2007; 31(5): 388 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Fraguas Jr., D. V. Iosifescu, J. Alpert, S. R. Wisniewski, J. L. Barkin, M. H. Trivedi, A J. Rush, and M. Fava Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbid Cardiac Disease: Is There a Depressive Subtype With Greater Cardiovascular Morbidity? Results From the STAR*D Study Psychosomatics, October 1, 2007; 48(5): 418 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A Blumenthal, A. Sherwood, S. D. Rogers, M. A. Babyak, P. Murali Doraiswamy, L. Watkins, B. M. Hoffman, C. O'Connell, J. J. Johnson, S. M. Patidar, et al. Understanding prognostic benefits of exercise and antidepressant therapy for persons with depression and heart disease: the UPBEAT study rationale, design, and methodological issues Clinical Trials, October 1, 2007; 4(5): 548 - 559. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. York, M. Hassan, Q. Li, H. Li, R. B. Fillingim, and D. S. Sheps Coronary Artery Disease and Depression: Patients With More Depressive Symptoms Have Lower Cardiovascular Reactivity During Laboratory-Induced Mental Stress Psychosom Med, July 1, 2007; 69(6): 521 - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Dickens, L. McGowan, C. Percival, B. Tomenson, L. Cotter, A. Heagerty, and F. Creed Depression Is a Risk Factor for Mortality After Myocardial Infarction: Fact or Artifact? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 8, 2007; 49(18): 1834 - 1840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. N. Jacka, J. A. Pasco, S. McConnell, L. J. Williams, M. A. Kotowicz, G. C. Nicholson, and M. Berk Self-Reported Depression and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Community Sample of Women Psychosomatics, February 1, 2007; 48(1): 54 - 59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Rieckmann, W. Gerin, I. M. Kronish, M. M. Burg, W. F. Chaplin, G. Kong, F. Lesperance, and K. W. Davidson Course of Depressive Symptoms and Medication Adherence After Acute Coronary Syndromes: An Electronic Medication Monitoring Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 10, 2006; (2006) j.jacc.2006.07.063v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Parashar, J. S. Rumsfeld, J. A. Spertus, K. J. Reid, N. K. Wenger, H. M. Krumholz, A. Amin, W. S. Weintraub, J. Lichtman, N. Dawood, et al. Time course of depression and outcome of myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med, October 9, 2006; 166(18): 2035 - 2043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D Shimbo, N Rieckmann, R Paulino, and K W Davidson Relation between C reactive protein and depression remission status in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Heart, September 1, 2006; 92(9): 1316 - 1318. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. I. Kaptein, P. de Jonge, R. H. S. van den Brink, and J. Korf Course of Depressive Symptoms After Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Prognosis: A Latent Class Analysis Psychosom Med, September 1, 2006; 68(5): 662 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D L Whitehead, L Perkins-Porras, P C Strike, and A Steptoe Post-traumatic stress disorder in patients with cardiac disease: predicting vulnerability from emotional responses during admission for acute coronary syndromes Heart, September 1, 2006; 92(9): 1225 - 1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Shemesh, M. Koren-Michowitz, R. Yehuda, O. Milo-Cotter, E. Murdock, Z. Vered, B. L. Shneider, J. M. Gorman, and G. Cotter Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Patients Who Have Had a Myocardial Infarction Psychosomatics, June 1, 2006; 47(3): 231 - 239. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Glassman, J. T. Bigger, M. Gaffney, P. A. Shapiro, and J. R. Swenson Onset of major depression associated with acute coronary syndromes: relationship of onset, major depressive disorder history, and episode severity to sertraline benefit. Arch Gen Psychiatry, March 1, 2006; 63(3): 283 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Empana, X. Jouven, R. N. Lemaitre, N. Sotoodehnia, T. Rea, T. E. Raghunathan, G. Simon, and D. S. Siscovick Clinical Depression and Risk of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Arch Intern Med, January 23, 2006; 166(2): 195 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D C Haas Depression and disability in coronary patients: time to focus on quality of life as an end point Heart, January 1, 2006; 92(1): 8 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gehi, D. Haas, S. Pipkin, and M. A. Whooley Depression and Medication Adherence in Outpatients With Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the Heart and Soul Study Arch Intern Med, November 28, 2005; 165(21): 2508 - 2513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Otte, T. C. Neylan, S. S. Pipkin, W. S. Browner, and M. A. Whooley Depressive Symptoms and 24-Hour Urinary Norepinephrine Excretion Levels in Patients With Coronary Disease: Findings From the Heart and Soul Study Am J Psychiatry, November 1, 2005; 162(11): 2139 - 2145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Miller, N. Rohleder, C. Stetler, and C. Kirschbaum Clinical Depression and Regulation of the Inflammatory Response During Acute Stress Psychosom Med, September 1, 2005; 67(5): 679 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. R. Wulsin, J. C. Evans, R. S. Vasan, J. M. Murabito, M. Kelly-Hayes, and E. J. Benjamin Depressive Symptoms, Coronary Heart Disease, and Overall Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study Psychosom Med, September 1, 2005; 67(5): 697 - 702. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Prieto, J. Atala, J. Blanch, E. Carreras, M. Rovira, E. Cirera, A. Espinal, and C. Gasto Role of Depression As a Predictor of Mortality Among Cancer Patients After Stem-Cell Transplantation J. Clin. Oncol., September 1, 2005; 23(25): 6063 - 6071. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Glassman Does Treating Post-Myocardial Infarction Depression Reduce Medical Mortality? Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2005; 62(7): 711 - 712. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Matthews, R. A. Nelesen, and J. E. Dimsdale Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Increased Systemic Vascular Resistance to Stress Psychosom Med, July 1, 2005; 67(4): 509 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Z. Bambauer, O. Aupont, P. H. Stone, S. E. Locke, M. G. Mullan, J. Colagiovanni, and T. J. McLaughlin The Effect of a Telephone Counseling Intervention on Self-Rated Health of Cardiac Patients Psychosom Med, July 1, 2005; 67(4): 539 - 545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J.M. Broadley, M. P. Frenneaux, V. Moskvina, C. J.H. Jones, and A. Korszun Baroreflex Sensitivity Is Reduced in Depression Psychosom Med, July 1, 2005; 67(4): 648 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gehi, D. Mangano, S. Pipkin, W. S. Browner, and M. A. Whooley Depression and Heart Rate Variability in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease: Findings From the Heart and Soul Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 2005; 62(6): 661 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Lane, C. Laukes, F. I. Marcus, M. A. Chesney, L. Sechrest, K. Gear, C. L. Fort, S. G. Priori, P. J. Schwartz, and A. Steptoe Psychological Stress Preceding Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(3): 359 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Sheps and A. Rozanski From Feeling Blue to Clinical Depression: Exploring the Pathogenicity of Depressive Symptoms and Their Management in Cardiac Practice Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(Supplement_1): S2 - S5. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. D. Kubzansky, K. W. Davidson, and A. Rozanski The Clinical Impact of Negative Psychological States: Expanding the Spectrum of Risk for Coronary Artery Disease Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(Supplement_1): S10 - S14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Frasure-Smith and F. Lesperance Reflections on Depression as a Cardiac Risk Factor Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(Supplement_1): S19 - S25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rozanski and L. D. Kubzansky Psychologic Functioning and Physical Health: A Paradigm of Flexibility Psychosom Med, May 1, 2005; 67(Supplement_1): S47 - S53. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Blumenthal, A. Sherwood, M. A. Babyak, L. L. Watkins, R. Waugh, A. Georgiades, S. L. Bacon, J. Hayano, R. E. Coleman, and A. Hinderliter Effects of Exercise and Stress Management Training on Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial JAMA, April 6, 2005; 293(13): 1626 - 1634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Schulman, P. R. Muskin, and P. A. Shapiro Psychiatry and Cardiovascular Disease Focus, April 1, 2005; 3(2): 208 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Ho, F. A. Masoudi, J. A. Spertus, P. N. Peterson, A. L. Shroyer, M. McCarthy Jr, F. L. Grover, K. E. Hammermeister, and J. S. Rumsfeld Depression Predicts Mortality Following Cardiac Valve Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., April 1, 2005; 79(4): 1255 - 1259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Zhang, S. L. Norris, E. W. Gregg, Y. J. Cheng, G. Beckles, and H. S. Kahn Depressive Symptoms and Mortality among Persons with and without Diabetes Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2005; 161(7): 652 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rozanski, J. A. Blumenthal, K. W. Davidson, P. G. Saab, and L. Kubzansky The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice: The emerging field of behavioral cardiology J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 1, 2005; 45(5): 637 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Mallik, H. M. Krumholz, Z. Q. Lin, S. V. Kasl, J. A. Mattera, S. A. Roumains, and V. Vaccarino Patients With Depressive Symptoms Have Lower Health Status Benefits After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Circulation, January 25, 2005; 111(3): 271 - 277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Widlansky, H. D. Sesso, K. M. Rexrode, J. E. Manson, and J. M. Gaziano Body Mass Index and Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in Men With a History of Cardiovascular Disease Arch Intern Med, November 22, 2004; 164(21): 2326 - 2332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Barth, M. Schumacher, and C. Herrmann-Lingen Depression as a Risk Factor for Mortality in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis Psychosom Med, November 1, 2004; 66(6): 802 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Bankier, J. L. Januzzi, and A. B. Littman The High Prevalence of Multiple Psychiatric Disorders in Stable Outpatients With Coronary Heart Disease Psychosom Med, September 1, 2004; 66(5): 645 - 650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Suarez C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Psychological Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Adults Psychosom Med, September 1, 2004; 66(5): 684 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Trivedi, A. J. Rush, M. L. Crismon, T. M. Kashner, M. G. Toprac, T. J. Carmody, T. Key, M. M. Biggs, K. Shores-Wilson, B. Witte, et al. Clinical Results for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder in the Texas Medication Algorithm Project Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2004; 61(7): 669 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Shemesh, R. Yehuda, O. Milo, I. Dinur, A. Rudnick, Z. Vered, and G. Cotter Posttraumatic Stress, Nonadherence, and Adverse Outcome in Survivors of a Myocardial Infarction Psychosom Med, July 1, 2004; 66(4): 521 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C M Dickens, L McGowan, C Percival, J Douglas, B Tomenson, L Cotter, A Heagerty, and F H Creed Lack of a close confidant, but not depression, predicts further cardiac events after myocardial infarction Heart, May 1, 2004; 90(5): 518 - 522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. S. Lett, J. A. Blumenthal, M. A. Babyak, A. Sherwood, T. Strauman, C. Robins, and M. F. Newman Depression as a Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Treatment Psychosom Med, May 1, 2004; 66(3): 305 - 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Skala and K. E. Freedland Death Takes a Raincheck Psychosom Med, May 1, 2004; 66(3): 382 - 386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Davidson, N. Rieckmann, and F. Lesperance Psychological Theories of Depression: Potential Application for the Prevention of Acute Coronary Syndrome Recurrence Psychosom Med, March 1, 2004; 66(2): 165 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. J. Bartlett, J. A. Krishnan, K. A. Riekert, A. M. Butz, F. J. Malveaux, and C. S. Rand Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Adherence to Therapy in Inner-City Children With Asthma Pediatrics, February 1, 2004; 113(2): 229 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Zellweger, R. H. Osterwalder, W. Langewitz, and M. E. Pfisterer Coronary artery disease and depression Eur. Heart J., January 1, 2004; 25(1): 3 - 9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Luukinen, P. Laippala, and H.V. Huikuri Depressive symptoms and the risk of sudden cardiac death among the elderly Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2003; 24(22): 2021 - 2026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A.H. Stewart, F. M. North, T. M. West, K. J. Sharples, R.J. Simes, D. M. Colquhoun, H. D. White, A. M. Tonkin, and for the Long-Term Intervention With Pravastatin in Depression and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: cause or consequence? Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2003; 24(22): 2027 - 2037. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Cuellar, S. Cochran, C. Ladner, B. Mercier, A. Townsend, B. Harbaugh, and D. Douglas Depression and the Use of Conventional and Nonconventional Interventions by Rural Patients Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, October 1, 2003; 9(5): 151 - 158. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Schattner The emotional dimension and the biological paradigm of illness: time for a change QJM, September 1, 2003; 96(9): 617 - 621. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. L. Serebruany, A. H. Glassman, A. I. Malinin, C. B. Nemeroff, D. L. Musselman, L. T. van Zyl, M. S. Finkel, K. R. R. Krishnan, M. Gaffney, W. Harrison, et al. Platelet/Endothelial Biomarkers in Depressed Patients Treated With the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Sertraline After Acute Coronary Events: The Sertraline AntiDepressant Heart Attack Randomized Trial (SADHART) Platelet Substudy Circulation, August 26, 2003; 108(8): 939 - 944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. C. Suarez Joint Effect of Hostility and Severity of Depressive Symptoms on Plasma Interleukin-6 Concentration Psychosom Med, July 1, 2003; 65(4): 523 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee for the ENRICHD Investigators Effects of Treating Depression and Low Perceived Social Support on Clinical Events After Myocardial Infarction: The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial JAMA, June 18, 2003; 289(23): 3106 - 3116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Frasure-Smith and F. Lesperance Depression and Other Psychological Risks Following Myocardial Infarction Arch Gen Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 60(6): 627 - 636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Lesperance and N. Frasure-Smith Depression and coronary artery disease: time to move from observation to trials Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 4, 2003; 168(5): 570 - 571. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P C Strike and A Steptoe Depression, stress, and the heart Heart, December 1, 2002; 88(5): 441 - 443. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Lane, D. Carroll, C. Ring, D G. Beevers, and G. Y H Lip In-hospital symptoms of depression do not predict mortality 3 years after myocardial infarction Int. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2002; 31(6): 1179 - 1182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Frasure-Smith, F. Lesperance, G. Gravel, A. Masson, M. Juneau, and M. G. Bourassa Long-Term Survival Differences Among Low-Anxious, High-Anxious and Repressive Copers Enrolled in the Montreal Heart Attack Readjustment Trial Psychosom Med, July 1, 2002; 64(4): 571 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|