(Circulation. 2000;101:1267.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Ambient Pollution and Heart Rate Variability
From the Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard Medical School (D.R.G., A. Litonjua, M.V., R.C.); the Environmental Epidemiology Program and the Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health (D.R.G., J.S., G.A.); and the Institute of Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass (E.L., A. Larson, B.N., R.V.); and Marquette Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis (A. Larson).
Correspondence to Diane R. Gold, MD, MPH, The Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical Laboratory, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5804. redrg@gauss.bwh.harvard.edu
Background—We investigated
associations between ambient pollution levels and
cardiovascular function in a repeated measures study
including 163 observations on twenty-one 53- to 87-year-old active
Boston residents observed up to 12 times from June to September 1997.
Particles with aerodynamic diameter 
2.5 µm (PM2.5)
were measured continuously using a tapered element oscillating
microbalance.
Methods and Results—The protocol involved 25 minutes per week of continuous Holter ECG monitoring, including 5 minutes of rest, 5 minutes of standing, 5 minutes of exercise outdoors, 5 minutes of recovery, and 20 cycles of slow breathing. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed through time domain variables: the standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the squared differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (r-MSSD). Mean 4-hour PM2.5 levels ranged from 3 to 49 µg/m3; 1-hour ozone levels ranged from 1 to 77 ppb. In multivariate analyses, significantly less HRV (SDNN and r-MSSD) was associated with elevated PM2.5. During slow breathing, a reduction in r-MSSD of 6.1 ms was associated with an interquartile (14.3 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 during the hour of and the 3 hours previous to the Holter session (P=0.006). During slow breathing, a multiple pollution model was associated with a reduction in r-MSSD of 5.4 ms (P=0.02) and 5.5 ms (P=0.03) for interquartile changes in PM2.5 and ozone, respectively, resulting in a combined effect equivalent to a 33% reduction in the mean r-MSSD.
Conclusions—Particle and ozone exposure may decrease vagal tone, resulting in reduced HRV.
Key Words: nervous system, autonomic • heart rate • epidemiology • electrophysiology • air pollution
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G. A. Wellenius, P. H. N. Saldiva, J. R. F. Batalha, G. G. Krishna Murthy, B. A. Coull, R. L. Verrier, and J. J. Godleski Electrocardiographic Changes during Exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) Particles in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2002; 66(2): 327 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Glantz Air pollution as a cause of heart disease: Time for action J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2002; 39(6): 943 - 945. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. NEMMAR, H. VANBILLOEN, M. F. HOYLAERTS, P. H. M. HOET, A. VERBRUGGEN, and B. NEMERY Passage of Intratracheally Instilled Ultrafine Particles from the Lung into the Systemic Circulation in Hamster Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2001; 164(9): 1665 - 1668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. J. GHIO, J. G. GILBEY, V. L. ROGGLI, J. H. RICHARDS, J. K. MCGEE, J. L. CARSON, R. B. DEVLIN, and W. E. CASCIO Diffuse Alveolar Damage after Exposure to an Oil Fly Ash Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2001; 164(8): 1514 - 1518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. ZANOBETTI and J. SCHWARTZ Are Diabetics More Susceptible to the Health Effects of Airborne Particles? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2001; 164(5): 831 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. R. Magari, R. Hauser, J. Schwartz, P. L. Williams, T. J. Smith, and D. C. Christiani Association of Heart Rate Variability With Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Circulation, August 28, 2001; 104(9): 986 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A Peters, M Frohlich, A Doring, T Immervoll, H.-E Wichmann, W.L Hutchinson, M.B Pepys, and W Koenig Particulate air pollution is associated with an acute phase response in men. Results from the MONICA-Augsburg Study Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2001; 22(14): 1198 - 1204. [Abstract] [PDF]
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A. Peters, D. W. Dockery, J. E. Muller, and M. A. Mittleman Increased Particulate Air Pollution and the Triggering of Myocardial Infarction Circulation, June 12, 2001; 103(23): 2810 - 2815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Sydbom, A. Blomberg, S. Parnia, N. Stenfors, T. Sandstrom, and S-E. Dahlen Health effects of diesel exhaust emissions Eur. Respir. J., April 1, 2001; 17(4): 733 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. D. Brook, J. R. Brook, B. Urch, R. Vincent, S. Rajagopalan, and F. Silverman Inhalation of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Ozone Causes Acute Arterial Vasoconstriction in Healthy Adults Circulation, April 2, 2002; 105(13): 1534 - 1536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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