(Circulation. 1999;100:193-202.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports |
Survival, Integration, and Differentiation of Cardiomyocyte Grafts
A Study in Normal and Injured Rat Hearts
From the Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
Correspondence to Charles E. Murry, MD, PhD, University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Box 357470, Room E-520 HSB, Seattle, WA 98195-7335. E-mail murry{at}u.washington.edu
Background—Cardiomyocyte grafting augments myocyte numbers in the heart. We investigated (1) how developmental stage influences graft survival; (2) whether acutely necrotic or healing cardiac lesions support grafts; and (3) the differentiation and integration of cardiomyocyte grafts in injured hearts.
Methods and Results—Cardiomyocytes from fetal, neonatal, or adult inbred rats were grafted into normal myocardium, acutely cryoinjured myocardium, or granulation tissue (6 days after injury). Adult cardiomyocytes did not survive under any conditions. In contrast, fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes formed viable grafts under all conditions. Time-course studies with neonatal cardiomyocytes showed that the grafts recapitulated many aspects of normal development. The adherens junction protein N-cadherin was distributed circumferentially at day 1 but began to organize into intercalated disk–like structures by day 6. The gap junction protein connexin43 followed a similar but delayed pattern relative to N-cadherin. From 2 to 8 weeks, there was progressive hypertrophy and the formation of mature intercalated disks. In some hearts, graft cells formed adherens and gap junctions with host cardiomyocytes, suggesting electromechanical coupling. More commonly, however, grafts were separated from the host myocardium by scar tissue. Gap and adherens junctions formed between neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes in coculture, as evidenced by dye transfer and localization of cadherin and connexin43 at intercellular junctions.
Conclusions—Grafted fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes form new, mature myocardium with the capacity to couple with injured host myocardium. Optimal repair, however, may require reducing the isolation of the graft by the intervening scar tissue.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • cell transplantation • gap junctions • cadherins • connexin43
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W.-H. Zimmermann, K. Schneiderbanger, P. Schubert, M. Didie, F. Munzel, J.F. Heubach, S. Kostin, W.L. Neuhuber, and T. Eschenhagen Tissue Engineering of a Differentiated Cardiac Muscle Construct Circ. Res., February 8, 2002; 90(2): 223 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C.E. MURRY, M.L. WHITNEY, M.A. LAFLAMME, H. REINECKE, and L.J. FIELD Cellular Therapies for Myocardial Infarct Repair Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 2002; 67(0): 519 - 526. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. Suzuki, B. Murtuza, N. Suzuki, R. T. Smolenski, and M. H. Yacoub Intracoronary Infusion of Skeletal Myoblasts Improves Cardiac Function in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure Circulation, September 18, 2001; 104 (2009): I-213 - I-217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. R. Fuchs, B. A. Nasseri, and J. P. Vacanti Tissue engineering: a 21st century solution to surgical reconstruction Ann. Thorac. Surg., August 1, 2001; 72(2): 577 - 591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 A. E Basile-Borgia and V. C Ware Life and death of a cardiac myocyte: principles of cellular biology Perfusion, May 1, 2001; 16(3): 229 - 241. [Abstract] [PDF]
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R. M. El Oakley, O. C. Ooi, A. Bongso, and M. H. Yacoub Myocyte transplantation for myocardial repair: a few good cells can mend a broken heart Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2001; 71(5): 1724 - 1733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Arutunyan, D. R. Webster, L. M. Swift, and N. Sarvazyan Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2001; 280(4): H1905 - H1915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. A HAGÈGE and P. MENASCHÉ Cellular cardiomyoplasty: a new hope in heart failure? Heart, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 465 - 466. [Full Text]
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T. Imanishi, C. E. Murry, H. Reinecke, T. Hano, I. Nishio, W.C. Liles, L. Hofsta, K. Kim, K. D. O'Brien, S. M. Schwartz, et al. Cellular FLIP is expressed in cardiomyocytes and down-regulated in TUNEL-positive grafted cardiac tissues Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2000; 48(1): 101 - 110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Lee, M. L. Springer, W. E. Blanco-Bose, R. Shaw, P. C. Ursell, and H. M. Blau VEGF Gene Delivery to Myocardium : Deleterious Effects of Unregulated Expression Circulation, August 22, 2000; 102(8): 898 - 901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Reinlib and L. Field Cell Transplantation as Future Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease? : A Workshop of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Circulation, May 9, 2000; 101 (18): e182 - e187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 H. Reinecke, G. H. MacDonald, S. D. Hauschka, and C. E. Murry Electromechanical Coupling between Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle: Implications for Infarct Repair J. Cell Biol., May 1, 2000; 149(3): 731 - 740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Yamashita, M. J. Tyska, D. M. Warshaw, S. Lowey, and K. M. Trybus Functional Consequences of Mutations in the Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain at Sites Implicated in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Biol. Chem., September 1, 2000; 275(36): 28045 - 28052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W.-H. Zimmermann, K. Schneiderbanger, P. Schubert, M. Didie, F. Munzel, J.F. Heubach, S. Kostin, W.L. Neuhuber, and T. Eschenhagen Tissue Engineering of a Differentiated Cardiac Muscle Construct Circ. Res., February 8, 2002; 90(2): 223 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Laflamme, D. Myerson, J. E. Saffitz, and C. E. Murry Evidence for Cardiomyocyte Repopulation by Extracardiac Progenitors in Transplanted Human Hearts Circ. Res., April 5, 2002; 90(6): 634 - 640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Muller-Ehmsen, K. L. Peterson, L. Kedes, P. Whittaker, J. S. Dow, T. I. Long, P. W. Laird, and R. A. Kloner Rebuilding a Damaged Heart: Long-Term Survival of Transplanted Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes After Myocardial Infarction and Effect on Cardiac Function Circulation, April 9, 2002; 105(14): 1720 - 1726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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