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on November 24, 2003

Circulation. 2003
Published online before print November 24, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000101924.04515.2E
A more recent version of this article appeared on December 16, 2003
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Submitted on September 17, 2001
Revised on August 13, 2003
Accepted on August 14, 2003

Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthesis. Genetic and Physiological Evidence

Hayan Dayoub MD, Vinod Achan MD, Shanthi Adimoolam PhD, Johannes Jacobi MD, Marcus C. Stuehlinger MD, Bing-yin Wang MD, PhD, Philip S. Tsao PhD, M. Kimoto PhD, Patrick Vallance MD, Andrew J. Patterson MD, PhD, and John P. Cooke MD, PhD*

From the Program in Vascular Medicine and Biology (H.D., S.A., J.J., M.C.S., V.-y.W., P.T., J.P.C.) and Department of Anesthesiology (A.J.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology (V.A., P.V.), Department of Medicine, University College London, UK; and Department of Nutritional Science (M.K.), Okayama Prefectural University, Kuboki, Japan.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: john.cooke{at}stanford.edu.

Background--NO is a major regulator of cardiovascular physiology that reduces vascular and cardiac contractility. Accumulating evidence indicates that endogenous inhibitors may regulate NOS. The NOS inhibitors asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and N-monomethylarginine are metabolized by the enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). This study was designed to determine if increased expression of DDAH could reduce tissue and plasma levels of the NOS inhibitors and thereby increase NO synthesis.

Methods and Results--We used gene transfer and transgenic approaches to overexpress human DDAH I in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of DDAH in cultured endothelial cells in vitro induced a 2-fold increase in NOS activity and NO production. In the hDDAH-1 transgenic mice, we observed {approx}2-fold increases in tissue NOS activity and urinary nitrogen oxides, associated with a 2-fold reduction in plasma ADMA. The systolic blood pressure of transgenic mice was 13 mm Hg lower than that of wild-type controls (P<0.05). The systemic vascular resistance and cardiac contractility were decreased in response to the increase in NO production.

Conclusions--DDAH I overexpression increases NOS activity in vitro and in vivo. The hDDAH-1 transgenic animal exhibits a reduced systolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiac stroke volume. This study provides compelling evidence that the elaboration and metabolism of endogenous ADMA plays an important role in regulation of NOS activity.


Key words: nitric oxide • endothelium • blood pressure • risk factors • vasodilation




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