Published Online
on January 13, 2003

A more recent version of this article appeared on February 4, 2003

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Submitted on July 18, 2002
Revised on October 15, 2002
Accepted on October 22, 2002

Identification of Hibernating Myocardium With Quantitative Intravenous Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography. Comparison With Dobutamine Echocardiography and Thallium-201 Scintigraphy

Sarah Shimoni MD, Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis MD, Constadina J. Aggeli MD, Kesavan Shan MD, Mario S. Verani MD, Miguel A. Quinones MD, Rafael Espada MD, George V. Letsou MD, Gerald M. Lawrie MD, William L. Winters MD, Michael J. Reardon MD, and William A. Zoghbi MD^*

From the Sections of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, the Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine and the Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, Tex.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wzoghbi{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Background--There are currently no data on the accuracy of intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in detecting myocardial hibernation in man and its comparative accuracy to dobutamine echocardiography (DE) or thallium 201 (Tl²⁰¹) scintigraphy.

Methods and Results--Twenty patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular dysfunction underwent MCE 1 to 5 days before bypass surgery and repeat echocardiography at 3 to 4 months. Patients also underwent DE (n=18) and rest-redistribution Tl²⁰¹ tomography (n=16) before revascularization. MCE was performed using continuous Optison infusion (12 to 16 cc/h) with intermittent pulse inversion harmonics and incremental triggering (1:1 to 1:8). Myocardial contrast intensity (MCI) replenishment curves were constructed to derive quantitative MCE indices of blood velocity and flow. Recovery of function occurred in 38% of dysfunctional segments. MCE parameters of perfusion in hibernating myocardium were similar to segments with normal function and higher than dysfunctional myocardium without recovery of function (P<0.001). The best MCE parameter for predicting functional recovery was Peak MCIx, an index of myocardial blood flow (area under the curve, 0.83). MCE parameters were higher in segments with contractile reserve and Tl²⁰¹ uptake 60% (P<0.05) and identified viable segments without contractile reserve by DE. The sensitivity of Peak MCIx >1.5 dB/s for recovery of function was 90% and was similar to Tl²⁰¹ scintigraphy (92%) and any contractile reserve (80%); specificity was higher than for Tl²⁰¹ and DE (63%, 45%, and 54%, respectively; P<0.05).

Conclusions--MCE with intravenous contrast identifies myocardial hibernation in humans. Prediction of viable myocardium with MCE is best using quantification of myocardial blood flow and provides improved accuracy compared with DE and Tl²⁰¹ scintigraphy.

Key words: echocardiography • perfusion • hibernation • ischemia • cardiovascular diseases

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