Published Online
on July 1, 2002

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 23, 2002

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Submitted on March 20, 2002
Revised on May 1, 2002
Accepted on May 2, 2002

Magnetic Resonance--Guided Placement of Atrial Septal Closure Device in Animal Model of Patent Foramen Ovale

Arno Buecker MD^*, Elmar Spuentrup MD, Ralph Grabitz MD, Franz Freudenthal MD, Eberhard G. Muehler MD, Tobias Schaeffter PhD, Joop J. van Vaals PhD, and Rolf W. Günther MD

From the Clinic of Diagnostic Radiology (A.B., E.S., F.F., R.W.G.) and the Clinic of Pediatric Cardiology (E.G.M.), University of Technology Aachen, Aachen, Germany; the Department of Pediatric Cardiology (R.G.), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; Philips Research Laboratories (T.S.), Hamburg, Germany; and Philips Medical Systems (J.J.v.V.), Best, the Netherlands.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: buecker{at}rad.rwth-aachen.de.

Background—Percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale (PFO) is usually performed under x-ray in combination with ultrasound guidance. We tested the feasibility of applying magnetic resonance (MR) guidance for percutaneous closure of PFO in an animal model, thus avoiding the disadvantage of ionizing radiation.

Methods and Results—Real-time MRI with radial or spiral k-space filling (15 frames per second) on an interventional 1.5-T high-field whole-body system was exploited to examine the feasibility of MR-guided closure of the PFO in 7 piglets weighing 14 kg. A specially designed prototype nonmagnetic closure device was introduced via the femoral vein. The short bore of the magnet and in-room monitors allowed for visualization and steering of the catheter with the loaded occluder. Catheterization of the left atrium and, finally, correct placement of the device was possible in all animals. Deployment of the device was depicted by real-time MR, and initial misplacement, which occurred in 2 animals, was easily detected and corrected.

Conclusions—Real-time MR guidance of PFO closure, without the use of ionizing radiation, is feasible in an animal model.

Key words: magnetic resonance imaging • catheterization • defects

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