Risk Stratification
|
Procedure Examples
|
| Vascular (reported cardiac risk often more than 5%) |
Aortic and other major vascular surgery |
| Peripheral vascular surgery |
| Intermediate (reported cardiac risk generally 1% to 5%) |
Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic surgery |
| Carotid endarterectomy |
| Head and neck surgery |
|
Orthopedic surgery |
|
Prostate surgery |
Low (reported cardiac risk generally less than 1%) |
Endoscopic procedures |
| Superficial procedure |
| Cataract surgery |
|
Breast surgery |
|
Ambulatory surgery |
|
| *Combined incidence of cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. |
| These procedures do not generally require further preoperative cardiac testing. |
