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Circulation. 2006;114:e548
doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.644674
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(Circulation. 2006;114:e548.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.


Correspondence

Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Relationship Between Homocysteine and Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease"

Vandana Menon, MD; Mark J. Sarnak, MD; Arema A. Pereira, MD; Andrew S. Levey, MD

Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass

Tom Greene, PhD; Xuelei Wang, MS; Gerald J. Beck, PhD

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio

John W. Kusek, PhD

National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md

Jacob Selhub, PhD

Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Mass

Allan J. Collins, MD

Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minn

Michael G. Shlipak, MD

General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif

In commenting on our article,1 Undas and Jakubowski suggest that levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) may not adequately capture excess cardiovascular risk due to sub-species or metabolites of homocysteine. However, several previous studies that have demonstrated a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and increased risk of mortality have measured tHcy.2–6 Moreover, the Hcy-protein adducts that are implicated by Undas and Jakubowski as potential mediators of tHcy toxicity also accumulate in kidney disease.7 Thus, like tHcy, levels of subspecies of Hcy and its metabolites may also be related to level of kidney function. Therefore, any examination of the relation between Hcy and cardiovascular disease must include adjustment for level of kidney function.


*    Acknowledgments
 
Disclosures

None.


*    References
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*References
 
1. Menon V, Sarnak MJ, Greene T, Wang X, Pereira AA, Beck GJ, Kusek JW, Selhub J, Collins AJ, Levey AS, Shlipak MG. Relationship between homocysteine and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Circulation. 2006; 113: 1572–1577.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

2. Kark JD, Selhub J, Adler B, Gofin J, Abramson JH, Friedman G, Rosenberg IH. Nonfasting plasma total homocysteine level and mortality in middle-aged and elderly men and women in Jerusalem. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 131: 321–330.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

3. Nygard O, Nordrehaug JE, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Farstad M, Vollset SE. Plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 230–236.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

4. Soinio M, Marniemi J, Laakso M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T. Elevated plasma homocysteine level is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 140: 94–100.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

5. Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, Newcomer LM, Upson B, Ullmann D, Tishler PV, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA. 1992; 268: 877–881.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

6. Zylberstein DE, Bengtsson C, Bjorkelund C, Landaas S, Sundh V, Thelle D, Lissner L. Serum homocysteine in relation to mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease: a 24-year follow-up of the population study of women in Gothenburg. Circulation. 2004; 109: 601–606.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

7. Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Lombardi C, Acanfora F, Satta E, Cesare CM, Violetti E, Romano MM, De Santo NG. Possible mechanisms of homocysteine toxicity. Kidney Int Suppl. 2003: S137–S140.





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