(Circulation. 2006;114:e548.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.
Correspondence |
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Mass
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, Mass
Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minn
General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif
In commenting on our article,1 Undas and Jakubowski suggest that levels of total homocysteine (tHcy) may not adequately capture excess cardiovascular risk due to sub-species or metabolites of homocysteine. However, several previous studies that have demonstrated a relation between hyperhomocysteinemia and increased risk of mortality have measured tHcy.26 Moreover, the Hcy-protein adducts that are implicated by Undas and Jakubowski as potential mediators of tHcy toxicity also accumulate in kidney disease.7 Thus, like tHcy, levels of subspecies of Hcy and its metabolites may also be related to level of kidney function. Therefore, any examination of the relation between Hcy and cardiovascular disease must include adjustment for level of kidney function.
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3. Nygard O, Nordrehaug JE, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Farstad M, Vollset SE. Plasma homocysteine levels and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 230236.
4. Soinio M, Marniemi J, Laakso M, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T. Elevated plasma homocysteine level is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004; 140: 94100.
5. Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, Newcomer LM, Upson B, Ullmann D, Tishler PV, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of plasma homocyst(e)ine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA. 1992; 268: 877881.
6. Zylberstein DE, Bengtsson C, Bjorkelund C, Landaas S, Sundh V, Thelle D, Lissner L. Serum homocysteine in relation to mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease: a 24-year follow-up of the population study of women in Gothenburg. Circulation. 2004; 109: 601606.
7. Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Lombardi C, Acanfora F, Satta E, Cesare CM, Violetti E, Romano MM, De Santo NG. Possible mechanisms of homocysteine toxicity. Kidney Int Suppl. 2003: S137S140.
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