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Circulation. 2005;112:e154-e235
Published online before print September 13, 2005, doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586
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(Circulation. 2005;112:e154-e235.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.


ACC/AHA Practice Guidelines

ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult

A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society

WRITING COMMITTEE: Sharon Ann Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; William T. Abraham, MD, FACC, FAHA; Marshall H. Chin, MD, MPH, FACP; Arthur M. Feldman, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA; Gary S. Francis, MD, FACC, FAHA; Theodore G. Ganiats, MD; Mariell Jessup, MD, FACC, FAHA; Marvin A. Konstam, MD, FACC; Donna M. Mancini, MD; Keith Michl, MD, FACP; John A. Oates, MD, FAHA; Peter S. Rahko, MD, FACC, FAHA; Marc A. Silver, MD, FACC, FAHA; Lynne Warner Stevenson, MD, FACC, FAHA; Clyde W. Yancy, MD, FACC, FAHA

TASK FORCE MEMBERS: Elliott M. Antman, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair; Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice Chair; Cynthia D. Adams, MSN, APRN-BC, FAHA; Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA; David P. Faxon, MD, FACC, FAHA*; Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, FESC*; Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA; Loren F. Hiratzka, MD, FACC, FAHA*; Sharon Ann Hunt, MD, FACC, FAHA; Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA; Rick Nishimura, MD, FACC, FAHA; Joseph P. Ornato, MD, FACC, FAHA; Richard L. Page, MD, FACC, FAHA; Barbara Riegel, DNSc, RN



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*    Footnotes
 
*Former Task Force Member Back

This document was approved by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Board of Trustees in August 2005 and by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee in August 2005.

When citing this document, the American Heart Association requests that the following citation format be used: Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). American College of Cardiology Web Site. Available at: http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/failure//index.pdf.

Copies: This document is available on the World Wide Web sites of the American College of Cardiology (www.acc.org) and the American Heart Association (www.my.americanheart.org). Single copies of this document are available by calling 1-800-253-4636 or writing the American College of Cardiology Foundation, Resource Center, at 9111 Old Georgetown Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-1699. Ask for reprint number 71-0327. To obtain a reprint of the Summary Article published in the September 20, 2005 issues of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology and Circulation, ask for reprint number 71-0328. To purchase bulk reprints (specify version and reprint number): Up to 999 copies, call 1-800-611-6083 US only) or fax 413-665-2671; 1000 or more copies, call 214-706-1789, fax 214-691-6342, or e-mail pubauth@heart.org.

Permissions: Multiple copies, modification, alteration, enhancement, and/or distribution of this document are not permitted without the express permission of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Please direct requests to copyright_permissions@acc.org.

© 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association, Inc.




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BNP-Guided Heart Failure Therapy in Older Patients
JAMA, May 27, 2009; 301(20): 2091 - 2092.
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CirculationHome page
R. Mogelvang, P. Sogaard, S. A. Pedersen, N. T. Olsen, J. L. Marott, P. Schnohr, J. P. Goetze, and J. S. Jensen
Cardiac Dysfunction Assessed by Echocardiographic Tissue Doppler Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in the General Population
Circulation, May 26, 2009; 119(20): 2679 - 2685.
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Arch Intern MedHome page
J. T. Wright Jr, J. L. Probstfield, W. C. Cushman, S. L. Pressel, J. A. Cutler, B. R. Davis, P. T. Einhorn, M. Rahman, P. K. Whelton, C. E. Ford, et al.
ALLHAT Findings Revisited in the Context of Subsequent Analyses, Other Trials, and Meta-analyses
Arch Intern Med, May 11, 2009; 169(9): 832 - 842.
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Circ Heart FailHome page
J. A. Dixon and F. G. Spinale
Large Animal Models of Heart Failure: A Critical Link in the Translation of Basic Science to Clinical Practice
Circ Heart Fail, May 1, 2009; 2(3): 262 - 271.
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JNMHome page
M. M. Boogers, S. D. Van Kriekinge, M. M. Henneman, C. Ypenburg, R. J. Van Bommel, E. Boersma, P. Dibbets-Schneider, M. P. Stokkel, M. J. Schalij, D. S. Berman, et al.
Quantitative Gated SPECT-Derived Phase Analysis on Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Detects Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony and Predicts Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
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Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
G. Y. Oudit, Y. Imai, K. Kuba, J. W. Scholey, and J. M. Penninger
The role of ACE2 in pulmonary diseases--relevance for the nephrologist
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Circ Heart FailHome page
M. Palardy, L. W. Stevenson, G. Tasissa, M. A. Hamilton, R. C. Bourge, T. G. DiSalvo, U. Elkayam, J. A. Hill, S. C. Reimold, and for the ESCAPE Investigators
Reduction in Mitral Regurgitation During Therapy Guided by Measured Filling Pressures in the ESCAPE Trial
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Age AgeingHome page
D. Scrutinio, A. Passantino, D. Santoro, E. Cacciapaglia, and G. Farinola
Prognostic value of formulas estimating excretory renal function in the elderly with systolic heart failure
Age Ageing, May 1, 2009; 38(3): 296 - 301.
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Eur J Heart FailHome page
I. Laonigro, M. Correale, M. Di Biase, and E. Altomare
Alcohol abuse and heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail, May 1, 2009; 11(5): 453 - 462.
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D. Andreini, G. Pontone, A. L. Bartorelli, P. Agostoni, S. Mushtaq, E. Bertella, D. Trabattoni, G. Cattadori, S. Cortinovis, A. Annoni, et al.
Sixty-Four-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography: An Accurate Imaging Modality for the Evaluation of Coronary Arteries in Dilated Cardiomyopathy of Unknown Etiology
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EuropaceHome page
D. R. Tomlinson, Y. Bashir, T. R. Betts, and K. Rajappan
Accuracy of manual QRS duration assessment: its importance in patient selection for cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy
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CMAJHome page
J. R. Dalzell and C. E. Jackson
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Can. Med. Assoc. J., April 28, 2009; 180(9): 952 - 952.
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NEJMHome page
H. J. Eisen
Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction for Heart Failure
N. Engl. J. Med., April 23, 2009; 360(17): 1781 - 1784.
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NEJMHome page
R. H. Jones, E. J. Velazquez, R. E. Michler, G. Sopko, J. K. Oh, C. M. O'Connor, J. A. Hill, L. Menicanti, Z. Sadowski, P. Desvigne-Nickens, et al.
Coronary Bypass Surgery with or without Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction
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J. P. Curtis, J. J. Luebbert, Y. Wang, S. S. Rathore, J. Chen, P. A. Heidenreich, S. C. Hammill, R. I. Lampert, and H. M. Krumholz
Association of Physician Certification and Outcomes Among Patients Receiving an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator
JAMA, April 22, 2009; 301(16): 1661 - 1670.
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C. M. O'Connor, D. J. Whellan, K. L. Lee, S. J. Keteyian, L. S. Cooper, S. J. Ellis, E. S. Leifer, W. E. Kraus, D. W. Kitzman, J. A. Blumenthal, et al.
Efficacy and Safety of Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: HF-ACTION Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, April 8, 2009; 301(14): 1439 - 1450.
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Eur J Heart FailHome page
F. Gustafsson, M. Schou, L. Videbaek, N. Dridi, H. Ryde, J. Handberg, P. R. Hildebrandt, and on behalf of the Danish Heart Failure Clinics Netw
Incidence and predictors of hospitalization or death in patients managed in multidisciplinary heart failure clinics
Eur J Heart Fail, April 1, 2009; 11(4): 413 - 419.
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HeartHome page
A Rassi Jr, J C P Dias, J A Marin-Neto, and A Rassi
Challenges and opportunities for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of Chagas' disease
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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
E. Burgess, N. Muirhead, P. R. de Cotret, A. Chiu, V. Pichette, S. Tobe, and the SMART (Supra Maximal Atacand Renal Trial) Inve
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Eur J Heart Fail SupplHome page
F.D.R. Hobbs
Clinical burden and health service challenges of chronic heart failure
Eur J Heart Fail Suppl, April 1, 2009; 8(suppl_1): i1 - i4.
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Heart failure guidelines in North America and Europe: agreement or disagreement?
Eur J Heart Fail Suppl, April 1, 2009; 8(suppl_1): i11 - i14.
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Antithrombotic Therapy in Heart Failure: WATCHful Wondering
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NEJMHome page
K. Bibbins-Domingo, M. J. Pletcher, F. Lin, E. Vittinghoff, J. M. Gardin, A. Arynchyn, C. E. Lewis, O. D. Williams, and S. B. Hulley
Racial Differences in Incident Heart Failure among Young Adults
N. Engl. J. Med., March 19, 2009; 360(12): 1179 - 1190.
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BMJHome page
J. R Dalzell
{beta} blockers and decompensated heart failure
BMJ, March 9, 2009; 338(mar09_2): b955 - b955.
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CMAJHome page
K. Tzanetos, D. Leong, and R. C. Wu
Office management of patients with diastolic heart failure
Can. Med. Assoc. J., March 3, 2009; 180(5): 520 - 527.
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Eur J Heart FailHome page
L. Luthje, B. Renner, R. Kessels, D. Vollmann, T. Raupach, B. Gerritse, S. Tasci, J. O. Schwab, M. Zabel, D. Zenker, et al.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy and atrial overdrive pacing for the treatment of central sleep apnoea
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A. Mebazaa, M. S. Nieminen, G. S. Filippatos, J. G. Cleland, J. E. Salon, R. Thakkar, R. J. Padley, B. Huang, and A. Cohen-Solal
Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on {beta}-blockers in SURVIVE
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EuropaceHome page
G. Z. Duray, J. Schmitt, S. Cicek-Hartvig, S. H. Hohnloser, and C. W. Israel
Complications leading to surgical revision in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients: comparison of patients with single-chamber, dual-chamber, and biventricular devices
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HypertensionHome page
O. J. Ekundayo, R. M. Allman, P. W. Sanders, I. Aban, T. E. Love, D. Arnett, and A. Ahmed
Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Incident Heart Failure in Older Adults: A Propensity-Matched Study
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J. A. Ezekowitz and F. A. McAlister
Aldosterone blockade and left ventricular dysfunction: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials
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Ann. Thorac. Surg.Home page
B. Hansky, J. Vogt, A. Zittermann, H. Guldner, J. Heintze, U. Schulz, D. Horstkotte, G. Tenderich, and R. Korfer
Cardiac resynchronization therapy: long-term alternative to cardiac transplantation?
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F. Nicolini and T. Gherli
Alternatives to transplantation in the surgical therapy for heart failure
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N. M. Hawkins, M. C. Petrie, P. S. Jhund, G. W. Chalmers, F. G. Dunn, and J. J.V. McMurray
Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology
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P. Milliez, S. Messaoudi, J. Nehme, C. Rodriguez, J.-L. Samuel, and C. Delcayre
Beneficial effects of delayed ivabradine treatment on cardiac anatomical and electrical remodeling in rat severe chronic heart failure
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M. Pfisterer, P. Buser, H. Rickli, M. Gutmann, P. Erne, P. Rickenbacher, A. Vuillomenet, U. Jeker, P. Dubach, H. Beer, et al.
BNP-Guided vs Symptom-Guided Heart Failure Therapy: The Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) Randomized Trial
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CirculationHome page
P. S. Chan, G. Soto, P. G. Jones, B. K. Nallamothu, Z. Zhang, W. S. Weintraub, and J. A. Spertus
Patient Health Status and Costs in Heart Failure: Insights From the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS)
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Am J Health Syst PharmHome page
T. L. Ripley and E. Nutescu
Anticoagulation in patients with heart failure and normal sinus rhythm
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