Published online before print November 4, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000042707.50032.19
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2002;106:2767.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
Brief Rapid Communications |
Adiponectin Reduces Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
From the Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan (Y.O., S.K., N.O., M.N., Y.A., M.K., K.O., N.S., I.S., T.F., Y.M.); and Sankyo Co, Ltd, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan (H.K., N.T., T.I.).
Correspondence to Shinji Kihara, Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. E-mail kihara{at}imed2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
 |
Abstract |
|---|
 Top Abstract IntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Background— Dysregulation of adipocyte-derived bioactive molecules plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. We previously reported that adiponectin, an adipocyte-specific plasma protein, accumulated in the injured artery from the plasma and suppressed endothelial inflammatory response and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, as well as macrophage-to-foam cell transformation in vitro. The current study investigated whether the increased plasma adiponectin could actually reduce atherosclerosis in vivo.
Methods and Results— Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing human adiponectin (Ad-APN) or ß-galactosidase (Ad-ßgal). The plasma adiponectin levels in Ad-APN–treated mice increased 48 times as much as those in Ad-ßgal treated mice. On the 14th day after injection, the lesion formation in aortic sinus was inhibited in Ad-APN–treated mice by 30% compared with Ad-ßgal–treated mice (P<0.05). In the lesions of Ad-APN–treated mice, the lipid droplets became smaller compared with Ad-ßgal–treated mice (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the adenovirus-mediated adiponectin migrate to foam cells in the fatty streak lesions. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that Ad-APN treatment significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 29% and class A scavenger receptor by 34%, and tended to reduce levels of tumor necrosis factor-
without affecting those of CD36 in the aortic tissue.
Conclusions— These findings documented for the first time that elevated plasma adiponectin suppresses the development of atherosclerosis in vivo.
Key Words: proteins • atherosclerosis • plasma • remodeling
|
Introduction |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Adipose tissue secrets a variety of bioactive molecules that directly contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases.1–4 Adiponectin is an adipose-specific plasma protein that was identified by our group in human adipose tissue.4 Acrp30 or AdipoQ, independently cloned by 2 groups, is the mouse counterpart of adiponectin.5,6 Interestingly, low plasma adiponectin concentrations were observed in patients with obesity, coronary artery disease (CAD), and type 2 diabetes with macroangiopathy.7–9 Furthermore, the incidence of cardiovascular death was higher in patients with low plasma adiponectin compared with those with higher adiponectin levels.10 Immunohistochemical studies revealed that adiponectin from the plasma adhered to the injured artery.11,12 In cultured cells, human recombinant adiponectin suppressed the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the transformation of macrophage to foam cells.8,12–14 These data suggest that adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties.
In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of adiponectin on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice.
|
Method |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Recombinant Adenovirus
Replication-defective recombinant adenovirus was constructed with Adenovirus Expression Vector Kit (Takara). Adenovirus expressing the full-length apM1 cDNA4 (Ad-APN) or ß galactosidase gene (Ad-ßgal) was propagated in 293 cells, purified by CsCl gradient centrifugations, and stored at -80°C until use.
Animal Protocol
Male apoE-/- mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me) were fed a normal chow. At the age of 12 weeks, Ad-APN or Ad-ßgal was injected into tail vein (2.2x108 pfu each). The mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg), and the hearts, which contained the aortic sinus and aortic arch, were harvested at the indicated time. This protocol was approved by the Institutional Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee of Osaka University.
Plasma Data Analyses
Blood samples were collected from mice ad libitum on the fifth day after adenovirus injection. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose levels were measured with enzymatic kits (Wako), and insulin levels were assayed with EIA kit (Glazyme). Human or mouse adiponectin levels were determined with adiponectin or Acrp30 ELISA kits (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd).
Histochemical Analyses
The frozen cross-sections (10 µm thick) of aortic sinus embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT; Sakura Finetechnical Co, Ltd) compound after overnight fixation in 10% formalin were mounted on slides. For the analysis of plaque size, the 3 sections (100 µm apart) from each mouse before and on the 14th day after adenovirus injection were stained with Oil Red O. The lesion size and the diameter of lipid droplets in the lesions were quantified with an image analyzing computer software, and the mean values were determined. For the immunohistochemical analyses, frozen sections, harvested on the fifth day after adenovirus injection, were incubated with the either rabbit anti-human adiponectin polyclonal antibody (OCT 9104, 2 µg/mL), rat anti-mouse macrophages (Mac-1) monoclonal antibody (Immunotec, 20 µg/mL), or mouse anti–-smooth muscle actin (-actin) monoclonal antibody (DAKO, 1 µg/mL). The counter-staining for the nucleus was carried out with Mayer’s hematoxylin.
Gene Expression Analysis
To quantify expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and CD36 in aortic tissue, the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan PCR, Perkin-Elmer) was performed as previously described.15 The cDNA was generated from 2 µg total RNA isolated from the upper half of the heart and aortic arch with an oligo dT oligodeoxynucleotide primer (T12–18). The mRNA levels of target genes were divided by those of cyclophilin A, a standard control gene, and normalized. The values in Ad-APN–treated aortas are expressed as a relative percentage compared with those in Ad-ßgal treated aortas.
Data and Statistical Analysis
Data are presented as mean±SEM and were analyzed by Student’s t test or the Mann-Whitney U test, depending on their distribution pattern. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
|
Results |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Plasma adiponectin levels in Ad-APN–treated mice increased to a level 48 times higher than the level of endogenous acrp30 in Ad-ßgal treated mice; however, no significant difference was observed between 2 groups in cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels (Table). In 12-week-old non-treated apoE-/- mice, the atherosclerotic lesion area in aortic sinus and the diameter of lipid droplets in fatty streaks were 2.98x104±0.41 µm2 and 17.8±0.2 µm, respectively. After 14 days of adenovirus injection, the lesion area of Ad-APN–treated mice was significantly reduced by 30% compared with Ad-ßgal treated mice (5.20x104±0.62 versus 3.66x104±0.35 µm2, P<0.05) (Figure 1A and 1B). In the lesions of Ad-APN–treated mice, the diameter of lipid droplets in fatty streaks was significantly reduced relative to Ad-ßgal–treated mice (22.4±0.2 versus 18.0±0.2µm, P<0.01) (Figure 1C and 1D).
|
|
To assess the role of elevated plasma adiponectin in atherosclerotic lesion formation, the localization of adenovirus-derived human adiponectin, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells were analyzed immunohistochemically on the fifth day after adenovirus injection. Adenovirus-derived human adiponectin abundantly adhered to Mac-1 positive and -actin negative cells in the fatty streak lesions (Figure 2A).
|
To further assess the mechanism of lesion reduction, the mRNA levels of VCAM-1, SR-A, TNF-, and CD36 were quantified. Ad-APN treatment significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of VCAM-1 (100±10.3 versus 70.9±4.8%, P<0.05) and SR-A (100±10.0 versus 65.8±9.2%, P<0.05, and tended to reduce those of TNF- (100±33.6 versus 63.1±15.2%) without affecting those of CD36 in the aortic tissue (100±4.5 versus 100.2±13.0%) (Figure 2B).
|
Discussion |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
In the present study, we demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated increase of plasma adiponectin significantly suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice. These mice develop hyperlipidemia and vascular lesions similar to human atherosclerosis.16,17 Even on a normal chow, the initial foam cell lesions in the aortic root progressed from 12- to 14-week-old mice as previously reported.18 Adenovirus-derived adiponectin accumulated in the fatty streak lesions composed of macrophages and foam cells in apoE-/- mice. Ad-APN treatment significantly suppressed the expression of VCAM-1 and SR-A and reduced the lipid accumulation in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-/- mice, although no difference was observed in plasma cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels between Ad-APN and Ad-ßgal treatment.
We previously reported that human recombinant adiponectin suppressed nuclear factor-
B inducible gene expression including VCAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells and SR-A expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages.8,12,14 The recombinant protein did not affect CD36 expression in macrophages.12 Adiponectin treatment dose-dependently decreased the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein.12 In the present study, the Ad-APN treatment actually inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 and SR-A without affecting that of CD36 in vivo. VCAM-1 and SR-A play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. The expression of VCAM-1 localized over the surface of endothelial cells in lesion-prone sites, and the targeted disruption of SR-A reduced the size of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE-/- mice.19,20 Therefore, our findings suggest that the elevated plasma adiponectin protected endothelial cells from hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular injury and suppressed the uptake of modified low-density lipoprotein into foam cells in apoE-/- mice.
The hypo-adiponectinemia was observed in patients with CAD and was associated with the incidence of cardiovascular death.8,10 This study documented for the first time that the overexpression of adiponectin actually reduced atherosclerosis through attenuating endothelial inflammatory response and macrophage to foam cell transformation in vivo. Therefore, in future studies, this model of adiponectin gene transfection will be useful to determine the therapeutic level of plasma adiponectin for preventing atherosclerosis.
|
Acknowledgments |
|---|
This work was supported by grants from the Japanese Ministry of Education and the Japan Society for Promotion of Science-Research for the Future Program.
Received August 19, 2002; revision received October 8, 2002; accepted October 8, 2002.
|
References |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
1. Friedman JM, Halaas JL. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 1998; 395: 763–770.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
2. Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1998; 259: 87–91.
3. Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, et al. Enhanced expression of PAI-1 in visceral fat: possible contributor to vascular disease in obesity. Nature Med. 1996; 2: 800–803.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
4. Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, et al. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (adipose most abundant gene transcript 1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996; 221: 286–289.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
5. Scherer EP, Williams S, Fogliano M, et al. A novel serum protein similar to C1q, produced exclusively in adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270: 26746–26749.
6. Hu E, Liang P, Spiegelman BM. AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271: 10697–10703.
7. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 257: 79–83.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
8. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, et al. Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation. 1999; 100: 2473–2476.
9. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, et al. Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20: 1595–1599.
10. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Tripepi G, et al. Adiponectin, metabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular events among patients with end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002; 13: 34–141.
11. Okamoto Y, Arita Y, Nishida M, et al. An adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, adheres to injured vascular walls. Horm Metab Res. 2000; 32: 47–50.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
12. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation. 2001; 103: 1057–1063.
13. Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, acts as a platelet-derived growth factor-BB binding protein, and regulates growth factor-induced common post-receptor signal in vascular smooth muscle cell. Circulation. 2002; 105: 2893–2898.
14. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, et al. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappaB signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Circulation. 2000; 102: 1296–1301.
15. Li AS, Brown KK, Silvestre MJ, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands inhibit development of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2000; 106: 523–531.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
16. Plump AS, Smith JD, Hayek T, et al. Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell. 1992; 71: 343–353.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
17. Zhang SH, Reddick RL, Piedrahita JA, et al. Spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and arterial lesions in mice lacking apolipoprotein E. Science. 1992; 258: 468–471.
18. Nakashima Y, Plump AS, Raines EW et al. ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1994; 14: 133–140.
19. Nakashima Y, Raines EW, Plump AS, et al. Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998; 18: 842–851.
20. Suzuki H, Kurihara Y, Takeya M, et al. A role for macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis and susceptibility to infection. Nature. 1997; 386: 292–296.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  E. J. Folco, V. Z. Rocha, M. Lopez-Ilasaca, and P. Libby Adiponectin Inhibits Pro-inflammatory Signaling in Human Macrophages Independent of Interleukin-10 J. Biol. Chem., September 18, 2009; 284(38): 25569 - 25575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Karastergiou, V. Mohamed-Ali, M. Jahangiri, and J.-C. Kaski Review: Adiponectin for prediction of cardiovascular risk? The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, July 1, 2009; 9(4): 150 - 154. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Ohashi, N. Ouchi, K. Sato, A. Higuchi, T.-o Ishikawa, H. R. Herschman, S. Kihara, and K. Walsh Adiponectin Promotes Revascularization of Ischemic Muscle through a Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Mechanism Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 2009; 29(13): 3487 - 3499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Nasu, E. Tsuchikane, O. Katoh, N. Tanaka, M. Kimura, M. Ehara, Y. Kinoshita, T. Matsubara, H. Matsuo, K. Asakura, et al. Effect of Fluvastatin on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Evaluated by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., July 1, 2009; 2(7): 689 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Paulo Araujo, P. Lourenco, F. Rocha-Goncalves, A. Ferreira, and P. Bettencourt Adiponectin is increased in cardiac cachexia irrespective of body mass index Eur J Heart Fail, June 1, 2009; 11(6): 567 - 572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Mazaki-Tovi, H. Kanety, C. Pariente, R. Hemi, Y. Yinon, A. Wiser, E. Schiff, and E. Sivan Adiponectin and Leptin Concentrations in Dichorionic Twins with Discordant and Concordant Growth J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2009; 94(3): 892 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sood, C. Qualls, J. Seagrave, C. Stidley, T. Archibeque, M. Berwick, and M. Schuyler Effect of Specific Allergen Inhalation on Serum Adiponectin in Human Asthma Chest, February 1, 2009; 135(2): 287 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Wang, X. Zhao, H. Jin, H. Wei, W. Li, D. Bu, X. Tang, Y. Ren, C. Tang, and J. Du Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, February 1, 2009; 29(2): 173 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. L. King, A. Y. Lin, F. Kristo, T. J.T. Anderson, N. Ahluwalia, G. J. Hardy, A. P. Owens III, D. A. Howatt, D. Shen, A. M. Tager, et al. Interferon-{gamma} and the Interferon-Inducible Chemokine CXCL10 Protect Against Aneurysm Formation and Rupture Circulation, January 27, 2009; 119(3): 426 - 435. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Aprahamian, R. G. Bonegio, C. Richez, K. Yasuda, L.-K. Chiang, K. Sato, K. Walsh, and I. R. Rifkin The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {gamma} Agonist Rosiglitazone Ameliorates Murine Lupus by Induction of Adiponectin J. Immunol., January 1, 2009; 182(1): 340 - 346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Wong, S. A. Krawczyk, C. Kitidis-Mitrokostas, G. Ge, E. Spooner, C. Hug, R. Gimeno, and H. F. Lodish Identification and characterization of CTRP9, a novel secreted glycoprotein, from adipose tissue that reduces serum glucose in mice and forms heterotrimers with adiponectin FASEB J, January 1, 2009; 23(1): 241 - 258. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Fan, Z. Tang, and N. Wang Overexpression of Adiponectin Receptors Potentiates the Antiinflammatory Action of Subeffective Dose of Globular Adiponectin in Vascular Endothelial Cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2009; 29(1): 67 - 74. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-H. Park, H. Huang, M. R. McMullen, P. Mandal, L. Sun, and L. E. Nagy Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Production by Adiponectin Is Mediated by Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Mechanisms J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2008; 283(40): 26850 - 26858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Sood, X Cui, C Qualls, W S Beckett, M D Gross, M W Steffes, L J Smith, and D R Jacobs Jr Association between asthma and serum adiponectin concentration in women Thorax, October 1, 2008; 63(10): 877 - 882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Doran, N. Meller, A. Cutchins, H. Deliri, R. P. Slayton, S. N. Oldham, J. B. Kim, S. R. Keller, and C. A. McNamara The Helix-Loop-Helix Factors Id3 and E47 Are Novel Regulators of Adiponectin Circ. Res., September 12, 2008; 103(6): 624 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Teoh, A. Quan, K. W. A. Bang, G. Wang, F. Lovren, V. Vu, J. J. Haitsma, P. E. Szmitko, M. Al-Omran, C.-H. Wang, et al. Adiponectin deficiency promotes endothelial activation and profoundly exacerbates sepsis-related mortality Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2008; 295(3): E658 - E664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Qiao, C. Zou, D. R. van der Westhuyzen, and J. Shao Adiponectin Reduces Plasma Triglyceride by Increasing VLDL Triglyceride Catabolism Diabetes, July 1, 2008; 57(7): 1824 - 1833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ishigaki, H. Katagiri, J. Gao, T. Yamada, J. Imai, K. Uno, Y. Hasegawa, K. Kaneko, T. Ogihara, H. Ishihara, et al. Impact of Plasma Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Removal on Atherosclerosis Circulation, July 1, 2008; 118(1): 75 - 83. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Natal, P. Restituto, C. Inigo, I. Colina, J. Diez, and N. Varo The Proinflammatory Mediator CD40 Ligand Is Increased in the Metabolic Syndrome and Modulated by Adiponectin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2008; 93(6): 2319 - 2327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P.-h. Park, H. Huang, M. R. McMullen, K. Bryan, and L. E. Nagy Activation of cyclic-AMP response element binding protein contributes to adiponectin-stimulated interleukin-10 expression in raw 264.7 macrophages J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2008; 83(5): 1258 - 1266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-Q. Xu, K. Mahadev, X. Wu, L. Fuchsel, S. Donnelly, R. G. Scalia, and B. J. Goldstein Adiponectin Protects Against Angiotensin II or Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}-Induced Endothelial Cell Monolayer Hyperpermeability: Role of cAMP/PKA Signaling Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, May 1, 2008; 28(5): 899 - 905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Chandrasekar, D. N. Patel, S. Mummidi, J.-w. Kim, R. A. Clark, and A. J. Valente Interleukin-18 Suppresses Adiponectin Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via a Novel Signal Transduction Pathway Involving ERK1/2-dependent NFATc4 Phosphorylation J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2008; 283(7): 4200 - 4209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. L Madsen, A. Rissanen, J. M Bruun, K. Skogstrand, S. Tonstad, D. M Hougaard, and B. Richelsen Weight loss larger than 10% is needed for general improvement of levels of circulating adiponectin and markers of inflammation in obese subjects: a 3-year weight loss study Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 158(2): 179 - 187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. C. Cave, R. T. Hurt, T. H. Frazier, P. J. Matheson, R. N. Garrison, C. J. McClain, and S. A. McClave Obesity, Inflammation, and the Potential Application of Pharmaconutrition Nutr Clin Pract, February 1, 2008; 23(1): 16 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Okamoto, E. J. Folco, M. Minami, A.K. Wara, M. W. Feinberg, G. K. Sukhova, R. A. Colvin, S. Kihara, T. Funahashi, A. D. Luster, et al. Adiponectin Inhibits the Production of CXC Receptor 3 Chemokine Ligands in Macrophages and Reduces T-Lymphocyte Recruitment in Atherogenesis Circ. Res., February 1, 2008; 102(2): 218 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Nishimura, Y. Izumiya, A. Higuchi, R. Shibata, J. Qiu, C. Kudo, H. K. Shin, M. A. Moskowitz, and N. Ouchi Adiponectin Prevents Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase-Dependent Mechanisms Circulation, January 15, 2008; 117(2): 216 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. F. Bodary Links Between Adipose Tissue and Thrombosis in the Mouse Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, November 1, 2007; 27(11): 2284 - 2291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Galler, G. Gelbrich, J. Kratzsch, N. Noack, T. Kapellen, and W. Kiess Elevated serum levels of adiponectin in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes and the impact of age, gender, body mass index and metabolic control: a longitudinal study Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2007; 157(4): 481 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Barb, C. J Williams, A. K Neuwirth, and C. S Mantzoros Adiponectin in relation to malignancies: a review of existing basic research and clinical evidence Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2007; 86(3): 858S - 866S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Fesus, G. Dubrovska, K. Gorzelniak, R. Kluge, Y. Huang, F. C. Luft, and M. Gollasch Adiponectin is a novel humoral vasodilator Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2007; 75(4): 719 - 727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. E Schutte, H. W Huisman, R. Schutte, L. Malan, J. M van Rooyen, N. T Malan, and P. E H Schwarz Differences and similarities regarding adiponectin investigated in African and Caucasian women Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2007; 157(2): 181 - 188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Aoki, S. Jin-no, Y. Nakagawa, N. Asai, E. Arakawa, N. Tamura, T. Tamura, and T. Matsuda Identification and Characterization of Microvesicles Secreted by 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Redox- and Hormone-Dependent Induction of Milk Fat Globule-Epidermal Growth Factor 8-Associated Microvesicles Endocrinology, August 1, 2007; 148(8): 3850 - 3862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-h. Park, M. R. McMullen, H. Huang, V. Thakur, and L. E. Nagy Short-term Treatment of RAW264.7 Macrophages with Adiponectin Increases Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} (TNF-{alpha}) Expression via ERK1/2 Activation and Egr-1 Expression: ROLE OF TNF-{alpha} IN ADIPONECTIN-STIMULATED INTERLEUKIN-10 PRODUCTION J. Biol. Chem., July 27, 2007; 282(30): 21695 - 21703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Katagiri, T. Yamada, and Y. Oka Adiposity and Cardiovascular Disorders: Disturbance of the Regulatory System Consisting of Humoral and Neuronal Signals Circ. Res., July 6, 2007; 101(1): 27 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Otabe, X. Yuan, T. Fukutani, N. Wada, T. Hashinaga, H. Nakayama, N. Hirota, M. Kojima, and K. Yamada Overexpression of human adiponectin in transgenic mice results in suppression of fat accumulation and prevention of premature death by high-calorie diet Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2007; 293(1): E210 - E218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ribatti, M. T. Conconi, and G. G. Nussdorfer Nonclassic Endogenous Novel Regulators of Angiogenesis Pharmacol. Rev., June 1, 2007; 59(2): 185 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Y. Bang, J. L. Saver, B. Ovbiagele, Y. J. Choi, S. R. Yoon, and K. H. Lee Adiponectin levels in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis Neurology, May 29, 2007; 68(22): 1931 - 1937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. V. Wang, T. D. Schraw, J.-Y. Kim, T. Khan, M. W. Rajala, A. Follenzi, and P. E. Scherer Secretion of the Adipocyte-Specific Secretory Protein Adiponectin Critically Depends on Thiol-Mediated Protein Retention Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2007; 27(10): 3716 - 3731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Menzaghi, V. Trischitta, and A. Doria Genetic Influences of Adiponectin on Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes, May 1, 2007; 56(5): 1198 - 1209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Jaumdally, C. Varma, R. J. Macfadyen, and G. Y.H. Lip Coronary sinus blood sampling: an insight into local cardiac pathophysiology and treatment? Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2007; 28(8): 929 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-J. Li, H.-W. Sun, F.-L. Zhu, L. Chen, Y.-Y. Rong, Y. Zhang, and M. Zhang Local adiponectin treatment reduces atherosclerotic plaque size in rabbits J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 193(1): 137 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Hosogai, A. Fukuhara, K. Oshima, Y. Miyata, S. Tanaka, K. Segawa, S. Furukawa, Y. Tochino, R. Komuro, M. Matsuda, et al. Adipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity and Its Impact on Adipocytokine Dysregulation Diabetes, April 1, 2007; 56(4): 901 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nakano, Y. Inada, H. Masuzaki, T. Tanaka, S. Yasue, T. Ishii, N. Arai, K. Ebihara, K. Hosoda, K. Maruyama, et al. Bezafibrate regulates the expression and enzyme activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in murine adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2007; 292(4): E1213 - E1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. E. Szmitko, H. Teoh, D. J. Stewart, and S. Verma Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease: state of the art? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): H1655 - H1663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Hopkins, N. Ouchi, R. Shibata, and K. Walsh Adiponectin actions in the cardiovascular system Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2007; 74(1): 11 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Trujillo and P. E. Scherer Adipose Tissue-Derived Factors: Impact on Health and Disease Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2006; 27(7): 762 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. A. Uchida, Y. Nakamura, M. Kaihara, H. Norii, Y. Hanayama, H. Sugiyama, Y. Maeshima, Y. Yamasaki, and H. Makino Steroid pulse therapy impaired endothelial function while increasing plasma high molecule adiponectin concentration in patients with IgA nephropathy Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2006; 21(12): 3475 - 3480. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kawai, T. Ito, K. Ohwada, Y. Mera, M. Matsushita, and H. Tomoike Hereditary Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemic Rabbit Exhibits Insulin Resistance and Central Obesity: A Novel Model of Metabolic Syndrome Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, December 1, 2006; 26(12): 2752 - 2757. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Takano, Y. Kodama, Y. Kitta, T. Nakamura, J.-e. Obata, A. Mende, K.-i. Kawabata, Y. Saitoh, D. Fujioka, T. Kobayashi, et al. Transcardiac adiponectin gradient is independently related to endothelial vasomotor function in large and resistance coronary arteries in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): H2641 - H2646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Pilz, H. Mangge, B. Wellnitz, U. Seelhorst, B. R. Winkelmann, B. Tiran, B. O. Boehm, and W. Marz Adiponectin and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4277 - 4286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Soccio, Y.-Y. Zhang, S. Bacci, W. Mlynarski, G. Placha, G. Raggio, R. Di Paola, A. Marucci, M. T. Johnstone, E. V. Gervino, et al. Common Haplotypes at the Adiponectin Receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) Locus Are Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, October 1, 2006; 55(10): 2763 - 2770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J George, S Patal, D Wexler, Y Sharabi, E Peleg, Y Kamari, E Grossman, D Sheps, G Keren, and A Roth Circulating adiponectin concentrations in patients with congestive heart failure Heart, October 1, 2006; 92(10): 1420 - 1424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Otsuka, S. Sugiyama, S. Kojima, H. Maruyoshi, T. Funahashi, K. Matsui, T. Sakamoto, M. Yoshimura, K. Kimura, S. Umemura, et al. Plasma Adiponectin Levels Are Associated With Coronary Lesion Complexity in Men With Coronary Artery Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 19, 2006; 48(6): 1155 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Yoon, G. Y. Lee, J.-J. Chung, Y. H. Ahn, S. H. Hong, and J. B. Kim Adiponectin Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Sequential Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {alpha} Diabetes, September 1, 2006; 55(9): 2562 - 2570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, K. S. L. Lam, L. Chan, K. W. Chan, J. B. B. Lam, M. C. Lam, R. C. L. Hoo, W. W. N. Mak, G. J. S. Cooper, and A. Xu Post-translational Modifications of the Four Conserved Lysine Residues within the Collagenous Domain of Adiponectin Are Required for the Formation of Its High Molecular Weight Oligomeric Complex J. Biol. Chem., June 16, 2006; 281(24): 16391 - 16400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ouedraogo, X. Wu, S.-Q. Xu, L. Fuchsel, H. Motoshima, K. Mahadev, K. Hough, R. Scalia, and B. J. Goldstein Adiponectin Suppression of High-Glucose-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Endothelial Cells: Evidence for Involvement of a cAMP Signaling Pathway Diabetes, June 1, 2006; 55(6): 1840 - 1846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ghazalpour, X. Wang, A. J. Lusis, and M. Mehrabian Complex Inheritance of the 5-Lipoxygenase Locus Influencing Atherosclerosis in Mice Genetics, June 1, 2006; 173(2): 943 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Thakur, M. T. Pritchard, M. R. McMullen, and L. E. Nagy Adiponectin normalizes LPS-stimulated TNF-{alpha} production by rat Kupffer cells after chronic ethanol feeding Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): G998 - G1007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-a Kim, M. Montagnani, K. K. Koh, and M. J. Quon Reciprocal Relationships Between Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms Circulation, April 18, 2006; 113(15): 1888 - 1904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tedgui and Z. Mallat Cytokines in Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic and Regulatory Pathways Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 515 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Neumeier, J. Weigert, A. Schaffler, G. Wehrwein, U. Muller-Ladner, J. Scholmerich, C. Wrede, and C. Buechler Different effects of adiponectin isoforms in human monocytic cells J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2006; 79(4): 803 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kowalska, M. Straczkowski, A. Nikolajuk, A. Krukowska, I. Kinalska, and M. Gorska Plasma adiponectin concentration and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} system activity in lean non-diabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 319 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S Greenberg and M. S Obin Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 461S - 465S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Furuya, M. Odamaki, H. Kumagai, and A. Hishida Beneficial effects of icodextrin on plasma level of adipocytokines in peritoneal dialysis patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 494 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Hattori, K. Akimoto, T. Nishikimi, H. Matsuoka, and K. Kasai Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Enhances Angiotensin II-Induced Proliferation in Cardiac Fibroblasts Hypertension, February 1, 2006; 47(2): 265 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Schalkwijk, N. Chaturvedi, M. T. Schram, J. H. Fuller, C. D. A. Stehouwer, and the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study Group Adiponectin Is Inversely Associated with Renal Function in Type 1 Diabetic Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2006; 91(1): 129 - 135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kato, H. Kashiwagi, M. Shiraga, S. Tadokoro, T. Kamae, H. Ujiie, S. Honda, S. Miyata, Y. Ijiri, J. Yamamoto, et al. Adiponectin Acts as an Endogenous Antithrombotic Factor Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2006; 26(1): 224 - 230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Iglseder, V. Mackevics, A. Stadlmayer, G. Tasch, G. Ladurner, and B. Paulweber Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Sonographic Phenotypes of Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Data From the SAPHIR Study Stroke, December 1, 2005; 36(12): 2577 - 2582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Kistorp, J. Faber, S. Galatius, F. Gustafsson, J. Frystyk, A. Flyvbjerg, and P. Hildebrandt Plasma Adiponectin, Body Mass Index, and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Circulation, September 20, 2005; 112(12): 1756 - 1762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. W Peake, A. D Kriketos, L. V Campbell, Y. Shen, and J. A Charlesworth The metabolism of isoforms of human adiponectin: studies in human subjects and in experimental animals Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2005; 153(3): 409 - 417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Singhal, N. Jamieson, M. Fewtrell, J. Deanfield, A. Lucas, and N. Sattar Adiponectin Predicts Insulin Resistance But Not Endothelial Function in Young, Healthy Adolescents J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4615 - 4621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Mantzoros, T. Li, J. E. Manson, J. B. Meigs, and F. B. Hu Circulating Adiponectin Levels Are Associated with Better Glycemic Control, More Favorable Lipid Profile, and Reduced Inflammation in Women with Type 2 Diabetes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4542 - 4548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Park, H. K. Rho, K. H. Kim, S. S. Choe, Y. S. Lee, and J. B. Kim Overexpression of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is Associated with Lipid Dysregulation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity Mol. Cell. Biol., June 15, 2005; 25(12): 5146 - 5157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K Yamamoto, T Kiyohara, Y Murayama, S Kihara, Y Okamoto, T Funahashi, T Ito, R Nezu, S Tsutsui, J-I Miyagawa, et al. Production of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory protein, in mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease Gut, June 1, 2005; 54(6): 789 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. H. Berg and P. E. Scherer Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease Circ. Res., May 13, 2005; 96(9): 939 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Xu, K. W. Chan, R. L. C. Hoo, Y. Wang, K. C. B. Tan, J. Zhang, B. Chen, M. C. Lam, C. Tse, G. J. S. Cooper, et al. Testosterone Selectively Reduces the High Molecular Weight Form of Adiponectin by Inhibiting Its Secretion from Adipocytes J. Biol. Chem., May 6, 2005; 280(18): 18073 - 18080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang, K. S. L. Lam, J. Y. Xu, G. Lu, L. Y. Xu, G. J. S. Cooper, and A. Xu Adiponectin Inhibits Cell Proliferation by Interacting with Several Growth Factors in an Oligomerization-dependent Manner J. Biol. Chem., May 6, 2005; 280(18): 18341 - 18347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kadowaki and T. Yamauchi Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2005; 26(3): 439 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Satoh, M.T. A. Nguyen, M. Trujillo, T. Imamura, I. Usui, P. E. Scherer, and J. M. Olefsky Adenovirus-Mediated Adiponectin Expression Augments Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Male Wistar Rats Diabetes, May 1, 2005; 54(5): 1304 - 1313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. C. W. Lau, B. Dhillon, H. Yan, P. E. Szmitko, and S. Verma Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): H2031 - H2041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Housova, K. Anderlova, J. Krizova, D. Haluzikova, J. Kremen, T. Kumstyrova, H. Papezova, and M. Haluzik Serum Adiponectin and Resistin Concentrations in Patients with Restrictive and Binge/Purge Form of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1366 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Yilmaz, A. Sonmez, S. Kilic, T. Celik, N. Bingol, M. Pinar, T. Mumcuoglu, and M. Ozata The association of plasma adiponectin levels with hypertensive retinopathy Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2005; 152(2): 233 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Waki, T. Yamauchi, J. Kamon, S. Kita, Y. Ito, Y. Hada, S. Uchida, A. Tsuchida, S. Takekawa, and T. Kadowaki Generation of Globular Fragment of Adiponectin by Leukocyte Elastase Secreted by Monocytic Cell Line THP-1 Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 790 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ishikawa, J. Kitayama, S. Kazama, T. Hiramatsu, K. Hatano, and H. Nagawa Plasma Adiponectin and Gastric Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2005; 11(2): 466 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. K. Shetty, P. A. Economides, E. S. Horton, C. S. Mantzoros, and A. Veves Circulating Adiponectin and Resistin Levels in Relation to Metabolic Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Vascular Reactivity in Diabetic Patients and Subjects at Risk for Diabetes Diabetes Care, October 1, 2004; 27(10): 2450 - 2457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Furuhashi, N. Ura, N. Moniwa, Y. Shinshi, H. Kouzu, M. Nishihara, N. Kokubu, T. Takahashi, K.-i. Sakamoto, M. Hayashi, et al. Possible Impairment of Transcardiac Utilization of Adiponectin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, September 1, 2004; 27(9): 2217 - 2221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Nagata, R. Takeda, M. Sata, H. Satonaka, E. Suzuki, T. Nagano, and Y. Hirata AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibits Angiotensin II-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Circulation, July 27, 2004; 110(4): 444 - 451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. W. Wong, J. Wang, C. Hug, T.-S. Tsao, and H. F. Lodish A family of Acrp30/adiponectin structural and functional paralogs PNAS, July 13, 2004; 101(28): 10302 - 10307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Shibata, N. Ouchi, S. Kihara, K. Sato, T. Funahashi, and K. Walsh Adiponectin Stimulates Angiogenesis in Response to Tissue Ischemia through Stimulation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase Signaling J. Biol. Chem., July 2, 2004; 279(27): 28670 - 28674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Sharma Is There a Rationale for Angiotensin Blockade in the Management of Obesity Hypertension? Hypertension, July 1, 2004; 44(1): 12 - 19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Klein, L. Fontana, V. L. Young, A. R. Coggan, C. Kilo, B. W. Patterson, and B. S. Mohammed Absence of an Effect of Liposuction on Insulin Action and Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease N. Engl. J. Med., June 17, 2004; 350(25): 2549 - 2557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Epstein, E. Stabile, T. Kinnaird, C. W. Lee, L. Clavijo, and M. S. Burnett Janus Phenomenon: The Interrelated Tradeoffs Inherent in Therapies Designed to Enhance Collateral Formation and Those Designed to Inhibit Atherogenesis Circulation, June 15, 2004; 109(23): 2826 - 2831. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Goldstein and R. Scalia Adiponectin: A Novel Adipokine Linking Adipocytes and Vascular Function J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2563 - 2568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Xydakis, C. C. Case, P. H. Jones, R. C. Hoogeveen, M.-Y. Liu, E. O. Smith, K. W. Nelson, and C. M. Ballantyne Adiponectin, Inflammation, and the Expression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Individuals: The Impact of Rapid Weight Loss through Caloric Restriction J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2004; 89(6): 2697 - 2703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Seo, H. M. Moon, M. J. Noh, Y. S. Lee, H. W. Jeong, E. J. Yoo, W. S. Kim, J. Park, B.-S. Youn, J. W. Kim, et al. Adipocyte Determination- and Differentiation-dependent Factor 1/Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein 1c Regulates Mouse Adiponectin Expression J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 2004; 279(21): 22108 - 22117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kumada, S. Kihara, N. Ouchi, H. Kobayashi, Y. Okamoto, K. Ohashi, K. Maeda, H. Nagaretani, K. Kishida, N. Maeda, et al. Adiponectin Specifically Increased Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Through Interleukin-10 Expression in Human Macrophages Circulation, May 4, 2004; 109(17): 2046 - 2049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Komatsu, H. Ohfusa, Y. Sato, H. Yajima, K. Yamauchi, T. Aizawa, and K. Hashizume Strong Inverse Correlation Between Serum Adiponectin Level and Heart Rate-Corrected QT Interval in an Apparently Healthy Population: A suggestion for a direct antiatherogenic effect of adiponectin Diabetes Care, May 1, 2004; 27(5): 1237 - 1238. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Pischon, C. J. Girman, G. S. Hotamisligil, N. Rifai, F. B. Hu, and E. B. Rimm Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Men JAMA, April 14, 2004; 291(14): 1730 - 1737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||