(Circulation. 2000;102:1788.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Clinical Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures
A Comparative Simultaneous Doppler-Catheterization Study
From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (C.P.A.). Correspondence to Steve R. Ommen, MD, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
 |
Abstract |
|---|
 Top Abstract IntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Background—Noninvasive assessment of diastolic filling by Doppler echocardiography provides important information about left ventricular (LV) status in selected subsets of patients. This study was designed to assess whether mitral annular velocities as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging are associated with invasive measures of diastolic LV performance and whether additional information is gained over traditional Doppler variables.
Methods and Results—One hundred consecutive patients referred for cardiac catheterization underwent simultaneous Doppler interrogation. Invasive measurements of LV pressures were obtained with micromanometer-tipped catheters, and the mean LV diastolic pressure (M-LVDP) was used as a surrogate for mean left atrial pressure. Doppler signals from the mitral inflow, pulmonary venous inflow, and TDI of the mitral annulus were obtained. Isolated parameters of transmitral flow correlated with M-LVDP only when ejection fraction <50%. The ratio of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/E') showed a better correlation with M-LVDP than did other Doppler variables for all levels of systolic function. E/E' <8 accurately predicted normal M-LVDP, and E/E' >15 identified increased M-LVDP. Wide variability was present in those with E/E' of 8 to 15. A subset of those patients with E/E' 8 to 15 could be further defined by use of other Doppler data.
Conclusions—The combination of tissue Doppler imaging of the mitral annulus and mitral inflow velocity curves provides better estimates of LV filling pressures than other methods (pulmonary vein, preload reduction). However, accurate prediction of filling pressures for an individual patient requires a stepwise approach incorporating all available data.
Key Words: diastole • echocardiography • pressure
|
Introduction |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Diastolic dysfunction is common in cardiac disease and contributes to the signs and symptoms of heart failure. Doppler echocardiography is widely used for the noninvasive assessment of diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV).1 Analysis of the mitral inflow velocity curve has provided useful information for determination of filling pressures and prediction of prognosis in selected patients. However, mitral flow is dependent on multiple interrelated factors, including the rate and extent of ventricular relaxation, suction, atrial and ventricular compliance, mitral valve inertance, and left atrial pressure.1 2 These factors may have confounding effects on the mitral inflow; thus, it has not been possible to determine diastolic function from the mitral flow velocity curves in many subsets of patients.3 4
To overcome these limitations of the mitral inflow parameters, combinations of the mitral flow velocity curves with other Doppler parameters have been used. These include the pulmonary venous velocity curves,5 6 7 8 9 10 color M-mode,11 12 and the response of the mitral inflow to altered loading conditions.13 14 Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of mitral annular motion has been proposed to correct for the influence of myocardial relaxation on transmitral flows. This has been shown to be an excellent predictor of diastolic filling in subsets of patients.15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
The purpose of this study was to evaluate critically the usefulness and limitations of TDI for the evaluation of diastolic filling with direct simultaneous high-fidelity measurement of LV pressure. Additionally, we sought to compare the results of TDI with other techniques currently available for the assessment of diastolic function.
|
Methods |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Invasive Measurements
One hundred consecutive patients in sinus rhythm referred for clinically indicated left heart catheterization made up the study group. High-fidelity, micromanometer-tipped catheters were placed in the LV chamber and calibrated as previously described.23 Rapid-acquisition (5-ms intervals) digital records were obtained. Measurements were taken from 3 to 5 end-expiratory cycles. The mean LV diastolic pressure (M-LVDP), measured from the time of mitral valve opening to mitral valve closure, is a better surrogate of mean left atrial pressure than the pre–A-wave pressure and can be measured from the digitized pressure tracings as previously described.24 An elevated LV filling pressure was defined a priori as M-LVDP >12 mm Hg.25 26 The time constant of relaxation (
) was calculated by use of a zero
asymptote method as described by Weiss et
al.27 Ejection fraction (EF) was visually estimated with 2-dimensional echocardiography, as is done routinely in our laboratory. To validate this commonly used measure of systolic function, 55 patients also had quantitative measurement with biplanar Simpson’s rule from the apical 2- and 4-chamber views.28 The correlation coefficient between the 2 methods was r=0.91. The visually estimated EF is used in the remainder of this article.
Conventional Doppler Measurements
Doppler echocardiography was performed
simultaneously with the invasive recordings with an
Acuson 128XP/10. A single investigator (S.R.O.), who had performed
Doppler echocardiography for >2 years and had
achieved level 3 training in echocardiography,
performed all Doppler recordings. Mitral inflow and
pulmonary venous curves were recorded as previously
described.4 The peak Doppler velocities of early (E)
and late diastolic flow (A), the deceleration time (DT),
the E/A ratio, and the duration of the late diastolic flow
(a-dur) were measured (Figure 1
).
|
Pulmonary vein systolic (PVs), diastolic
(PVd), and atrial reversal (PVa), as well as the duration of flow at
atrial contraction (a-dur), were recorded (Figure 1
). The
difference between the pulmonary a-dur and mitral a-dur
(PVa-MVa) was calculated. There was a strong correlation between the
PVs/PVd velocity ratio and the systolic filling fraction
(r=0.71) and a similar association with M-LVDP in 20
randomly selected patients. The PVs/PVd ratio is used as a surrogate
for the pulmonary venous systolic filling fraction.
The mitral inflow pattern was also recorded during the strain phase
of the Valsalva maneuver with real-time 2-dimensional
echocardiography to ensure that the placement of
the sample volume and angle of interrogation were unchanged with
respect to the baseline measurements.14 Patients were
required to forcefully exhale into an analog manometer to achieve an
intrathoracic pressure of 
30 mm Hg. Patients unable to achieve
this level did not have their signals analyzed. Because of the
relative tachycardia seen during the Valsalva maneuver,
slight fusion of the mitral E and A waves can occur. In those
instances, the late diastolic velocity was determined by
subtracting the velocity at the fusion point (E at A) from the measured
A velocity (Figure 1).14
Tissue Doppler Measurements
TDI of the mitral annulus was obtained from the apical 4-chamber
view. A 1.5-mm sample volume was placed sequentially at the lateral and
medial mitral annulus. Analysis (Figure 1) was performed
for the early (E') and late diastolic velocity (A'): peak
velocity (E', A'), time to peak velocity (E'at, A'at), DT (E'DT, A'DT),
and duration of velocity profile (E'dur, A'dur). These
variables were analyzed individually, as the average of the
medial and lateral annulus, and as the maximum of the medial and
lateral annulus.
All Doppler signals were recorded with a chart recorder set at 100 mm/s. The average of 3 end-expiratory cycles was used.
Data are presented as mean±SD. Linear regression was used to assess whether the Doppler variables were associated with the invasive variables. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for the individual Doppler variables for the prediction of M-LVDP >12 mm Hg. Comparisons between patient groups were assessed with t tests. Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.
|
Results |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
Baseline Characteristics
The baseline characteristics are presented in Table 1
. The patients were 63.3 years
old, and 61% were men. Seventy-three patients were referred for
evaluation of angina (11 of whom had no epicardial coronary
artery disease [CAD]); the remainder were referred for symptoms of
congestive heart failure. Of the latter group, 6 had LV dysfunction on
the basis of CAD. No patients studied were having an acute
coronary syndrome. Thirty-six patients had EF <50%.
|
Technical Success Rate of Obtaining Doppler Signals
Mitral inflow and TDI signals were recorded in all patients.
The mitral signal was fused in 6 patients (94% available for
analysis), and the TDI signal was fused in 3 (97% available).
Twenty TDI signals were remeasured by a second observer; the mean
difference in velocity between the 2 observers was 0.001±0.002 m/s
(P=NS).
Pulmonary venous signals were adequate in 73%, whereas 61% had adequate Valsalva recordings. The Valsalva recordings were felt to be inadequate in 10 patients (10%) because of poor effort, in 20 patients because of fusion of the signal, and in the remainder because of inadequate or loss of signal during the strain phase of the maneuver.
Conventional Doppler Parameters and Correlation
With M-LVDP
The correlations of M-LVDP with Doppler variables are
shown in Table 2. Among patients with EF
<50%, there was a significant correlation between DT and M-LVDP
(r=0.60) but not in those with EF >50%
(r=0.17). Likewise, the E/A ratio was better correlated with
M-LVDP when EF was <50% (r=0.46) than when EF was >50%
(r=0.28).
|
Tissue Doppler Correlation With Invasive Parameters
The correlations with the medial annulus TDI were
consistently equivalent or better than the lateral annulus or
the combinations of the medial and lateral annulus (Table 2).
The ROC curves for prediction of elevated M-LVDP from the E/E' ratios
are shown in Figure 2. The areas under
the curves were 0.82 and 0.75 for the medial and lateral annulus,
respectively. The medial annulus signals were obtained in a higher
proportion of patients and thus are used in the remainder of this
article. None of the TDI intervals (durations, acceleration times, and
DTs) showed a strong relationship to LV filling pressures (Table 2).
|
There was a correlation between the time constant of relaxation and E'
(r=0.46), but scatter was present (Figure 3). The correlation was worse in patients
with normal (r=0.28) versus abnormal (r=0.42)
systolic function. The best TDI parameter
correlating with M-LVDP was the E/E' ratio (r=0.64). This
correlation was better in patients with EF <50% (r=0.60)
than in those with EF >50%(r=0.47). The medial E/E' ratio
performed as well when the analysis was confined to those
patients with documented CAD (medial r=0.65, lateral
r=0.54).
|
Indicates patients with EF
<50%; •, patients with EF >50%.
Comparison of Doppler Methods
The Doppler variables were tested to determine the
accuracy of each variable in identifying M-LVDP >12 mm Hg on
the basis of previously published criteria. The prediction of elevated
M-LVDP was based on mitral E/A >2,29 30 DT <130
ms,29 a decrease in E/A with the Valsalva maneuver of
0.5,14 PVd>PVs, PVa duration 30 ms longer than
MVa-dur,9 or E/E' >10.18 The percentage of
patients correctly identified by each variable is shown in Figure 4. The E/E' ratio had the highest
predictive accuracy when all patients were analyzed (71%) or
when only those patients with interpretable signals (76%) were
considered. The ROC curves for all measured Doppler
parameters are shown in Figure 5. The largest area was 0.82 for E/E'
compared with 0.75 for E/A ratio, 0.68 for DT, 0.77 for the Valsalva
maneuver, and 0.67 for PVa-MVa.
|
|
The ROC analysis was repeated with M-LVDP >15 mm Hg used as the definition of elevated filling pressure. The areas under the respective ROC curves were 0.81 (septal E/E'), 0.80 (Valsalva maneuver), 0.78 (E/A ratio), 0.76 (DT), and 0.67 (PVa-MVa). As with the cutoff value of M-LVDP >12 mm Hg, the septal E/E' had the best ROC curve and was the most readily obtained. E/E' >15 had 86% specificity (64% positive predictive value) for M-LVDP >15 mm Hg (97% negative predictive value for E/E' <8).
Clinical Application of Doppler Methods for Determining LV
Filling Pressure
The E/E' ratio was the single best parameter for
predicting M-LVDP and was obtained most readily. With use of the ROC
curve, patients were divided into 3 groups. Of the 27 patients with
E/E' <8, normal M-LVDP was found in 23 (85%). All patients with E/E'
>15 had elevated M-LVDP. This scheme remains accurate whether patients
with preserved or reduced systolic function are assessed
(Figure 6).
|
Fifty-one patients had indeterminate M-LVDP (8<E/E'<15). Figure 7 displays the incremental utility of the
conventional Doppler data in this group. Patients with Valsalva
maneuver (change in E/A >0.5) and/or PVa-MVa >30 ms tended to be
those with the highest filling pressures. There was no incremental
benefit of using the conventional Doppler variables (Valsalva
mitral inflow pattern or pulmonary vein velocities) among
patients with E/E' <8 or >15.
|
, patients with PVa 30
ms > MVa; 
, patients with positive Valsalva maneuver; and X,
>1 positive variable. |
Discussion |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
The noninvasive assessment of LV filling pressures can be an important clinical tool. In diseased ventricles, progressive shortening of the transmitral DT and increasing E/A ratio can be seen with decreasing ventricular compliance and increasing left atrial pressure. Transmitral parameters have been shown to be useful in patients with LV systolic dysfunction.5 31 32 33 34 The present study confirms that DT and the E/A ratio correlate with LV filling pressure when EF <50%. However, healthy ventricles that maintain early diastolic suction forces may also manifest a relatively short DT and high E/A ratio. Thus, as shown in this study and others,3 35 transmitral parameters alone do not correlate with LV filling pressure in patients with preserved systolic function. Attempts to overcome this limitation have involved altering the loading conditions during the Doppler assessment or combining the transmitral variables with pulmonary venous signals.7 8 9 10 13 14
TDI of the mitral annulus during diastole has been proposed as a new method for assessment cardiac function. With systolic contraction, there is long-axis shortening of the LV manifest by mitral annular descent toward a relatively fixed apex. In patients in sinus rhythm, the annulus ascends in 2 phases. Pulsed-wave TDI provides the velocity profile of these movements. The velocity of the earliest diastolic motion may reflect the rate of myocardial relaxation, and these velocities may not be as dependent on pressure gradients as is blood flow.15 22 TDI has been applied to several subsets of patients to show a correlation with systolic and diastolic cardiac function.16 17 22 36 37
Combining transmitral flow velocity with annular velocity (E/E') has
been proposed as a tool for assessing LV filling pressures that
combines the influence of transmitral driving pressure and myocardial
relaxation.18 19 20 In the present study, this combined
variable was the best single Doppler predictor of elevated
filling pressures. However, there remains significant scatter with
E/E', particularly with intermediate values of E/E'. The annular
velocity should not be viewed as a direct measure of myocardial
relaxation because the correlations between E' and that have been
reported here (r=0.46) and elsewhere22 are
modest at best. Nonuniformity of LV relaxation, particularly in
patients with CAD, may further confound the direct relationship between
the annular velocities and a global measurement of myocardial
relaxation.
TDI is easier to obtain and, in the present study, more accurate than other methods in determining LV filling pressures. Signals adequate for analysis during the Valsalva maneuver or from the pulmonary venous flow were obtained in 61% and 73%, respectively. By comparison, the tissue signals were obtained in 97%.
We would propose that the E/E' ratio be used as the initial measurement for estimation of LV filling pressures, particularly in those patients with preserved systolic function. Patients with E/E' >15 can be classified as having elevated filling pressure. An E/E' <8 suggests normal filling pressure. In the range of E/E' of 8 to 15, other information must be applied. With high-specificity cutoff points for A-wave duration (PVa 30 ms longer than MVa) and a change in mitral E/A ratio during the Valsalva maneuver (reduction >0.5), further characterization of the intermediate E/E' group is possible. Prior investigations also point out the importance of considering left atrial size in assessing filling pressures.30
Study Limitations
The motion of the mitral annulus is not entirely due to myocardial
contraction but rather is the summation of contraction, rotation, and
translation. The effects of each of these may vary from patient to
patient. The use of the apical transducer position to sample the mitral
annulus is an attempt to minimize the translational and rotational
effects and focus on long-axis excursions of the LV cavity. We have not
accounted for differences in the length of the long axis, which may
inherently be related to total annular plane displacement. Nor was any
adjustment made for regional wall motion abnormalities, although there
was clearly more data scatter in patients with known CAD. The septal
annulus appeared more sensitive to this heterogeneity,
although there was a strong correlation between the septal and lateral
annulus velocities.18 The effects of regional dysfunction
on the motion of the annular plane are not yet known, and we did not
examine the anterior or posterior annulus motion. Measurements of
the medial annulus demonstrated a better correlation with LV filling
pressures than did measurements of the lateral annulus or combinations
of the two.
We sought to examine an "unselected" group of patients who would be representative of a broader patient population. However, all patients were referred for clinically indicated left heart catheterization and as such represent a group of patients with a high prevalence of cardiac disease. The relatively low technical success of pulmonary venous flow and Valsalva maneuver may be explained in part by the fact that these patients were studied in the supine position in the catheterization laboratory. There were also stringent criteria for acceptance of adequate Valsalva maneuver, which limits the overall success of obtaining these signals. Using optimal patient positioning, more advanced echocardiographic equipment, and/or contrast enhancement may potentially increase the success of obtaining these signals. However, the percentage of these Doppler parameters that were adequate for analysis in this study may well represent the type of data obtained in most echocardiographic laboratories.
Conclusions
Overall, the E/E' ratio was the single best predictor of LV
filling pressure but did not have adequate discriminatory power to be
used in isolation. All available information, including
systolic function, chamber dimensions, and all Doppler
variables, must be considered in the analysis of individual
patients.
Received January 19, 2000; revision received May 5, 2000; accepted May 19, 2000.
|
References |
|---|
|
TopAbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionReferences |
|---|
1. Nishimura RA, Tajik AJ. Evaluation of diastolic filling of left ventricle in health and disease: Doppler echocardiography is the clinician’s Rosetta Stone. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:8–18.[Abstract]
2. Choong CY, Herrmann HC, Weyman AE, et al. Preload dependence of Doppler-derived indexes of left ventricular diastolic function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;10:800–808.[Abstract]
3. Yamamoto K, Nishimura RA, Chaliki HP, et al. Determination of left ventricular filling pressure by Doppler echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease: critical role of left ventricular systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1819–1826.[Abstract]
4. Oh JK, Appleton CP, Hatle LK, et al. The noninvasive assessment of left ventricular diastolic function with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1997;10:246–270.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
5. Brunazzi MC, Chirillo F, Pasqualini M, et al. Estimation of left ventricular diastolic pressures from precordial pulsed-Doppler analysis of pulmonary venous and mitral flow. Am Heart J. 1994;128:293–300.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
6.
Keren G, Sherez J, Megidish R, et al.
Pulmonary venous flow pattern: its relationship to cardiac
dynamics: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study.
Circulation. 1985;71:1105–1112.
7. Kuecherer HF, Kusumoto F, Muhiudeen IA, et al. Pulmonary venous flow patterns by transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography: relation to parameters of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Am Heart J. 1991;122:1683–1693.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
8.
Nishimura RA, Abel MD, Hatle LK, et al. Relation of
pulmonary vein to mitral flow velocities by
transesophageal Doppler
echocardiography: effect of different loading
conditions. Circulation. 1990;81:1488–1497.
9. Rossvoll O, Hatle LK. Pulmonary venous flow velocities recorded by transthoracic Doppler ultrasound: relation to left ventricular diastolic pressures [see comments]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:1687–1696.[Abstract]
10. Yamamoto K, Nishimura RA, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Assessment of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by Doppler echocardiography: contribution of duration of pulmonary venous versus mitral flow velocity curves at atrial contraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1997;10:52–59.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
11. Thomas JD, Garcia MJ, Greenberg NL. Application of color Doppler M-mode echocardiography in the assessment of ventricular diastolic function: potential for quantitative analysis. Heart Vessels. 1997;12(suppl):135–137.
12. Steen T, Rootwelt K, Risoe C, et al. A new color M-mode index of diastolic filling compared with radionuclide ventriculography. Int J Cardiol. 1995;48:89–95.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
13. Dumesnil JG, Gaudreault G, Honos GN, et al. Use of Valsalva maneuver to unmask left ventricular diastolic function abnormalities by Doppler echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease or systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1991;68:515–519.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
14. Hurrell DG, Nishimura RA, Ilstrup DM, et al. Utility of preload alteration in assessment of left ventricular filling pressure by Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:459–467.[Abstract]
15. Aranda JM Jr, Weston MW, Puleo JA, et al. Effect of loading conditions on myocardial relaxation velocities determined by Doppler tissue imaging in heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998;17:693–697.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
16. Garcia MJ, Rodriguez L, Ares M, et al. Myocardial wall velocity assessment by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging: characteristic findings in normal subjects. Am Heart J. 1996;132:648–656.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
17. Garcia MJ, Rodriguez L, Ares M, et al. Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy: assessment of left ventricular diastolic velocities in longitudinal axis by Doppler tissue imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:108–114.[Abstract]
18. Nagueh S, Middleton K, Koplen H, et al. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1527–1533.[Abstract]
19.
Nagueh SF, Mikati I, Kopelen HA, et al. Doppler
estimation of left ventricular filling pressure in sinus
tachycardia: a new application of tissue Doppler
imaging. Circulation. 1998;98:1644–1650.
20.
Nagueh SF, Lakkis NM, Middleton KJ, et al. Doppler
estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in
patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Circulation. 1999;99:254–261.
21. Nixdorff U, Rupprecht HJ, Mohr-Kahaly S, et al. Tissue Doppler echocardiography: a new method of evaluating perfusion-dependent myocardial function during PTCA. Int J Card Imaging. 1997;13:99–103.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
22. Sohn DW, Chai IH, Lee DJ, et al. Assessment of mitral annulus velocity by Doppler tissue imaging in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:474–480.[Abstract]
23.
Nishimura RA, Schwartz RS, Tajik AJ, et al.
Noninvasive measurement of rate of left ventricular
relaxation by Doppler echocardiography:
validation with simultaneous cardiac
catheterization. Circulation. 1993;88:146–155.
24. Yamamoto K, Nishimura RA, Redfield MM. Assessment of mean left atrial pressure from the left ventricular pressure tracing in patients with cardiomyopathies. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:107–110.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
25. Davidson CJ, Fishman RF, Bonow RO. Cardiac catheterization. In: Braunwald E, ed. Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1997:177–203.
26. Schlant RC, Sonnenblick EH, Katz AM. Normal physiology of the cardiovascular system. In: Alexander RW, Schlant RC, Fuster V, eds. Hurst’s The Heart. 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998:81–124.
27. Weiss JL, Frederiksen JW, Weisfeldt ML. Hemodynamic determinants of the time-course of fall in canine left ventricular pressure. J Clin Invest. 1976;58:751–760.
28.
Schiller NB, Acquatella H, Ports TA, et al. Left
ventricular volume from paired biplane two-dimensional
echocardiography. Circulation. 1979;60:547–555.
29. Giannuzzi P, Imparato A, Temporelli PL, et al. Doppler-derived mitral deceleration time of early filling as a strong predictor of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in postinfarction patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1630–1637.[Abstract]
30. Appleton CP, Galloway JM, Gonzalez MS, et al. Estimation of left ventricular filling pressures using two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in adult patients with cardiac disease: additional value of analyzing left atrial size, left atrial ejection fraction and the difference in duration of pulmonary venous and mitral flow velocity at atrial contraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:1972–1982.[Abstract]
31. Chenzbraun A, Keren A, Stern S. Doppler echocardiographic patterns of left ventricular filling in patients early after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1992;70:711–714.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
32. Eriksson SV, Bjorkander I, Held C, et al. Age and gender differences in left ventricular function among patients with stable angina and a matched control group: a report from the Angina Prognosis Study in Stockholm. Cardiology. 1996;87:287–293.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
33.
Rihal CS, Nishimura RA, Hatle LK, et al.
Systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with
clinical diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy:
relation to symptoms and prognosis. Circulation. 1994;90:2772–2779.
34.
Temporelli PL, Corra U, Imparato A, et al. Reversible
restrictive left ventricular diastolic filling
with optimized oral therapy predicts a more favorable prognosis in
patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:1591–1597.
35. Nishimura RA, Appleton CP, Redfield MM, et al. Noninvasive Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular filling pressures in patients with cardiomyopathies: a simultaneous Doppler echocardiographic and cardiac catheterization study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:1226–1233.[Abstract]
36. Bach DS. Quantitative Doppler tissue imaging as a correlate of left ventricular contractility. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging. 1996;12:191–195.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
37. Gulati VK, Katz WE, Follansbee WP, et al. Mitral annular descent velocity by tissue Doppler echocardiography as an index of global left ventricular function. Am J Cardiology. 1996;77:979–984.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  D. J. Holland, J. E. Sharman, R. L. Leano, and T. H. Marwick Gender differences in systolic tissue velocity: role of left ventricular length Eur J Echocardiogr, December 1, 2009; 10(8): 941 - 946. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S. Chahal, T. K. Lim, P. Jain, J. C. Chambers, J. S. Kooner, and R. Senior Normative reference values for the tissue Doppler imaging parameters of left ventricular function: a population-based study Eur J Echocardiogr, November 12, 2009; (2009) jep164v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. E. Sharman, J. Brown, D. J. Holland, G. Macdonald, K. Kostner, and T. H. Marwick Influence of Altered Blood Rheology on Ventricular-Vascular Response to Exercise Hypertension, November 1, 2009; 54(5): 1092 - 1098. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. G. Teo, H. Yang, P. Chai, and T. C. Yeo Impact of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on left atrial volume and function: a volumetric analysis Eur J Echocardiogr, October 13, 2009; (2009) jep153v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kusunose, H. Yamada, S. Nishio, N. Tomita, T. Niki, K. Yamaguchi, K. Koshiba, S. Yagi, Y. Taketani, T. Iwase, et al. Clinical Utility of Single-Beat E/e' Obtained by Simultaneous Recording of Flow and Tissue Doppler Velocities in Atrial Fibrillation With Preserved Systolic Function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., October 1, 2009; 2(10): 1147 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Popescu, C. C. Beladan, A. Calin, D. Muraru, D. Deleanu, M. Rosca, and C. Ginghina Left ventricular remodelling and torsional dynamics in dilated cardiomyopathy: reversed apical rotation as a marker of disease severity Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2009; 11(10): 945 - 951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Gul, A. S. Celebi, F. Kacmaz, O. C. Ozcan, I. Ustun, D. Berker, Y. Aydin, T. Delibasi, S. Guler, and A. O. Barazi Tissue Doppler imaging must be performed to detect early left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus Eur J Echocardiogr, October 1, 2009; 10(7): 841 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Madhavan, B A Borlaug, A Lerman, C S Rihal, and A Prasad Stress hormone and circulating biomarker profile of apical ballooning syndrome (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy): insights into the clinical significance of B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin levels Heart, September 1, 2009; 95(17): 1436 - 1441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. C. Little and J. K. Oh Echocardiographic Evaluation of Diastolic Function Can Be Used to Guide Clinical Care Circulation, September 1, 2009; 120(9): 802 - 809. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Tschope and W. J. Paulus Doppler Echocardiography Yields Dubious Estimates of Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressures Circulation, September 1, 2009; 120(9): 810 - 820. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. O. Ogunyankin Letter by Ogunyankin Regarding Article, "Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Intracardiac Filling Pressure in Decompensated Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure" Circulation, August 18, 2009; 120(7): e45 - e45. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Galderisi and R. Esposito Letter by Galderisi and Esposito Regarding Article, "Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Intracardiac Filling Pressure in Decompensated Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure" Circulation, August 18, 2009; 120(7): e46 - e46. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. T. Phan, K. Abozguia, G. Nallur Shivu, G. Mahadevan, I. Ahmed, L. Williams, G. Dwivedi, K. Patel, P. Steendijk, H. Ashrafian, et al. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is characterized by dynamic impairment of active relaxation and contraction of the left ventricle on exercise and associated with myocardial energy deficiency. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 28, 2009; 54(5): 402 - 409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. B. Shah, W. J. Kop, R. H. Christenson, D. B. Diercks, D. Kuo, S. Henderson, K. Hanson, S.-Y. Li, and C. R. deFilippi Natriuretic peptides and echocardiography in acute dyspnoea: implication of elevated levels with normal systolic function Eur J Heart Fail, July 1, 2009; 11(7): 659 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Y.-M. Wang, C. W.-K. Lam, M. Wang, I. H.-S. Chan, S.-F. Lui, Y. Zhang, and J. E. Sanderson Diagnostic potential of serum biomarkers for left ventricular abnormalities in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., June 1, 2009; 24(6): 1962 - 1969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. F. Tops, D. W. Den Uijl, V. Delgado, N. A. Marsan, K. Zeppenfeld, E. Holman, E. E. van der Wall, M. J. Schalij, and J. J. Bax Long-Term Improvement in Left Ventricular Strain After Successful Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, June 1, 2009; 2(3): 249 - 257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Rustad, B. H. Amundsen, S. A. Slordahl, and A. Stoylen Upright bicycle exercise echocardiography in patients with myocardial infarction shows lack of diastolic, but not systolic, reserve: a tissue Doppler study Eur J Echocardiogr, June 1, 2009; 10(4): 503 - 508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. L. Dini, F. Lattanzi, P. Fontanive, G. M. Rosa, and S. M. De Tommasi Value of tissue Doppler imaging for risk stratification of patients with chronic systolic heart failure with or without restrictive mitral flow Eur J Echocardiogr, June 1, 2009; 10(4): 562 - 566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Mogelvang, P. Sogaard, S. A. Pedersen, N. T. Olsen, J. L. Marott, P. Schnohr, J. P. Goetze, and J. S. Jensen Cardiac Dysfunction Assessed by Echocardiographic Tissue Doppler Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in the General Population Circulation, May 26, 2009; 119(20): 2679 - 2685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S.P. Lam, B. A. Borlaug, G. C. Kane, F. T. Enders, R. J. Rodeheffer, and M. M. Redfield Age-Associated Increases in Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in the General Population Circulation, May 26, 2009; 119(20): 2663 - 2670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Opdahl, E. W. Remme, T. Helle-Valle, E. Lyseggen, T. Vartdal, E. Pettersen, T. Edvardsen, and O. A. Smiseth Determinants of Left Ventricular Early-Diastolic Lengthening Velocity: Independent Contributions From Left Ventricular Relaxation, Restoring Forces, and Lengthening Load Circulation, May 19, 2009; 119(19): 2578 - 2586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Buakhamsri, Z. B. Popovic, J. Lin, P. Lim, N. L. Greenberg, A. G. Borowski, W.H. W. Tang, A. L. Klein, H. M. Lever, M. Y. Desai, et al. Impact of left ventricular volume/mass ratio on diastolic function Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2009; 30(10): 1213 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Manouras, K. Shahgaldi, R. Winter, J. Nowak, and L.-A. Brodin Comparison between colour-coded and spectral tissue Doppler measurements of systolic and diastolic myocardial velocities: effect of temporal filtering and offline gain setting Eur J Echocardiogr, May 1, 2009; 10(3): 406 - 413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S.P. Lam, V. L. Roger, R. J. Rodeheffer, B. A. Borlaug, F. T. Enders, and M. M. Redfield Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction a community-based study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 31, 2009; 53(13): 1119 - 1126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Lewis The role of the pulmonary vasculature in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 31, 2009; 53(13): 1127 - 1129. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Maeder and D. M. Kaye Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 17, 2009; 53(11): 905 - 918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. K. Shim, Y. S. Choi, D. H. Chun, S. W. Hong, D. H. Kim, and Y. L. Kwak Relationship between echocardiographic index of ventricular filling pressure and intraoperative haemodynamic changes during off-pump coronary bypass surgery Br. J. Anaesth., March 1, 2009; 102(3): 316 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J-W Ha, D Choi, S Park, E-Y Choi, C-Y Shim, J-M Kim, J-A Ahn, S-W Lee, J K Oh, and N Chung Left ventricular diastolic functional reserve during exercise in patients with impaired myocardial relaxation at rest Heart, March 1, 2009; 95(5): 399 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Meimoun, D. Malaquin, T. Benali, J. Boulanger, H. Zemir, and C. Tribouilloy Transient impairment of coronary flow reserve in tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy is related to left ventricular systolic parameters Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2009; 10(2): 265 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. H. Bijnens, M. Cikes, P. Claus, and G. R. Sutherland Velocity and deformation imaging for the assessment of myocardial dysfunction Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2009; 10(2): 216 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. F. Nagueh, C. P. Appleton, T. C. Gillebert, P. N. Marino, J. K. Oh, O. A. Smiseth, A. D. Waggoner, F. A. Flachskampf, P. A. Pellikka, and A. Evangelisa Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2009; 10(2): 165 - 193. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Troughton and A. M. Richards B-type natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., February 1, 2009; 2(2): 216 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Grewal, R. B. McCully, G. C. Kane, C. Lam, and P. A. Pellikka Left Ventricular Function and Exercise Capacity JAMA, January 21, 2009; 301(3): 286 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Mullens, A. G. Borowski, R. J. Curtin, J. D. Thomas, and W.H. Tang Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Intracardiac Filling Pressure in Decompensated Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure Circulation, January 6, 2009; 119(1): 62 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Quinones Role of echocardiography in predicting onset of heart failure in patients with stable coronary artery disease: is the whole greater than the sum of its parts? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., January 1, 2009; 2(1): 21 - 23. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Michels, O. I.I. Soliman, M. J. Kofflard, Y. M. Hoedemaekers, D. Dooijes, D. Majoor-Krakauer, and F. J. ten Cate Diastolic abnormalities as the first feature of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Dutch myosin-binding protein C founder mutations. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., January 1, 2009; 2(1): 58 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Okura, Y. Takada, A. Yamabe, T. Kubo, K. Asawa, T. Ozaki, H. Yamagishi, I. Toda, M. Yoshiyama, J. Yoshikawa, et al. Age- and Gender-Specific Changes in the Left Ventricular Relaxation: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study in Healthy Individuals Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, January 1, 2009; 2(1): 41 - 46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Skubas Intraoperative Doppler Tissue Imaging Is a Valuable Addition to Cardiac Anesthesiologists' Armamentarium: A Core Review Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2009; 108(1): 48 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Mahmood, A. Christie, and R. Matyal Transesophageal Echocardiography and Noncardiac Surgery Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2008; 12(4): 265 - 289. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Marcucci, R. Lauer, and A. Mahajan New Echocardiographic Techniques for Evaluating Left Ventricular Myocardial Function Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, December 1, 2008; 12(4): 228 - 247. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Kushwaha, E. Raichlin, Y. Sheinin, W. K. Kremers, K. Chandrasekaran, G. J. Brunn, and J. L. Platt Sirolimus affects cardiomyocytes to reduce left ventricular mass in heart transplant recipients Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2008; 29(22): 2742 - 2750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Tagore, L. H. Ling, H. Yang, H.-Y. Daw, Y.-H. Chan, and S. K. Sethi Natriuretic Peptides in Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2008; 3(6): 1644 - 1651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Perry, C. G. De Pasquale, D. P. Chew, and M. X. Joseph Assessment of early diastolic left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiographic speckle tracking Eur J Echocardiogr, November 1, 2008; 9(6): 791 - 795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. G. Rasmussen, S. H. Poulsen, E. Dupont, K. Ostergaard, G. Safikhany, and H. Egeblad Ergotamine-derived dopamine agonists and left ventricular function in Parkinson patients: systolic and diastolic function studied by conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and two-dimensional speckle tracking Eur J Echocardiogr, November 1, 2008; 9(6): 803 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Sorajja, R. A. Nishimura, S. R. Ommen, C. S. Rihal, B. J. Gersh, and D. R. Holmes Jr Effect of Septal Ablation on Myocardial Relaxation and Left Atrial Pressure in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Invasive Hemodynamic Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv., October 1, 2008; 1(5): 552 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Schumacher, E. Khojeini, and D. Larson ECHO parameters of diastolic dysfunction Perfusion, September 1, 2008; 23(5): 291 - 296. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Groban, H. Jobe, M. Lin, T. Houle, D. A. Kitzman, and W. Sonntag Effects of Short-Term Treadmill Exercise Training or Growth Hormone Supplementation on Diastolic Function and Exercise Tolerance in Old Rats J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2008; 63(9): 911 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Zhang, C. S. Chung, L. Shmuylovich, and S. J. Kovacs Is left ventricular volume during diastasis the real equilibrium volume, and what is its relationship to diastolic suction? J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2008; 105(3): 1012 - 1014. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Richardson-Lobbedez, S. Marechaux, C. Bauters, J. Darchis, J. L. Auffray, J. J. Bauchart, J. M. Aubert, T. H. LeJemtel, M. Lesenne, E. Van Belle, et al. Prognostic importance of tissue Doppler-derived diastolic function in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome: a bedside echocardiographic study Eur J Echocardiogr, September 1, 2008; 9(5): 594 - 598. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. T. Emery, I. Jadavji, J. B. Choy, and R. A. Lawrance Investigating the European Society of Cardiology Diastology Guidelines in a practical scenario Eur J Echocardiogr, September 1, 2008; 9(5): 685 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Baggish, K. Yared, F. Wang, R. B. Weiner, A. M. Hutter Jr., M. H. Picard, and M. J. Wood The impact of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic mechanics Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2008; 295(3): H1109 - H1116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Dunlay, S. A. Weston, M. M. Redfield, J. M. Killian, and V. L. Roger Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} and Mortality in Heart Failure: A Community Study Circulation, August 5, 2008; 118(6): 625 - 631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N R Van de Veire, J De Sutter, J J Bax, and J R T C Roelandt Technological advances in tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography Heart, August 1, 2008; 94(8): 1065 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N C Edwards, C J Ferro, J N Townend, and R P Steeds Aortic distensibility and arterial-ventricular coupling in early chronic kidney disease: a pattern resembling heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Heart, August 1, 2008; 94(8): 1038 - 1043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Evangelista, F. Flachskampf, P. Lancellotti, L. Badano, R. Aguilar, M. Monaghan, J. Zamorano, P. Nihoyannopoulos, and on behalf of the European Association of Echocardi European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for standardization of performance, digital storage and reporting of echocardiographic studies Eur J Echocardiogr, July 1, 2008; 9(4): 438 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y-M. Wang, M. Wang, C. W-K. Lam, I. H-S. Chan, Y. Zhang, and J. E. Sanderson Left Ventricular Filling Pressure by Doppler Echocardiography in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease Hypertension, July 1, 2008; 52(1): 107 - 114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. L. Dini, P. Fontanive, E. Panicucci, D. Andreini, P. Chella, and S. M. De Tommasi Prognostic significance of tricuspid annular motion and plasma NT-proBNP in patients with heart failure and moderate-to-severe functional mitral regurgitation Eur J Heart Fail, June 1, 2008; 10(6): 573 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Tretjak and M. Kozelj Tissue Doppler annular velocities, NT-proBNP and exercise capacity in healthy elderly Age Ageing, May 1, 2008; 37(3): 336 - 339. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lindqvist, G. Wikstrom, and A. Waldenstrom The use of E/Em and the time interval difference of isovolumic relaxation (TIVRT-IVRTm) in estimating left ventricular filling pressures Eur J Heart Fail, May 1, 2008; 10(5): 490 - 497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Silvilairat, R. Sittiwangkul, Y. Pongprot, P. Charoenkwan, and C. Phornphutkul Tissue Doppler echocardiography reliably reflects severity of iron overload in pediatric patients with {beta} thalassemia Eur J Echocardiogr, May 1, 2008; 9(3): 368 - 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Ippisch, T. H. Inge, S. R. Daniels, B. Wang, P. R. Khoury, S. A. Witt, B. J. Glascock, V. F. Garcia, and T. R. Kimball Reversibility of Cardiac Abnormalities in Morbidly Obese Adolescents J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 8, 2008; 51(14): 1342 - 1348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. D. Abel, S. E. Litwin, and G. Sweeney Cardiac Remodeling in Obesity Physiol Rev, April 1, 2008; 88(2): 389 - 419. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Y. Hayashi, A. Seeberger, B. Lind, S. Gunnes, A. Alvestrand, M. M. d. Nascimento, B. Lindholm, and L.-A. Brodin Acute effects of low and high intravenous doses of furosemide on myocardial function in anuric haemodialysis patients: a tissue Doppler study Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2008; 23(4): 1355 - 1361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S-W Lee, M-C Park, Y-B Park, and S-K Lee E/E' ratio is more sensitive than E/A ratio for detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, March 1, 2008; 17(3): 195 - 201. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P. Dal-Bianco, A. S. Jaffe, M. R. Bell, and J. K. Oh Cardiac Function and Brain-Type Natriuretic Peptide in First-Time Flash Pulmonary Edema Mayo Clin. Proc., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 289 - 296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Innelli, R. Sanchez, F. Marra, R. Esposito, and M. Galderisi The impact of aging on left ventricular longitudinal function in healthy subjects: a pulsed tissue Doppler study Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2008; 9(2): 241 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-M. Tartiere, D. Logeart, L. Tartiere-Kesri, and A. Cohen-Solal Colour tissue Doppler underestimates myocardial velocity as compared to spectral tissue Doppler: Poor reliability between both methods Eur J Echocardiogr, March 1, 2008; 9(2): 268 - 272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Lester, A. J. Tajik, R. A. Nishimura, J. K. Oh, B. K. Khandheria, and J. B. Seward Unlocking the Mysteries of Diastolic Function Deciphering the Rosetta Stone 10 Years Later. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2008; 51(7): 679 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Whalley, S. P. Wright, A. Pearl, G. D. Gamble, H. J. Walsh, M. Richards, and R. N. Doughty Prognostic role of echocardiography and brain natriuretic peptide in symptomatic breathless patients in the community Eur. Heart J., February 2, 2008; 29(4): 509 - 516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. Kerr, O. C. Raffel, G. A. Whalley, I. Zeng, and R. A. Stewart Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide despite normal left ventricular function on rest and exercise stress echocardiography in mitral regurgitation Eur. Heart J., February 1, 2008; 29(3): 363 - 370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. J. Olson, A. M. Arruda-Olson, V. K. Somers, C. G. Scott, and B. D. Johnson Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation*: Instability of Breathing Control Associated With Advanced Heart Failure Chest, February 1, 2008; 133(2): 474 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Choudhary, A. Palm-Leis, R. C. Scott III, R. S. Guleria, E. Rachut, K. M. Baker, and J. Pan All-trans retinoic acid prevents development of cardiac remodeling in aortic banded rats by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2008; 294(2): H633 - H644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Mont, D. Tamborero, R. Elosua, I. Molina, B. Coll-Vinent, M. Sitges, B. Vidal, A. Scalise, A. Tejeira, A. Berruezo, et al. Physical activity, height, and left atrial size are independent risk factors for lone atrial fibrillation in middle-aged healthy individuals Europace, January 4, 2008; (2008) eum263v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Groban, L. M. Yamaleyeva, B. M. Westwood, T. T. Houle, M. Lin, D. W. Kitzman, and M. C. Chappell Progressive Diastolic Dysfunction in the Female mRen(2).Lewis Rat: Influence of Salt and Ovarian Hormones J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2008; 63(1): 3 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Strand, S.E. Kjeldsen, H. Gudmundsdottir, I. Os, G. Smith, and R. Bjornerheim Tissue Doppler imaging describes diastolic function in men prone to develop hypertension over twenty years Eur J Echocardiogr, January 1, 2008; 9(1): 34 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Acharya, J. Rasanen, K. Makikallio, T. Erkinaro, T. Kavasmaa, M. Haapsamo, L. Mertens, and J. C. Huhta Metabolic acidosis decreases fetal myocardial isovolumic velocities in a chronic sheep model of increased placental vascular resistance Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2008; 294(1): H498 - H504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. B. Geske, P. Sorajja, R. A. Nishimura, and S. R. Ommen Evaluation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures by Doppler Echocardiography in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Correlation With Direct Left Atrial Pressure Measurement at Cardiac Catheterization Circulation, December 4, 2007; 116(23): 2702 - 2708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Codognotto, A. Piccoli, M. Zaninotto, M. Mion, M. Plebani, U. Vertolli, F. Tona, L. Ruzza, A. Barchita, and G. M. Boffa Renal Dysfunction Is a Confounder for Plasma Natriuretic Peptides in Detecting Heart Dysfunction in Uremic and Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies Clin. Chem., December 1, 2007; 53(12): 2097 - 2104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. P. Abraham, V. L. Dimaano, and H.-Y. Liang Role of Tissue Doppler and Strain Echocardiography in Current Clinical Practice Circulation, November 27, 2007; 116(22): 2597 - 2609. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||