doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.709329
(Circulation. 2007;115:3042-3044.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
Editorial |
Exercise Training in Chronic Heart Failure
How to Harmonize Oxidative Stress, Sympathetic Outflow, and Angiotensin II
From the Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Lancisi Heart Institute, Ancona, Italy.
Correspondence to Romualdo Belardinelli, MD, FESC, Cardiologia Riabilitativa e Preventiva, Presidio Cardiologico G.M. Lancisi, Ospedali Riuniti, Via Conca 71–60020, Ancona, Italy. E-mail r.belardinelli@fastnet.it
Key Words: Editorials • heart failure • exercise • oxidative stress • endothelium • quality of life
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
Life is movement.— —Aristotle (fourth century bce)
Heart failure is a major clinical and public health problem in Western countries. It is estimated that nearly 23 million people have heart failure worldwide. In the United States, 550 000 new cases are reported each year, and the age at diagnosis shifted from 65±9 years in 1950 to 1969 to 80±10 in 1990 to 1999. Approximately 69% of men and 45% of women die within 5 years of the onset of symptoms.1 In the United States, half of inpatients >65 years of age with chronic heart failure (CHF) are readmitted within 6 months of hospital discharge, suggesting insufficient coordination of care among different operators and/or inefficient comprehensive discharge planning.
Articles pp 3086 and 3095
Despite the progress of medical therapy, there is no evidence that the prognosis of heart failure in the community has changed over the last decades.1 It is conceivable that more individuals are surviving an initial acute cardiac event and that the first manifestation of heart failure is delayed. Thus, heart failure is a very demanding pathology requiring personalized disease management programs that raise the costs of medical care. With the aging of the population and the decline in mortality from other pathologies, it is likely that CHF will continue to increase. In the United States, the number of new cases of heart failure is expected to rise from 3 million in 1990 to 5.7 million in 2030.
There is evidence that oxidative stress is elevated in CHF
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