This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hirsch, A. T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hirsch, A. T. Related Collections Other arteriosclerosis Peripheral vascular disease Other Treatment Mechanism of atherosclerosis/growth factors

(Circulation. 2006;114:2581-2583.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Editorial

Critical Limb Ischemia and Stem Cell Research

Anchoring Hope With Informed Adverse Event Reporting

Alan T. Hirsch, MD

From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn, and the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn.

Correspondence to Alan T. Hirsch, MD, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454. E-mail hirsc005@umn.edu

Key Words: Editorials • thromboangiitis obliterans • cells • angiogenesis • complications • vasculature

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents a syndrome that is associated with a particularly adverse natural history. Although clinicians increasingly recognize that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) includes a broad range of clinical syndromes, CLI is associated with very adverse short-term limb and systemic cardiovascular outcomes.¹ CLI is not a specific disease per se; rather, it represents a syndrome that may develop from many fundamentally distinct pathophysiological processes, including advanced atherosclerosis, thromboembolism or atheroembolism, in situ thrombosis, and the arteritides, such as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO, or Buerger disease).

Article p 2679

	The Challenge of Thromboangiitis Obliterans

 
TAO is a form of PAD that is obliterative, thrombotic, and commonly progressive, especially in individuals who sustain exposure to tobacco products.² Refractory ischemic leg pain, skin ulceration, and gangrene may ensue, with a high short-term risk of amputation. TAO is distinct from other diseases that can obliterate distal arterial beds. It is not adequate to offer a TAO diagnosis to individuals with distal arterial disease who are male and who smoke. Clinicians in practice and investigators should be advised to apply the diagnostic label carefully, such as via use of the Olin criteria.²

For most individuals with CLI attributable to atherosclerosis, the immediate therapeutic goal is reestablishment of limb perfusion via endovascular or surgical methods, with aggressive treatment of the causative risk factors. For individuals with TAO, distal arterial obstruction may obviate successful revascularization, and patency may not be easily maintained. Thus, beyond tobacco cessation, there are few therapeutic options that are evidence based and that can sustain real hope . . . [Full Text of this Article]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Ramot, M. Meiron, A. Toren, M. Steiner, and A. Nyska Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Placental-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (PLX-PAD) Following Intramuscular Delivery Toxicol Pathol, August 1, 2009; 37(5): 606 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Al Mheid and A. A. Quyyumi Cell Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease Angiology, January 1, 2009; 59(6): 705 - 716. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Bosch-Marce, H. Okuyama, J. B. Wesley, K. Sarkar, H. Kimura, Y. V. Liu, H. Zhang, M. Strazza, S. Rey, L. Savino, et al. Effects of Aging and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Activity on Angiogenic Cell Mobilization and Recovery of Perfusion After Limb Ischemia Circ. Res., December 7, 2007; 101(12): 1310 - 1318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Semenza Regulation of tissue perfusion in mammals by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Exp Physiol, November 1, 2007; 92(6): 988 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]