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(Circulation. 2005;112:III-5 – III-16.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Section 1

Part 2: Adult Basic Life Support

From the 2005 International Consensus Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, hosted by the American Heart Association in Dallas, Texas, January 23–30, 2005.

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
The consensus conference addressed many questions related to the performance of basic life support. These have been grouped into (1) epidemiology and recognition of cardiac arrest, (2) airway and ventilation, (3) chest compression, (4) compression-ventilation sequence, (5) postresuscitation positioning, (6) special circumstances, (7) emergency medical services (EMS) system, and (8) risks to the victim and rescuer. Defibrillation is discussed separately in Part 3 because it is both a basic and an advanced life support skill.

There have been several important advances in the science of resuscitation since the last ILCOR review in 2000. The following is a summary of the evidence-based recommendations for the performance of basic life support:

• Rescuers begin CPR if the victim is unconscious, not moving, and not breathing (ignoring occasional gasps).
  
• For mouth-to-mouth ventilation or for bag-valve–mask ventilation with room air or oxygen, the rescuer should deliver each breath in 1 second and should see visible chest rise.
  
• Increased emphasis on the process of CPR: push hard at a rate of 100 compressions per minute, allow full chest recoil, and minimize interruptions in chest compressions.
  
• For the single rescuer of an infant (except newborns), child, or adult victim, use a single compression-ventilation ratio of 30:2 to simplify teaching, promote skills retention, increase the number of compressions given, and decrease interruptions in compressions. During 2-rescuer CPR of the infant or child, healthcare providers should use a 15:2 compression-ventilation ratio.
  
• During CPR for a patient with an advanced airway (ie, tracheal tube, esophageal-tracheal combitube [Combitube], laryngeal mask airway . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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