Circulation. 2002;106:388-391
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000020190.45892.75
doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000020190.45892.75
(Circulation. 2002;106:388.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.
AHA Scientific Statement |
AHA Guidelines for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke: 2002 Update
Consensus Panel Guide to Comprehensive Risk Reduction for Adult Patients Without Coronary or Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases
Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements • prevention • risk factors • cardiovascular disease • stroke
An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract. |
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Introduction |
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The initial Guide to the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases was published in 1997 as an aid to healthcare professionals and their patients without established coronary artery disease or other atherosclerotic diseases.1 It was intended to complement the American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC) Guidelines for Preventing Heart Attack and Death in Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (updated2) and to provide the healthcare professional with a comprehensive approach to patients across a wide spectrum of risk. The imperative to prevent the first episode of coronary disease or stroke or the development of aortic aneurysm and peripheral arterial disease remains as strong as ever because of the still-high rate of first events that are fatal or disabling or require expensive intensive medical care. The evidence that most cardiovascular disease is preventable continues to grow. Results of long-term prospective studies consistently identify persons with low levels of risk factors as having lifelong low levels of heart disease and stroke.3,4 Moreover, these low levels of risk factors are related to healthy lifestyles. Data from the Nurses Health Study,5 for example, suggest that in women, maintaining a desirable body weight, eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, not smoking, and consuming a moderate amount of alcohol could account for an 84% reduction in risk, yet only 3% of the women studied were in that category. Clearly, the majority of the causes of cardiovascular disease are known and modifiable.
This 2002 update of the Guide acknowledges a number of advances in the field
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M. J. Budoff, S. Achenbach, R. S. Blumenthal, J. J. Carr, J. G. Goldin, P. Greenland, A. D. Guerci, J. A.C. Lima, D. J. Rader, G. D. Rubin, et al. Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease by Cardiac Computed Tomography: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology Circulation, October 17, 2006; 114(16): 1761 - 1791. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. J. Bax, R. O. Bonow, D. Tschope, S. E. Inzucchi, E. Barrett, and on behalf of the Global Dialogue Group for the Eva The Potential of Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy for Risk Stratification of Asymptomatic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 754 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Cox, A. O. Maree, M. Dooley, R. Conroy, M. F. Byrne, and D. J. Fitzgerald Effect of Enteric Coating on Antiplatelet Activity of Low-Dose Aspirin in Healthy Volunteers Stroke, August 1, 2006; 37(8): 2153 - 2158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation, June 20, 2006; 113(24): e873 - e923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. B. Goldstein, R. Adams, M. J. Alberts, L. J. Appel, L. M. Brass, C. D. Bushnell, A. Culebras, T. J. DeGraba, P. B. Gorelick, J. R. Guyton, et al. Primary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: Cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, June 1, 2006; 37(6): 1583 - 1633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. S. Vasan Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2335 - 2362. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Grundy Metabolic Syndrome: Connecting and Reconciling Cardiovascular and Diabetes Worlds J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 21, 2006; 47(6): 1093 - 1100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al. Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Circulation, March 14, 2006; 113(10): e409 - e449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Pignone, S. Earnshaw, J. A. Tice, and M. J. Pletcher Aspirin, statins, or both drugs for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease events in men: a cost-utility analysis. Ann Intern Med, March 7, 2006; 144(5): 326 - 336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. F. McGruder, J. B. Croft, and Z.-J. Zheng Characteristics of an "Ill-Defined" Diagnosis for Stroke: Opportunities for Improvement Stroke, March 1, 2006; 37(3): 781 - 789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Kohli and P. Greenland Role of the Metabolic Syndrome in Risk Assessment for Coronary Heart Disease JAMA, February 15, 2006; 295(7): 819 - 821. [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. L. Gierach, B. D. Johnson, C. N. Bairey Merz, S. F. Kelsey, V. Bittner, M. B. Olson, L. J. Shaw, S. Mankad, C. J. Pepine, S. E. Reis, et al. Hypertension, Menopause, and Coronary Artery Disease Risk in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3_Suppl_S): S50 - S58. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. L. Sacco, R. Adams, G. Albers, M. J. Alberts, O. Benavente, K. Furie, L. B. Goldstein, P. Gorelick, J. Halperin, R. Harbaugh, et al. Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke, February 1, 2006; 37(2): 577 - 617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Berger, M. C. Roncaglioni, F. Avanzini, I. Pangrazzi, G. Tognoni, and D. L. Brown Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women and Men: A Sex-Specific Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials JAMA, January 18, 2006; 295(3): 306 - 313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. L. Yan, M. L. Daviglus, K. Liu, J. Stamler, R. Wang, A. Pirzada, D. B. Garside, A. R. Dyer, L. Van Horn, Y. Liao, et al. Midlife Body Mass Index and Hospitalization and Mortality in Older Age JAMA, January 11, 2006; 295(2): 190 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. E. Clouse, J. Chen, H. M. Krumholz, M. E. Clouse, J. Chen, and H. M. Krumholz Noninvasive Screening for Coronary Artery Disease With Computed Tomography Is Useful Circulation, January 3, 2006; 113(1): 125 - 146. [Full Text] [PDF]
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American Diabetes Association Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2006 Diabetes Care, January 1, 2006; 29(suppl_1): S4 - S42. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Grundy, J. I. Cleeman, S. R. Daniels, K. A. Donato, R. H. Eckel, B. A. Franklin, D. J. Gordon, R. M. Krauss, P. J. Savage, S. C. Smith Jr, et al. Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement Circulation, October 25, 2005; 112(17): 2735 - 2752. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Jee, L. E. Boulware, E. Guallar, I. Suh, L. J. Appel, and E. R. Miller III Direct, Progressive Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Incident Proteinuria: Results From the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) Study Arch Intern Med, October 24, 2005; 165(19): 2299 - 2304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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